Chromosome Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(2)
Published: April 12, 2023
Language: Английский
Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(17), P. 3153 - 3168.e18
Published: Aug. 1, 2022
The centromere represents a single region in most eukaryotic chromosomes. However, several plant and animal lineages assemble holocentromeres along the entire chromosome length. Here, we compare genome organization evolution as function of type by assembling chromosome-scale holocentric genomes with repeat-based from three beak-sedge (Rhynchospora pubera, R. breviuscula, tenuis) their closest monocentric relative, Juncus effusus. We demonstrate that transition to holocentricity affected 3D architecture redefining genomic compartments, while distributing thousands units genome-wide. uncover complex pubera hides its unexpected octoploidy describe marked reduction number for tenuis, which has only two show fusions, facilitated holocentromeres, promoted karyotype diploidization. Our study thus sheds light on important aspects influenced organization.
Language: Английский
Citations
80
Chromosome Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(1)
Published: Jan. 20, 2023
Abstract Karyotypes are generally conserved between closely related species and large chromosome rearrangements typically have negative fitness consequences in heterozygotes, potentially driving speciation. In the order Lepidoptera, most investigated ancestral karyotype gene synteny is often across deep divergence, although examples of extensive genome reshuffling recently been demonstrated. The genus Leptidea has an unusual level variation rearranged sex chromosomes, but extent restructuring rest so far unknown. To explore genomes wood white ( ) complex, we generated eight assemblies using a combination 10X linked reads HiC data, improved them linkage maps for two populations common L. sinapis with distinct karyotypes. Synteny analysis revealed amount rearrangements, both compared to species, where only one three Z chromosomes was all comparisons. Most explained by fissions fusions, while translocations appear relatively rare. We further detected several segregating rearrangement polymorphisms supporting highly dynamic evolution this clade. Fusion breakpoints were enriched LINEs LTR elements, which suggests that ectopic recombination might be important driver formation new chromosomes. Our results show count alone may conceal propose Lepidoptera still underestimated due lack taxonomic sampling.
Language: Английский
Citations
35
Plant Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 311(1)
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Abstract Grasses are one of the largest angiosperm families, widespread and economically important. Variation in genome size has functional consequences is an essential parameter for understanding evolutionary patterns. In this study, we report nuclear sizes (2C values) 32 species subspecies from 27 genera Poaceae, including most its subfamilies, examined by flow cytometry. Obtained were analyzed together with chromosome numbers to give information on monoploid sets base number x mean then supplemented previously published data obtain a deeper insight into evolution grasses. Monoploid genomes < 0.6 pg/1Cx chromosomes 0.1 pg presumably characteristic subfamilies Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae Oryzoideae. The larger 1Cx values (1.2–1.8 pg) evolutionarily ‘early diverging’ Anomochlooideae Pharoideae discussed context origin grasses pan-grass whole-genome duplication. indicate that ancestral grass had size, which less than half assumed. Genome available support concept karyotype (AGK) = 12. AGK seems have been conserved some (Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae, Pharoideae, parts Pooideae), while major rearrangements lineage-specific occurred after separation BOP PACMAD clades, i.e. when diversification their begun.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13
Published: April 1, 2022
Karyotypes are characterized by traits such as chromosome number, which can change through whole-genome duplication and dysploidy. In the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), numbers vary more than 18-fold. addition, species of this group show highest diversity in terms genome size among angiosperms, well a wide variation number distribution 5S 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites. To understand its karyotypic evolution, ancestral character state reconstructions were performed for size, position rDNA Previous cytogenetic data reviewed complemented with original counts, estimates, assessed via fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH), two, seven, 10 species, respectively. Starting from an x = 15, duplications inferred prevalent evolutionary process. However, holocentric clade (subgenus ), dysploidy was identified main mechanism, typical karyotypes. The approximately 1C 12 Gbp, average 2.8 Gbp. This indicates expansion relative to other Convolvulaceae, may be linked lifestyle . Finally, sites varied mostly multiple same karyotype. feature related amplification association repeats present heterochromatin. suggest that different mechanisms acted subgenera, generating exceptional karyotypes
Language: Английский
Citations
34
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(8), P. 655 - 662
Published: April 26, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
34
New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 241(2), P. 541 - 552
Published: Nov. 20, 2023
Summary Spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) play an essential role in speciation, genome evolution and crop domestication. To be able to use the potential of CRs for breeding, plant chromosome engineering was initiated by fragmenting chromosomes X‐ray irradiation. With rise CRISPR/Cas system, it became possible induce double‐strand breaks (DSBs) a highly efficient manner at will any position. This has enabled completely new level predesigned engineering. The genetic linkage between specific genes can broken inducing translocations. Natural inversions, which suppress exchange, reverted breeding. In addition, various approaches constructing minichromosomes downsizing regular standard A or supernumerary B chromosomes, could serve as future vectors biotechnology, have been developed. Recently, functional synthetic centromere constructed. Also, different ways haploidization set up, some based on manipulations. future, we expect see even more complex rearrangements, combined with previously developed technologies such recombinases. Chromosome might help redefine groups, change number stack beneficial mini cargo up isolation avoid outcrossing.
Language: Английский
Citations
17
Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Mulberry (Morus spp.) is an economically important plant as the main food used for rearing domesticated silkworm and it has multiple uses in traditional Chinese medicine. Two basic chromosome numbers notabilis, n = 7, Morus alba, 14) have been reported genus Morus, but evolutionary history relationship between them remain unclear. In present study, a 335-Mb high-quality chromosome-scale genome was assembled wild mulberry species M. notabilis. Comparative genomic analyses indicated high chromosomal synteny 14 chromosomes of cultivated alba six These results were successfully verified by fluorescence situ hybridization. Chromosomal fission/fusion events played crucial roles restructuring process notabilis alba. The activity centromere another key factor that ensured stable inheritance chromosomes. Our also revealed long terminal repeat retrotransposons major driver divergence evolution genomes after they diverged from each other. This study provides insights solid foundation studying mulberry, allowing accelerated genetic improvement species.
Language: Английский
Citations
26
Preslia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 185 - 213
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Genome size and GC content are basic species-specific attributes often delimiting genera or higher taxa, which enable the identification of polyploidy, hybridization other modes genome karyotype evolution. The evolution these genomic traits can occur as a result selective pressure environment. Here, we reconstruct in subtribe Carduinae (Asteraceae) context changes chromosome numbers. Using flow cytometry, were estimated for 119 taxa mapped onto phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences from seven genetic markers. In addition, data compared with length stomatal guard cells achene (length, weight) to evaluate extent characters could evolve adaptively this subtribe. We found strong signals analysed phenotypic traits, delimited most clades agreement reconstructed phylogeny. Monoploid was positively correlated cell length. Cirsium, whose species focus majority analyses, large-genomed subgen. Lophiolepis had smaller cells, might be related it occurring more xeric habitats Cirsium. contrast, achenes larger, possibly response summer drought, whereas weight independent across Thus, under weak environmental control, at least that mediated by achenes. Achene content, have evolved drought. Carduus North American Cirsium there is an increase average reduction monoploid number, suggesting descending dysploidy associated chromosomal fusion. Polyploidy relatively rare confirmed only five studied, including vulgare, invasive likely originated via distant (intersubgeneric) hybridization, suggested its intermediate features combined conflict between morphology position. Phylogenetic reconstruction, differences parameters, well sizes support separation monophyletic remainder results also indicate early diverging italicum separated rest Lophiolepis+Picnomon+Notobasis clade.
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Plant history is characterized by cyclical whole genome duplication and diploidization with important biological ecological consequences. Here, we explore the of two related iconic polyploid grasses (Sporobolus alterniflorus S. maritimus), involved in a well-known example neopolyploid speciation. We report particular dynamics where an ancestral Sporobolus (n = 2x 20) duplicated 9.6-24.4 million years ago (MYA), which was followed descending dysploidy resulting unexpected base chromosome number 15). This diploidized again 2.1-6.2 MYA to form tetraploid lineage (2n 4x 60), thus reshuffling ploidy these species previously thought hexaploids. also elucidate mechanism accompanying speciation between maritimus 60) 62), from restructuring, identify key adaptive genes corresponding regions. represents critical findings decipher molecular mechanisms underlying expansion, adaptation environmental challenge invasiveness. Processes after poorly understood. authors maritimus, grasses, considered as ecosystem engineers saltmarshes.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 7, 2025
ABSTRACT In vascular plants, heterosporous lineages typically have fewer chromosomes than homosporous lineages. The underlying mechanism causing this disparity has been debated for over half a century. Although reproductive mode identified as critical to these patterns, the symmetry of meiosis during sporogenesis overlooked potential cause difference in chromosome numbers. most megasporogenesis is asymmetric, meaning one four meiotic products survives become egg. Comparatively, symmetric and all survive. important because asymmetric enables drive associated genomic changes, while cannot lead drive. Meiotic deviation from Mendelian inheritance where genetic elements are preferentially inherited by surviving egg cell, can profoundly impact (and genome) size, structure, number. Here we review how impacts number evolution lack plants their genomes, explore future approaches understand role on across land plants.
Language: Английский
Citations
0