The Pathobiome in Animal and Plant Diseases

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 996 - 1008

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Feed, Microbiota, and Gut Immunity: Using the Zebrafish Model to Understand Fish Health

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 5, 2020

Aquafeed companies aim to provide solutions the various challenges related nutrition and health in aquaculture. Solutions promote feed efficiency growth, as well improving fish or protect gut from inflammation may include dietary additives such prebiotics probiotics. The general assumption is that can alter microbiota which, turn, interacts with host immune system. However, exact mechanisms by which influences host-microbe-immune interactions still remain largely unexplored. Zebrafish rapidly have become a well-recognized animal model study because of diverse set research tools available for these small cyprinids. Genome editing technologies create specific gene-deficient zebrafish contribute our understanding functions. larvae are optically transparent, allows vivo imaging (immune) cell populations whole transgenic organisms. Germ-free individuals be reared host-microbe interactions. Altogether, unique features help shed light on ultimately health. In this review, we first describe anatomy function gut: main surface where Then, further what currently known about molecular pathways underlie interaction gut. Finally, summarise critically review most recent probiotics relation alterations responses. We discuss advantages disadvantages an other species effects

Language: Английский

---

A microbial sea of possibilities: current knowledge and prospects for an improved understanding of the fish microbiome

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 1101 - 1134

Published: Aug. 13, 2019

Abstract The mucosal surfaces of fish represent an important barrier that supports and regulates a diverse array microbial assemblages contributes to the overall health fitness host. For farmed species, knowledge how these host–microbial systems adapt respond various stressors is pivotal for managing health, nutrition optimizing productivity in aquaculture. While our understanding communities factors shape them now suggest balanced microbiota critical healthy functioning fish, mechanisms behind interactions are still poorly understood. Much existing research has focused on characterizing taxonomic diversity different across body (e.g. skin, gills gastrointestinal tract), response changing nutrition, environmental conditions. However, specific functional contributions (or members) remain elusive, especially or diseased fish. Here, we review current their interplay likely involvement with We also seek address identify gaps explore future prospects improving

Language: Английский

---

Review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1421 - 1451

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Abstract With the rapid growth of aquaculture production since 1980s, there has been a concomitant increase in disease outbreaks. The injudicious and/or incorrect use antimicrobial agents against diseases farmed aquatic species poses considerable threat to development and successful sustainable industry. An resistance (AMR) is an important consequence, resulting difficulty treating common bacterial populations organisms, combined with presence antibiotic residues food fish their products, leading import refusals negative impacts on international trade. To reduce frequency AMR, good effective biosecurity practices should include prudent responsible antibiotics also consider alternatives antibiotics, addition prevention management. This article reviews literature discussing scope problem pertaining use, emergence AMR discuss viable (e.g., vaccination, bacteriophages, quorum quenching, probiotics prebiotics, chicken egg yolk antibody medicinal plant derivative). We lessons learnt, from specific case studies such as vaccination salmon Norway ‘specific pathogen‐free’ seed—as primary essential part strategy.

Language: Английский

---

Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 20, 2021

Infectious diseases cause significant production losses in aquaculture every year. Since the gut microbiota plays an essential role regulating host immune system, health and physiology, altered compositions are often associated with a diseased status. However, few studies have examined association between disease severity degree of dysbiosis, especially when is not site primary infection. Moreover, there lack knowledge on whether bath treatment formalin, disinfectant commonly used to treat external infections, might affect microbiome as consequence formalin ingestion. Here we investigate, through 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, changes distal composition captive-reared cohort 80 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), bacterial skin infection due natural outbreak subsequent treatment.We identified Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi causative pathogen show that presented different from healthy individuals. A new, yet undescribed, Mycoplasma genus characterized salmon, while sick fish observed increase terms relative abundance Aliivibrio sp., strain regarded opportunistic. We also noticed positive correlation weight sp. abundance, potentially indicating beneficial effect for its host. treated was more similar those than ones.We conclude infections potential indirectly affecting microbiota. As such, optimization procedures should account that. Formalin optimal solution holistic perspective, since observe fish. suggest coupling probiotic aimed at re-establishing community. Lastly, weight, therefore encourage further investigations towards utilization biomarker monitoring other farmed species.

Language: Английский

---

Aquaculture industry prospective from gut microbiome of fish and shellfish: An overview

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 106(2), P. 441 - 469

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Abstract The microbiome actually deals with micro‐organisms that are associated indigenous body parts and the entire gut system in all animals, including human beings. These microbes linked roles involving hereditary traits, defence against diseases strengthening overall immunity, which determines health status of an organism. Considerable efforts have been made to find out diversity their taxonomic identification finfish shellfish its importance has correlated various physiological functions activities. In recent past due availability advanced molecular tools, some also on DNA sequencing these understand environmental impact other stress factors genomic structural profile. There reports use next‐generation (NGS) technology, amplicon shot‐gun approaches, bioinformatics tools count classify commensal at species level. present whole body, particularly systems shellfish, not only contributes digestion but nutrition, growth, reproduction, immune vulnerability host fish diseases. Therefore, study such microbial communities is highly relevant for development new innovative bio‐products will be a vital source build bio pharmaceutical industries, aquaculture. years, attempts discover chemical ingredients form biomolecules/bioactive compounds usefulness benefits, treatment different types disorders animals. it speculated microbiomes hold great promise as cure ailments preventive measure number infectious This kind exploration breeds miraculous definitely help accelerate drugs, biological related industries. Probiotic research skills further escalate opportunities sector. review, collect comprehensive information microbiome, functional properties, relationship diseases, status, data species‐specific metagenomics, probiotic skills. Further, emphasis carry priority basis keep healthy environment farming sector sustainable growth

Language: Английский

---

Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 470 - 470

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Aquaculture is a fast-growing food sector but plagued by plethora of bacterial pathogens that infect fish. The rearing fish at high population densities in aquaculture facilities makes them highly susceptible to disease outbreaks, which can cause significant economic loss. Thus, immunity development through vaccination against various economically important species has been extensively studied and largely accepted as reliable method for preventing infections. Vaccination studies systems are strategically associated with the environmentally sustainable management production worldwide. Historically, most licensed vaccines have developed inactivated combined adjuvants provided via immersion or injection. In comparison, live simulate whole pathogenic illness elicit strong immune response, making better suited oral immersion-based therapy methods control diseases. Advanced approaches vaccine involve targeting specific components, including use recombinant genes proteins. Vaccines produced using these techniques, some currently commercially available, appear promote higher levels than conventional vaccines. These technological advancements promising developing processes aquatic species. this review, we explore multitude on undertaken last decade well recent advances aquaculture.

Language: Английский

---

Fish disease and intestinal microbiota: A close and indivisible relationship

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 820 - 839

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Abstract The gut microbiota is currently one of the most studied ‘organs’ in animals, and fish are no exception. A complex diversity microbes, including bacteria, archaea, yeast fungus, constitute microbiota, creating a interaction with their host accomplishing multiple beneficial functions, such as food digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system, endocrine stress response. microbiota–pathogen protects by mounting colonization resistance, competing for nutrients space. Changes balance community could affect structure homeostasis, inducing dysbiosis. In addition, invading pathogens can induce dysbiosis evading host's defence barriers, acquiring from host, using metabolites produced producing toxins. this regard, understanding interactions within essential to prevent pathogen establishment host. Hence, review describes close indivisible relationships between that lead disease.

Language: Английский

---

肠道菌群在鱼类疾病和免疫中作用的研究进展

动物学研究, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 70 - 76

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Intensive aquaculture has increased the severity and frequency of fish diseases. Given functional importance gut microbiota in various facets host physiology, modulation this is a feasible strategy to mitigate emerging diseases aquaculture. To achieve this, fundamental understanding interplay among health, microbiota, invading pathogens required. This mini-review focuses on current knowledge regarding associations between diseases, dysbiosis immune responses. Furthermore, updated research disease from an ecological perspective discussed, including colonization resistance imposed by commensals strategies used overcome resistance. We also propose several directions for future research, such as exploration causal links specific taxa, identification universal microbial biomarkers rapid diagnosis.

Language: Английский

---

Microbiome diversity and dysbiosis in aquaculture

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 1077 - 1096

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

Abstract With the continuous growth of human population and associated need for high‐quality protein, aquaculture sector will be required to increase significantly in productivity. This productivity achieved through more efficient use resources like feeds, genetic improvement limiting impacts disease. One key links between animal disease is that microbial diversity, with high‐throughput sequencing technologies increasing our understanding role microorganisms play health, development physiology vertebrate invertebrate hosts alike. Increasing microbial–host interactions help avoid or manage dysbiosis systems final aim improving We review current literature, which indicates there an association diversity systems, as changes bacterial microbiomes are implicated performance, both viral origin, triggered by environmental stressors diet choice. Dysbiosis, whether form loss beneficial bacteria, expansion pathogens potentially harmful microorganisms, can used indicator tool monitoring purposes. Development management strategies towards preserving balance, including maintaining host, critical health cultured aquatic animals likely aquaculture.

Language: Английский

---