Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 399(10328), P. 924 - 944

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Knowing whether COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness wanes is crucial for informing policy, such as the need and timing of booster doses. We aimed to systematically review evidence duration protection vaccines against various clinical outcomes, assess changes in rates breakthrough infection caused by delta variant with increasing time since vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Estimated Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Against Omicron or Delta Symptomatic Infection and Severe Outcomes

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(9), P. e2232760 - e2232760

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including among individuals who have received 2 doses COVID-19 vaccine, increased substantially following the emergence Omicron variant in Ontario, Canada. Understanding estimated effectiveness or 3 vaccine against outcomes associated with and Delta infections may aid decision-making at individual population levels.To estimate (VE) symptomatic due to variants severe (hospitalization death) these infections.This test-negative case-control study used linked provincial databases for laboratory testing, reportable disease, vaccination, health administration Participants were aged 18 years older had symptoms tested between December 6 26, 2021.Receipt time since last dose.The main infection infection. Multivariable logistic regression was by latest dose compared no vaccination. Estimated VE calculated using formula = (1 - [adjusted odds ratio]) × 100%.Of 134 435 total participants, 16 087 Omicron-positive cases (mean [SD] age, 36.0 [14.1] years; 8249 [51.3%] female), 4261 Delta-positive 44.2 [16.8] 2199 [51.6%] 114 controls 42.0 [16.5] 67 884 [59.5%] female). decreased from 89% (95% CI, 86%-92%) 7 59 days after a second 80% 74%-84%) 240 more but 97% 96%-98%) third dose. 36% 24%-45%) 1% -8% 10%) 180 longer, dose, it 61% 56%-65%). high both (99%; 95% 98%-99%) (95%; 87%-98%).In this study, contrast modest short term better maintained outcomes. A improved variants. Preventing potential future require tools beyond currently available vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 439 - 452

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immunity

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. e2310650 - e2310650

Published: May 3, 2023

Importance Estimates of the rate waning vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 are key to assess population levels protection and future needs for booster doses face resurgence epidemic waves. Objective To quantify progressive VE associated with Delta Omicron variants SARS-CoV-2 by number received doses. Data Sources PubMed Web Science were searched from databases’ inception October 19, 2022, as well reference lists eligible articles. Preprints included. Study Selection Selected studies this systematic review meta-analysis original articles reporting estimates over time laboratory-confirmed infection symptomatic disease. Extraction Synthesis at different points vaccination retrieved studies. A secondary data analysis was performed project any last dose administration, improving comparability across between 2 considered variants. Pooled obtained random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes Measures or disease half-life vaccine-induced protection. Results total 799 149 reviews published in peer-reviewed journals 35 preprints identified. Of these, 40 included analysis. a primary cycle both lower than 20% 6 months administration. Booster restored comparable those acquired soon after administration cycle. However, 9 30% The estimated be 87 days (95% CI, 67-129 days) compared 316 240-470 Delta. Similar rates found age segments population. Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest that vaccines rapidly wanes dose. results can inform design appropriate targets timing programs.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development

MedComm, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract New genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) constantly emerge through unmitigated spread the virus in ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Omicron (B.1.1.529), latest variant concern (VOC), has so far shown exceptional and infectivity established itself as dominant recent months. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein is a key component for recognition binding to host cell angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptors. harbors cluster substitutions/deletions/insertions, more than 30 mutations are located spike. Some noticeable mutations, including K417N, T478K, N501Y, P681H, shared with previous VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta have been proven be associated higher transmissibility, viral infectivity, immune evasion potential. Studies revealed that partially resistant neutralizing activity therapeutic antibodies convalescent sera, which poses significant challenges clinical effectiveness current vaccines antibodies. We provide comprehensive analysis summary epidemiology escape mechanisms variant. also suggest some strategies against This review, therefore, aims information further research efforts prevent contain impact new during

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of a third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a large US health system: A retrospective cohort study

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100198 - 100198

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Predicting vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time and against variants: a meta-analysis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 24, 2023

Abstract Vaccine protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to be strongly correlated with neutralising antibody titres; however, this not yet demonstrated for severe COVID-19. To explore whether relationship also holds COVID-19, we performed a systematic search studies reporting on against different clinical endpoints and extracted data 15 studies. Since matched titres were available, used the vaccine regimen, time since vaccination variant of concern predict corresponding titres. We then compared observed effectiveness reported in these predicted by previously published model between titre find that are (Spearman $$\rho$$ ρ = 0.95, p < 0.001) 0.72, 0.001 both) COVID-19 loss antibodies over new variants predictive

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(6)

Published: April 18, 2022

Billions of doses coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, dramatically reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence and severity in some settings. Many studies suggest provide a high degree protection against infection disease, but precise estimates vary differ design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, circulating virus strains. In this study, we conduct systematic review COVID-19 through February 2022. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 15 undergoing World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing evaluation real-world effectiveness 8 with observational meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include asymptomatic infection, any symptomatic COVID-19, including hospitalization death, partial or complete vaccination, variants concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron. additionally the epidemiological principles behind design interpretation vaccine studies, important sources heterogeneity.

Language: Английский

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Short term, relative effectiveness of four doses versus three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in people aged 60 years and older in Israel: retrospective, test negative, case-control study

BMJ, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e071113 - e071113

Published: May 24, 2022

To examine the relative effectiveness of a fourth dose Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine compared with three doses over span 10 weeks. Retrospective, test negative, case-control study, matched analysis and an unmatched multiple tests analysis. Nationally centralised database Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israeli national health fund for 2.5 million people; from January 2022 (seven days after was first given to eligible individuals) 13 March 2022, omicron dominant period in Israel. 97 499 Services members aged 60 years older, who were receive obtained at least one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during study. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as positive PCR performed seven or more inoculation BNT162b2 vaccine; breakthrough infection resulting severe covid-19 disease, hospital admission death related covid-19. 27 876 participants received 69 623 only. Of 106 died follow-up period, 77 had their third only 23 weeks inoculation. In weeks, provided additional protection against both disease vaccine. However, quickly decreased time, peaking week 65.1% (95% confidence interval 63.0% 67.1%) falling 22.0% (4.9% 36.1%) by end period. Unlike maintained high level (>72%) throughout follow-up. relatively rare event, occurring <1% study four A appears have doses. wane sooner than that dose.

Language: Английский

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Role of COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 20, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a threat to the health of global population. As result effort in determination origin, structure, and pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 its variants, particularly such variant concern as Delta Variant Omicron Variant, understanding are deepening development vaccines against ongoing. Currently, AstraZeneca-Vaxzevria/SII-Covishield vaccine, Janssen-Ad26.COV2.S Moderna-mRNA-1273 Pfizer BioNTech-Comirnaty vaccine Sinovac-CoronaVac have been listed WHO Emergency Use Listing (EUL) Qualified Vaccines WHO. Because antigen escape mutation effectiveness vaccines, which currently main means prevention treatment, has affected varying degrees. Herein, we review current status mutations different approaches used COVID-19 variants.

Language: Английский

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