Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: April 10, 2023
Cognitive
impairment
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
symptoms
post
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
COronaVirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
state,
which
known
as
Long
COVID.
Advanced
neuroimaging
techniques
may
contribute
to
a
better
understanding
pathophysiological
brain
changes
and
underlying
mechanisms
in
post-COVID-19
subjects.
We
aimed
at
investigating
regional
cerebral
perfusion
alterations
subjects
who
reported
subjective
cognitive
after
mild
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
using
non-invasive
Arterial
Spin
Labeling
(ASL)
MRI
technique
analysis.
Using
MRI-ASL
image
processing,
we
investigated
24
patients
(53.0
±
14.5
years,
15F/9M)
with
persistent
complaints
COVID-19
period.
Voxelwise
region-of-interest
analyses
were
performed
identify
statistically
significant
differences
blood
flow
(CBF)
maps
between
patients,
age
sex
matched
healthy
controls
(54.8
9.1
13F/9M).
The
results
showed
hypoperfusion
widespread
network
group,
predominantly
affecting
frontal
cortex,
well
parietal
temporal
identified
by
non-parametric
permutation
testing
(p
<
0.05,
FWE-corrected
TFCE).
areas
right
hemisphere
regions
more
extensive.
These
findings
support
hypothesis
large
dysfunction
post-COVID
complaints.
nature
ASL-MRI
method
play
an
important
role
monitoring
prognosis
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. 1047 - 1066
Published: March 17, 2022
Abstract
Introduction
We
conducted
a
systematic
review
and
meta‐analysis
of
the
cognitive
effects
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID‐19)
in
adults
with
no
prior
history
impairment.
Methods
Searches
Medline/Web
Science/Embase
from
January
1,
2020,
to
December
13,
2021,
were
performed
following
Preferred
Reporting
Items
for
Systematic
Reviews
Meta‐Analyses
(PRISMA)
guidelines.
A
Montreal
Cognitive
Assessment
(MoCA)
total
score
comparing
recovered
COVID‐19
healthy
controls
was
performed.
Results
Oof
6202
articles,
27
studies
2049
individuals
included
(mean
age
=
56.05
years,
evaluation
time
ranged
acute
phase
7
months
post‐infection).
Impairment
executive
functions,
attention,
memory
found
post‐COVID‐19
patients.
The
subgroup
290
showed
difference
MoCA
between
patients
versus
−0.94,
95%
confidence
interval
[CI]
−1.59,
−0.29;
P
.0049).
Discussion
Patients
have
lower
general
cognition
compared
up
post‐infection.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
119(35)
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
Although
increasing
evidence
confirms
neuropsychiatric
manifestations
associated
mainly
with
severe
COVID-19
infection,
long-term
dysfunction
(recently
characterized
as
part
of
"long
COVID-19"
syndrome)
has
been
frequently
observed
after
mild
infection.
We
show
the
spectrum
cerebral
impact
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
ranging
from
alterations
in
mildly
infected
individuals
(orbitofrontal
cortical
atrophy,
neurocognitive
impairment,
excessive
fatigue
and
anxiety
symptoms)
to
damage
confirmed
brain
tissue
samples
extracted
orbitofrontal
region
(via
endonasal
transethmoidal
access)
who
died
COVID-19.
In
an
independent
cohort
26
COVID-19,
we
used
histopathological
signs
a
guide
for
possible
SARS-CoV-2
infection
found
that
among
5
exhibited
those
signs,
all
them
had
genetic
material
virus
brain.
Brain
these
five
patients
also
foci
replication,
particularly
astrocytes.
Supporting
hypothesis
astrocyte
neural
stem
cell-derived
human
astrocytes
vitro
are
susceptible
through
noncanonical
mechanism
involves
spike-NRP1
interaction.
SARS-CoV-2-infected
manifested
changes
energy
metabolism
key
proteins
metabolites
fuel
neurons,
well
biogenesis
neurotransmitters.
Moreover,
elicits
secretory
phenotype
reduces
neuronal
viability.
Our
data
support
model
which
reaches
brain,
infects
astrocytes,
consequently,
leads
death
or
dysfunction.
These
deregulated
processes
could
contribute
structural
functional
seen
brains
patients.
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(664)
Published: June 7, 2022
The
host
response
to
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
can
result
in
prolonged
pathologies
collectively
referred
as
post-acute
sequalae
of
COVID-19
(PASC)
or
long
COVID.
To
better
understand
the
mechanism
underlying
COVID
biology,
we
compared
short-
and
long-term
systemic
responses
golden
hamster
after
either
SARS-CoV-2
influenza
A
virus
(IAV)
infection.
Results
demonstrated
that
exceeded
IAV
its
capacity
cause
permanent
injury
lung
kidney
uniquely
affected
olfactory
bulb
(OB)
epithelium
(OE).
Despite
a
lack
detectable
infectious
virus,
OB
OE
myeloid
T
cell
activation,
proinflammatory
cytokine
production,
an
interferon
correlated
with
behavioral
changes
extending
month
viral
clearance.
These
sustained
transcriptional
could
also
be
corroborated
from
tissue
isolated
individuals
who
recovered
COVID-19.
data
highlight
molecular
for
persistent
symptomology
provide
small
animal
model
explore
future
therapeutics.
JAMA Neurology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
79(5), P. 509 - 509
Published: March 8, 2022
Importance
Determining
the
long-term
impact
of
COVID-19
on
cognition
is
important
to
inform
immediate
steps
in
research
and
health
policy.
Objective
To
investigate
1-year
trajectory
cognitive
changes
older
survivors.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
cohort
study
recruited
3233
survivors
60
years
who
were
discharged
from
3
COVID-19–designated
hospitals
Wuhan,
China,
February
10
April
10,
2020.
Their
uninfected
spouses
(N
=
466)
as
a
control
population.
Participants
with
preinfection
impairment,
concomitant
neurological
disorder,
or
family
history
dementia
excluded,
well
those
severe
cardiac,
hepatic,
kidney
disease
any
kind
tumor.
Follow-up
monitoring
functioning
decline
took
place
at
6
12
months.
A
total
1438
438
individuals
included
final
follow-up.
was
categorized
nonsevere
following
American
Thoracic
Society
guidelines.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
The
main
outcome
change
1
year
after
patient
discharge.
Cognitive
during
first
second
6-month
follow-up
periods
assessed
using
Informant
Questionnaire
Decline
Elderly
Telephone
Interview
Status-40,
respectively.
Based
observed
2
periods,
trajectories
classified
into
4
categories:
stable
cognition,
early-onset
decline,
late-onset
progressive
decline.
Multinomial
conditional
logistical
regression
models
used
identify
factors
associated
risk
Results
Among
1317
screened,
participants
treated
for
(691
male
[48.05%]
747
female
[51.95%];
median
[IQR]
age,
69
[66-74]
years)
(222
[50.68%]
216
[49.32%];
67
completed
12-month
incidence
impairment
months
discharge
12.45%.
Individuals
cases
had
lower
Status-40
scores
than
(median
[IQR]:
severe,
22.50
[16.00-28.00];
nonsevere,
30.00
[26.00-33.00];
control,
31.00
[26.00-33.00]).
Severe
higher
(odds
ratio
[OR],
4.87;
95%
CI,
3.30-7.20),
(OR,
7.58;
3.58-16.03),
19.00;
9.14-39.51),
while
1.71;
1.30-2.27)
when
adjusting
sex,
education
level,
body
mass
index,
comorbidities.
Conclusions
Relevance
In
this
study,
survival
an
increase
longitudinal
highlighting
importance
measures
deal
challenge.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: June 2, 2023
Some
patients
remain
unwell
for
months
after
"recovering"
from
acute
COVID-19.
They
develop
persistent
fatigue,
cognitive
problems,
headaches,
disrupted
sleep,
myalgias
and
arthralgias,
post-exertional
malaise,
orthostatic
intolerance
other
symptoms
that
greatly
interfere
with
their
ability
to
function
can
leave
some
people
housebound
disabled.
The
illness
(Long
COVID)
is
similar
myalgic
encephalomyelitis/chronic
fatigue
syndrome
(ME/CFS)
as
well
persisting
illnesses
follow
a
wide
variety
of
infectious
agents
following
major
traumatic
injury.
Together,
these
are
projected
cost
the
U.S.
trillions
dollars.
In
this
review,
we
first
compare
ME/CFS
Long
COVID,
noting
considerable
similarities
few
differences.
We
then
in
extensive
detail
underlying
pathophysiology
two
conditions,
focusing
on
abnormalities
central
autonomic
nervous
system,
lungs,
heart,
vasculature,
immune
gut
microbiome,
energy
metabolism
redox
balance.
This
comparison
highlights
how
strong
evidence
each
abnormality,
illness,
helps
set
priorities
future
investigation.
review
provides
current
road
map
literature
biology
both
illnesses.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. jnumed.121.262128 - jnumed.121.262128
Published: March 31, 2021
Cognitive
impairment
is
a
frequent
complaint
in
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
and
can
be
related
to
cortical
hypometabolism
on
18F-FDG
PET
at
the
subacute
stage.
However,
it
unclear
if
these
changes
are
reversible.
Methods:
We
prospectively
assessed
Montreal
Assessment
scores
scans
of
8
COVID-19
patients
stage
(once
no
longer
infectious)
chronic
(˜6
mo
after
symptom
onset).
The
expression
previously
established
COVID-19-related
covariance
pattern
was
analyzed
both
stages
examine
time
course
post-COVID-19
cognitive
impairment.
For
further
validation,
we
also
conducted
conventional
group
analysis.
Results:
Follow-up
revealed
that
there
significant
reduction
initial
frontoparietal
and,
lesser
extent,
temporal
this
accompanied
by
improvement
cognition.
significantly
lower
follow-up
correlated
inversely
with
performance.
assessment
suggest
residual
Conclusion:
Although
recovery
regional
neuronal
function
cognition
clearly
stated,
residuals
still
measurable
some
6
manifestation
COVID-19.
Given
current
pandemic
situation
tremendous
uncertainty
concerning
long-term
effects
COVID-19,
present
study
provides
novel
insights
highest
medical
socioeconomic
relevance.