The central extended amygdala in fear and anxiety: Closing the gap between mechanistic and neuroimaging research

Neuroscience Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 693, P. 58 - 67

Published: Nov. 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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From Phineas Gage and Monsieur Leborgne to H.M.: Revisiting Disconnection Syndromes

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 4812 - 4827

Published: Aug. 12, 2015

On the 50th anniversary of Norman Geschwind's seminal paper entitled 'Disconnexion syndrome in animal and man', we pay tribute to his ideas by applying contemporary tractography methods understand white matter disconnection 3 classic cases that made history behavioral neurology. We first documented locus extent brain lesion from computerized tomography Phineas Gage's skull magnetic resonance images Louis Victor Leborgne's brain, Broca's patient, Henry Gustave Molaison. then applied reconstructed lesions an atlas connections obtained diffusion 129 healthy adults. Our results showed all patients, disruption extended projecting areas distant lesion. confirmed damaged tracts link neuroscience are considered functionally engaged for tasks related emotion decision-making (Gage), language production (Leborgne), declarative memory (Molaison). findings suggest even historic should be reappraised within a framework whose principles were plainly established associationist schools last 2 centuries.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain: Toward a Meta-Networking Theory of Cerebral Functions

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 100(3), P. 1181 - 1228

Published: Feb. 20, 2020

For more than one century, brain processing was mainly thought in a localizationist framework, which given function underpinned by discrete, isolated cortical area, and with similar cerebral organization across individuals. However, advances mapping techniques humans have provided new insights into the organizational principles of anatomo-functional architecture. Here, we review recent findings gained from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, as well lesion studies. Based on these data connectome, challenge traditional, outdated view propose an alternative meta-networking theory. This model holds that complex cognitions behaviors arise spatiotemporal integration distributed but relatively specialized networks underlying conation cognition (e.g., language, spatial cognition). Dynamic interactions between such circuits result perpetual succession equilibrium states, opening door to considerable interindividual behavioral variability neuroplastic phenomena. Indeed, underlies uniquely human propensity learn abilities, also explains how postlesional reshaping can lead some degrees functional compensation brain-damaged patients. We discuss major implications this approach fundamental neurosciences for clinical developments, especially neurology, psychiatry, neurorehabilitation, restorative neurosurgery.

Language: Английский

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The Rhesus Monkey Connectome Predicts Disrupted Functional Networks Resulting from Pharmacogenetic Inactivation of the Amygdala

Neuron, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 91(2), P. 453 - 466

Published: July 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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The Anatomy of Inference: Generative Models and Brain Structure

Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

To infer the causes of its sensations, brain must call on a generative (predictive) model. This necessitates passing local messages between populations neurons to update beliefs about hidden variables in world beyond sensory samples. It also entails inferences how we will act. Active inference is principled framework that frames perception and action as approximate Bayesian inference. has been successful accounting for wide range physiological behavioural phenomena. Recently, process theory emerged attempts relate their neurobiological substrates. In this paper, review develop anatomical aspects theory. We argue form models required constrains way which regions connect one another. Specifically, neuronal representing variable receive input from Markov blanket variable. illustrate idea four different domains: perception, planning, attention, movement. doing so, attempt show appealing enables us account architectures. Ultimately, committing an ensures can empirical hypotheses be tested using neuroimaging, neuropsychological, electrophysiological experiments.

Language: Английский

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