International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(15), P. 8140 - 8140
Published: July 29, 2021
Human
milk
is
a
vital
biofluid
containing
myriad
of
molecular
components
to
ensure
an
infant's
best
start
at
healthy
life.
One
key
component
human
β-casein,
protein
which
not
only
structural
constituent
casein
micelles
but
also
source
bioactive,
often
antimicrobial,
peptides
contributing
milk's
endogenous
peptidome.
Importantly,
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
like
phosphorylation
and
glycosylation
typically
affect
the
function
proteins
peptides;
however,
here
our
understanding
β-casein
critically
limited.
To
uncover
scope
proteoforms
peptidoforms
we
utilized
mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
achieve
in-depth
longitudinal
profiling
from
milk,
studying
two
donors
across
16
weeks
lactation.
We
observed
changes
in
β-casein's
known
peptide
phosphorylation,
previously
unexplored
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
113(5), P. 1063 - 1072
Published: Feb. 25, 2021
Critical
advancement
is
needed
in
the
study
of
human
milk
as
a
biological
system
that
intersects
and
interacts
with
myriad
internal
(maternal
biology)
external
(diet,
environment,
infections)
factors
its
plethora
influences
on
developing
infant.
Human-milk
composition
resulting
function
more
than
sum
parts.
Our
failure
to
fully
understand
this
biology
large
part
contributes
why
duration
exclusive
breastfeeding
remains
an
unsettled
science
(if
not
policy).
current
understanding
human-milk
individual
components
their
functions
fails
recognize
importance
chronobiology
systems
context
synthesis,
optimal
timing
feeding,
period
lactation.
The
overly
simplistic,
but
common,
approach
analyzing
single,
mostly
nutritive
insufficient
contribution
either
or
matrix
within
which
they
exist
both
maternal
child
health.
There
need
for
shift
conceptual
studying
improve
strategies
interventions
support
better
lactation,
breastfeeding,
full
range
infant
feeding
practices,
particularly
women
infants
living
undernourished
infectious
environments.
Recent
technological
advances
have
led
rising
movement
towards
advancing
biology.
Herein,
we
describe
rationale
critical
unveiling
multifunctionality
various
nutritional,
nonnutritional,
immune,
signaling
pathways
drive
development
maturation,
growth,
very
early
postnatal
life.
We
provide
vision
framework
research
strategy
agenda
change
field
implications
global
policy,
innovation,
interventions.
Allergy,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
76(3), P. 714 - 734
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
Abstract
The
prevalence
of
chronic
immune
and
metabolic
disorders
is
increasing
rapidly.
In
particular,
inflammatory
bowel
diseases,
obesity,
diabetes,
asthma
obstructive
pulmonary
disease
have
become
major
healthcare
economic
burdens
worldwide.
Recent
advances
in
microbiome
research
led
to
significant
discoveries
associative
links
between
alterations
the
health,
as
well
these
supposedly
noncommunicable,
immune/metabolic
disorders.
Importantly,
interplay
diet,
mucous
barrier
diseases
has
gained
attention.
Diet
modulates
via
gut
microbiota,
resulting
either
onset/exacerbation
due
a
“poor”
diet
or
protection
against
with
“healthy”
diet.
addition,
many
mucosa‐associated
possess
specific
fingerprint
associated
composition
barrier,
which
further
influenced
by
host‐microbiome
inter‐microbial
interactions,
dietary
choices,
microbe
immigration
antimicrobials.
Our
review
focuses
on
interactions
(macronutrients
micronutrients),
microbiota
barriers
(gastrointestinal
respiratory
tract)
their
importance
onset
and/or
progression
We
also
highlight
key
mechanisms
that
could
be
targeted
therapeutically
prevent
treat
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
43(3), P. 469 - 506
Published: Nov. 17, 2021
Iodine
is
a
micronutrient
needed
for
the
production
of
thyroid
hormones,
which
regulate
metabolism,
growth,
and
development.
deficiency
or
excess
may
alter
hormone
synthesis.
The
potential
effects
on
infant
development
depend
degree,
timing,
duration
exposure.
iodine
requirement
particularly
high
during
infancy
because
elevated
turnover.
Breastfed
infants
rely
provided
by
human
milk,
but
concentration
in
breast
milk
determined
maternal
intake.
Diets
many
countries
cannot
provide
sufficient
iodine,
prevented
fortification
salt.
However,
coverage
iodized
salt
varies
between
countries.
Epidemiological
data
suggest
large
differences
intake
lactating
women,
infants,
toddlers
worldwide,
ranging
from
deficient
to
excessive
In
this
review,
we
an
overview
current
knowledge
recent
advances
understanding
nutrition
its
association
with
function
toddlers.
We
discuss
risk
factors
malnutrition
impact
targeted
intervention
strategies
these
vulnerable
population
groups.
highlight
importance
appropriate
definitions
optimal
need
more
assessing
mild
disorders
first
2
years
life.
International Breastfeeding Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: June 1, 2023
Abstract
Background
Global
estimates
of
calcium,
zinc
and
vitamin
D
content
in
breastmilk
are
lacking.
The
objective
this
systematic
review
was
to
determine
the
zinc,
breast
milk.
Methods
A
search
online
databases
Embase,
MEDLINE,
CENTRAL
conducted
November
2022
complemented
by
searches
African
Journals
Online
database
LILACS
database,
reference
lists.
Studies
reporting
milk
apparently
healthy
mothers
infants
were
included.
Random
effects
meta-analyses
conducted.
effect
influencing
factors
investigated
with
sub-group
analyses
meta-regressions.
Results
total
154
studies
on
calcium
identified,
a
mean
concentration
261
mg/L
(95%
CI:
238,
284).
Calcium
influenced
maternal
health
decreased
linearly
over
duration
lactation.
at
specific
time
during
lactation
could
be
estimated
equation:
[mg/L]
=
282
–
0.2331
✕
number
days
since
birth.
242
2.57
2.50,
2.65).
Zinc
several
factors,
such
as
age,
gestational
diet.
started
high
first
weeks
post-partum
followed
rapid
decrease
months.
6
+
0.0005
2.0266
log(days).
43
antirachitic
activity
58
IU/L
45,
70),
which
consisted
mostly
25OHD3,
smaller
amounts
D3,
25OHD2
D2.
Vitamin
showed
wide
variations
between
supplementation,
continent
season.
Conclusions
This
provides
global
milk,
well
indications
changes
depending
factors.
Children,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
5(12), P. 160 - 160
Published: Nov. 27, 2018
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
microbiome
composition
and
function
is
associated
with
development
of
obesity
metabolic
disease.
Microbial
colonization
expands
rapidly
following
birth,
particularly
variable
during
infancy.
Factors
influence
the
formation
gut
infancy
childhood
may
have
a
significant
impact
on
dysfunction,
life-long
consequences.
In
this
review,
we
examine
determinants
childhood,
evaluate
potential
cardiometabolic
risk.
Medicina,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
55(5), P. 173 - 173
Published: May 20, 2019
Background
and
objectives:
Many
studies
indicate
that
the
maternal
diet
is
an
important
factor
affecting
human
milk
composition.
Human
composition
among
lactating
women
in
Latvia,
as
well
during
lactation,
has
not
been
sufficiently
studied.
The
aim
of
this
research
was
to
assess
dietary
habits
macronutrient
intake
Latvia
examine
effect
on
Materials
Methods:
Research
conducted
between
November
2016
December
2017.
Mature
samples
(n
=
61)
along
with
a
72h
food
diary,
frequency
questionnaire
(FFQ),
about
infant
characteristics
were
obtained
from
voluntary
who
recruited
via
invitation
published
social
media
member
group
for
nursing
mothers.
Fat
content
determined
by
LVS
ISO
2446:2008,
protein
EN
8968-1:2014,
lactose
22662:2007,
fatty
acid
profile
analyzed
using
gas
chromatography.
Dietary
data
evaluated
Finnish
database
Fineli,
release
19
(3
March
2018).
Results:
Median
values
fat,
protein,
mature
4.40%,
1.08%,
6.52%,
respectively.
Predominant
acids
oleic
(C18:1
n9c),
palmitic
(C16:0),
linoleic
(C18:2
n6c)
at
34.60%,
24.00%,
11.00%
total
acids,
trans
elaidic
n9t)
level
<0.10%
all
samples.
Significant,
positive
associations
(p
<
0.05)
found
linoleic,
α-linolenic,
docosahexaenoic,
cis-monounsaturated,
cis-polyunsaturated,
n-6
n-3
polyunsaturated
ratio
n-6/n-3,
these
milk.
Total
energy
carbohydrate
participants
lower,
but
saturated
sugar
higher
than
recommended.
Protein,
acid,
α-linolenic
adequate,
docosahexaenoic
noticeably
lower
Women
should
be
supported
information
regarding
their
nutritional
needs
lactation
possible
impact
Conclusion:
Macronutrient
(fat,
lactose)
affected
diet.
Conversely,
immediate
consumed
mother.
Habitual
can
also
