Chromosome Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(2)
Published: April 12, 2023
Language: Английский
Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 224(2)
Published: April 13, 2023
The karyotype, or number and arrangement of chromosomes, has varying levels stability across both evolution disease. Karyotype changes often originate from DNA breaks near the centromeres which generally contain long arrays tandem repeats satellite DNA. Drosophila virilis possesses among highest relative abundances studied species, with almost half its genome composed three related 7 bp satellites. We discovered a strain D. that we infer recently underwent independent chromosome fusion events involving X Y in addition to one subsequent fission event. Here, isolate characterize four different karyotypes this believe demonstrates remarkable instability. substrains an X-autosome X-to-Y nondisjunction rate 20 × higher than reference (21% vs 1%). Finally, found overall breakage substrain compared genetically similar less This suggests abundance may play role risk Overall, introduce novel system consisting single karyotypes, will be useful for future studies instability, centromere function, sex evolution.
Language: Английский
Citations
10
New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(3), P. 918 - 927
Published: June 20, 2023
See also the Commentary on this article by Spoelhof et al ., 240 : 909–911 .
Language: Английский
Citations
10
Applications in Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4)
Published: June 4, 2024
Abstract Premise Cytotaxonomy employs chromosome visualization to study organismal relationships and evolution. Despite the critical value of cytogenetic data, cytotypes are lacking for many plant groups. Here, we present an improved approach visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns, a key lineage land plants, using dividing cells unfurling croziers (fiddleheads). Methods Results Our modified preparation incorporates brief pectinase–cellulase pretreatment, as well colchicine fixation Feulgen reaction improve staining separation chromosomes. To demonstrate this easy efficient assessment, determined sporophytic (2 n ) number three fern species: Cheilanthes mollis = 60), hypoleuca 120), Nephrolepis cordifolia 82) . Conclusions The new method presented here improves visualizations from nuclei young croziers. Fiddleheads widely accessible nature living collections worldwide, increases their suitability cytotaxonomic studies.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(4), P. 1733 - 1744
Published: Feb. 10, 2023
Summary Changes in chromosome numbers, including polyploidy and dysploidy events, play a key role eukaryote evolution as they could expediate reproductive isolation have the potential to foster phenotypic diversification. Deciphering pattern of chromosome‐number change within phylogeny currently relies on probabilistic evolutionary models. All available models assume time homogeneity, such that transition rates are identical throughout phylogeny. Here, we develop heterogeneous allow multiple regimes operate distinct parts The partition may be specified by researcher or, alternatively, identified using sequential testing approach. Once number locations shifts determined, second search phase identifies with similar dynamics, which indicate convergent evolution. Using simulations, study performance developed model detect patterns demonstrate its applicability analyzing numbers Cyperaceae plant family. extends capabilities should particularly helpful for analyses large phylogenies include subclades.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 437 - 437
Published: Feb. 8, 2023
Butterfly chromosomes are holocentric, i.e., lacking a localized centromere. Potentially, this can lead to rapid karyotypic evolution through chromosome fissions and fusions, since fragmented retain kinetic activity, while fused not dicentric. However, the actual mechanisms of butterfly genome poorly understood. Here, we analyzed chromosome-scale assemblies identify structural rearrangements between karyotypes satyrine species. For species pair Erebia ligea–Maniola jurtina, sharing ancestral diploid karyotype 2n = 56 + ZW, demonstrate high level chromosomal macrosynteny nine inversions separating these We show that formation with low number (2n 36 ZW) in aethiops was based on ten including one autosome–sex fusion, resulting neo-Z chromosome. also detected Z sex were differentially fixed conclude is dynamic satyrines, even lineage preserves number. hypothesize exceptional role speciation may be further enhanced by chromosome–autosome fusions. argue only fusions/fissions but drivers holocentromere-mediated mode speciation.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14
Published: Feb. 15, 2023
Subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L., Ts) is a geocarpic, self-fertile annual forage legume with compact diploid genome (n = x 8, 544 Mb/1C). Its resilience and climate adaptivity have made it an economically important species in Mediterranean temperate zones. Using the cultivar Daliak, we generated higher resolution sequence data, created new assembly TSUd_3.0, conducted molecular diversity analysis for copy number variant (CNV) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among 36 cultivars. TSUd_3.0 substantively improves prior assemblies Hi-C long-read covering 531 Mb, containing 41,979 annotated genes generating 94.4% BUSCO score. Comparative genomic select members of tribe Trifolieae indicated TSUd 3.0 corrects six assembly-error inversion/duplications confirmed phylogenetic relationships. synteny T. pratense , repens Medicago truncatula Lotus japonicus genomes were assessed, more distantly related M . showing levels co-linearity Ts than between its close relative Resequencing cultivars discovered 7,789,537 SNPs subsequently used assessment sequence-based clustering. Heterozygosity estimates ranged from 1% to 21% within may be influenced by admixture. Phylogenetic supported subspecific genetic structure, although indicates four or five groups, rather three recognized subspecies. Furthermore, there incidences where characterized as belonging particular subspecies clustered another when using data. These outcomes suggest that further investigation sub-specific classification morpho-physiological data needed clarify these This upgraded reference genome, complemented comprehensive cultivars, provides platform future gene functional key traits, genome-based breeding strategies adaptation agronomic performance. Pangenome analysis, in-depth intra-specific phylogenomic core collection, studies are augment knowledge genomes.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 485 - 494
Published: April 30, 2023
Phenotypic and genotypic diversity is essential needs more enhancement in different ways to achieve higher productivity better quality vegetables. The presented research aimed study the phenotypic characteristics determine genetic of F1 populations compared with colchicine mutant variants Mercy cultivar cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), held from March May 2019 at experimental field Department Agrotechnology, Islamic University Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. A total number 144 studied plants comprised 72 each two plant groups. data recorded on various parameters attained statistical analysis using paired T-test a significant P < 0.05. Comparisons between both groups included karyotypes chromosome shapes, idiograms, sequencing. results revealed that, average, taller came (93.49 cm), followed by mutants same (67.83 cm). hybrids showed early flowering (29.00 days) colchicine-treated (33.31 days). However, fruits fruit weight were (9.39 1055.39 g), populations. have chromosomes, especially arm size. An idiogram also exhibited differences length groups, while primers trnL-F trnL-R target sequences DNA sequence length. Using seeds demonstrates change character increase production. polyploidy did not occur, alterations measured arms. As result, future increased concentrations imperative obtain chromosomal mutations.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123 - 129
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: Aug. 2, 2024
Lamiales, comprising over 23,755 species across 24 families, stands as a highly diverse and prolific plant group, playing significant role in the cultivation of horticultural, ornamental, medicinal varieties. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) its subsequent post-polyploid diploidization (PPD) process represent most drastic type karyotype evolution, injecting potential for promoting diversity this lineage. However, polyploidization histories, well genome subgenome fractionation following WGD events Lamiales species, are still not investigated. In study, we constructed chromosome-level assembly Lindenbergia philippensis (Orobanchaceae) conducted comparative genomic analyses with 14 other species. L. is positioned closest to parasitic lineage within Orobanchaceae has conserved karyotype. Through combination Ks analysis syntenic depth analysis, reconstructed validated histories Our results indicated that Primulina huaijiensis underwent three rounds γ-WGT event, rather than two reported. Besides, reconfirmed shared common event (L-WGD). Subsequently, Ancestral Karyotype (LAK), 11 proto-chromosomes, elucidated evolutionary trajectory, highlighting flexible reshuffling paleogenome. We identified biased subgenomes L-WGD eight highlighted positive impacts non-WGD genes on gene family expansion. This study provides novel resources insights into polyploidy remodeling essential advancing our understanding diversification evolution.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 784 - 784
Published: March 16, 2022
Cytogenetics constitutes a branch of genetics that is focused on the cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity and genome structure, function evolution. The use modern cytogenetic approaches latest microscopes with image acquisition processing systems enables simultaneous two- or three-dimensional, multicolour visualisation both single-copy highly-repetitive sequences plant genome. data gathered using methods phylogenetic background enable tracing evolution involve changes in: (i) sizes; (ii) chromosome numbers morphology; (iii) content repetitive (iv) ploidy level. Modern such as FISH chromosome- genome-specific probes have been widely used studies diploids consequences polyploidy. Nowadays, cytogenetics complements analyses other fields cell biology linkage between genetics, molecular genomics.
Language: Английский
Citations
10