Oncogenic signaling in the adult Drosophila prostate-like accessory gland leads to activation of a conserved pro-tumorigenic program, in the absence of proliferation.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2024

Abstract Drosophila models for tumorigenesis and metastasis have revealed conserved mechanisms of signaling that are also involved in mammalian cancer. Many these use the proliferating tissues larval stages development, when highly mitotically active, or stem cells abundant. Fewer adult animals to initiate tumor formation many largely terminally differentiated postmitotic. The accessory glands prostate-like a model some aspects prostate using this tissue has been explored. In model, oncogenic was induced during proliferative stage gland raising question how activity would impact postmitotic tissue. Here, we show leads activation pro-tumorigenic program, similar observed mitotic tissues, but absence proliferation. Oncogenic hyperplasia with nuclear anaplasia aneuploidy through endoreduplication, which increases polyploidy occasionally results non-mitotic neoplastic-like extrusions. We compare gene expression changes our endocycling cancer by chemotherapy, potentially mediate recurrence after treatment. Similar pathways activated cells, suggesting provide useful progression do not involve cellular

Language: Английский

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A newly evolved gene is essential for efficient sperm entry into eggs inDrosophila melanogaster

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Abstract New genes arise through a variety of evolutionary processes and provide raw material for adaptation in the face both natural sexual selection. De novo evolved emerge from previously non-protein-coding DNA sequences, many such are expressed male reproductive structures. In Drosophila melanogaster , several putative de have essential roles spermatogenesis, but whether can also impact sperm function beyond has not been investigated. We identified gene, katherine johnson ( kj ), that is required high levels fertility. Males do express produce transfer stored normally females, these males enter eggs with severely reduced efficiency. Using tagged transgenic rescue construct, we observed KJ protein localizes to nuclear periphery various stages detectable mature sperm. These data suggest exerts an effect on development, loss which results fertilization ability. While previous bioinformatic analyses suggested gene was restricted group orthologs conserved synteny, male-biased expression, predicted features across genus, as well instances some lineages. Thus, potentially arose common ancestor subsequently role D. . Our demonstrate new aspect reproduction shaped by evolution molecular foothold further investigating mechanism entry into Article Summary How fruit fly poorly understood. Here, identify efficient fertilization. Sperm lacking this gene’s cannot eggs. The appears act during production, rather than This study illustrates how newly affect important aspects provides insights sperm-egg interactions.

Language: Английский

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Regional specialization, polyploidy, and seminal fluid transcripts in the Drosophila female reproductive tract

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(44)

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Sexual reproduction requires the choreographed interaction of female cells and molecules with sperm seminal fluid. In internally fertilizing animals, these interactions are managed by specialized tissues within reproductive tract (FRT), such as a uterus, glands, storage organs. However, somatic remain understudied, hindering insight into molecular that support fertility. Here, we report identification, characterization, analysis cell types throughout FRT in premier

Language: Английский

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Regional specialization, polyploidy, and seminal fluid transcripts in the Drosophila female reproductive tract

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

ABSTRACT Internal fertilization requires the choreographed interaction of female cells and molecules with seminal fluid sperm. In many animals, including insects, reproductive tract is physically subdivided into sections that carry out specialized functions. For example, females species have organs for sperm storage. Drosophila melanogaster a premier model system investigating aspects animal reproduction. Nevertheless, in contrast to males, much basic biology D. remains poorly understood or completely unknown. Here we use single-cell RNA-seq data situ hybridization reveal rich previously unknown cell diversity, widespread variation ploidy levels. We find so-called protein genes appear be transcribed tract, motivating re-evaluation functional evolutionary this major class proteins.

Language: Английский

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New insights into the dynamics ofde novogene origin

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 9, 2023

Abstract The evolution of genes de novo from ancestrally nongenic sequences is a significant mechanism gene origin. Many studies have focused on distant evolutionary comparisons, which bias the sample towards older that acquired important functions and been refined by selection. In this report, we focus earliest steps in origin identifying young, polymorphic transcripts may be missed other study designs. To accomplish this, sequenced tissue-specific transcriptomes much larger genotypes than used previous analyses Drosophila melanogaster . We identified 90 potential species-specific expressed male accessory glands 29 D lines derived same natural population. find most unannotated are both rare population transcribed at low abundance. Improved sampling ingroup outgroup reveals many young more one species, resulting substantial uncertainty about age phylogenetic distribution genes. Among tissue, correlates with proximity to genes, youngest being least likely occur near established This evidence suggest do not commonly evolve simply reutilizing pre-existing regulatory elements. Together, these results provide new insights into early Author Summary Genes born lost without any lasting their existence. typical longevity especially limited for – is, originate non-genic, untranscribed sequences, since genomic regions expected beneficial when transcribed. better capture biology nascent points close origin, large number genotypes. Most were very few genotypes, consistent expectation transience rapid turnover. However, showed transcription multiple suggesting combination frequency can lead us underestimate how long persist populations. several features come share longer they persist. highlights challenges reconstructing helps elucidate why some survive enough acquire selectable functions.

Language: Английский

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Identifying candidatede novogenes expressed in the somatic female reproductive tract ofDrosophila melanogaster

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2023

Most eukaryotic genes have been vertically transmitted to the present from distant ancestors. However, variable gene number across species indicates that gain and loss also occurs. While new typically originate as products of duplications rearrangements pre-existing genes, putative

Language: Английский

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Protein evidence of unannotated ORFs in Drosophila reveals unappreciated diversity in the evolution of young proteins

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 5, 2022

Abstract De novo gene origination, where a previously non-genic genomic sequence becomes genic through evolution, has been increasingly recognized as an important source of evolutionary novelty across diverse taxa. Many de genes have proposed to be protein-coding, and in several cases experimentally shown yield protein products. However, the systematic study proteins hampered by doubts regarding translation their transcripts without experimental observation Using systematic, ORF-focused mass-spectrometry-first computational approach, we identify almost 1000 unannotated open reading frames with evidence (utORFs) model organism Drosophila melanogaster , 371 which canonical start codons. To quantify comparative similarity these utORFs infer phylostratigraphic age, further develop synteny-based approach. Combining results reference datasets on tissue- life-stage-specific transcription conservation, different properties amongst utORFs. Contrary expectations, fastest-evolving are not youngest evolutionarily. We observed more brain than testis. Most identified may origin, even accounting for possibility false-negative detection. Finally, divergence after inferred origin event remains substantial, raising that turn over frequently. Our suggest there is substantial unappreciated diversity evolution: many exist appreciated; divergent trajectories; gained lost All all, single characteristic but rather complex origins trajectories proteins. Impact statement The analysis mass-spectrometry data all possible reveals evolutionarily young, distinct characters.

Language: Английский

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