BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
131(4), P. 401 - 414
Published: Oct. 9, 2023
Abstract
Background
The
interaction
between
pollution
and
endometriosis
is
a
pressing
issue
that
demands
immediate
attention.
impact
of
pollution,
particularly
air
water
or
occupational
hazards,
on
hormonal
disruption
the
initiation
remains
major
issue.
Objectives
This
narrative
review
aims
to
delve
into
intricate
connection
endometriosis,
shedding
light
how
environmental
factors
contribute
onset
severity
this
disease
and,
thus,
possible
public
health
policy
implications.
Discussion
Endocrine‐disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
in
pollutants
dysregulate
balance,
contributing
progression
gynaecological
disorder.
Air
specifically
PM2.5
PAHs,
has
been
associated
with
an
increased
risk
by
enhancing
chronic
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
imbalances.
Chemical
contaminants
work
exposures,
including
heavy
metals,
dioxins,
PCBs,
disrupt
regulation
potentially
endometriosis.
Mitigating
required
safeguard
women’s
reproductive
health.
requires
comprehensive
approach
involving
stringent
regulations,
sustainable
practices,
responsible
waste
management,
research
innovation,
awareness,
collaboration
among
stakeholders.
Conclusion
Public
policies
have
role
addressing
long‐term
commitment.
BMJ,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. e070750 - e070750
Published: Nov. 14, 2022
Endometriosis
affects
approximately
190
million
women
and
people
assigned
female
at
birth
worldwide.
It
is
a
chronic,
inflammatory,
gynecologic
disease
marked
by
the
presence
of
endometrial-like
tissue
outside
uterus,
which
in
many
patients
associated
with
debilitating
painful
symptoms.
Patients
endometriosis
are
also
greater
risk
infertility,
emergence
fatigue,
multisite
pain,
other
comorbidities.
Thus,
best
understood
as
condition
variable
presentation
effects
multiple
life
stages.
A
long
diagnostic
delay
after
symptom
onset
common,
persistence
recurrence
symptoms
despite
treatment
common.
This
review
discusses
potential
genetic,
hormonal,
immunologic
factors
that
lead
to
endometriosis,
focus
on
current
management
strategies
for
gynecologists,
general
practitioners,
clinicians
specializing
conditions
higher
risk.
examines
evidence
supporting
different
surgical,
pharmacologic,
non-pharmacologic
approaches
treating
presents
an
easy
adopt
step-by-step
strategy.
As
multisystem
disease,
should
ideally
be
offered
personalized,
multimodal,
interdisciplinary
approach.
priority
future
discovery
determining
clinically
informative
sub-classifications
predict
prognosis
enhance
prioritization.
Frontiers in Global Women s Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
3
Published: May 10, 2022
Endometriosis
is
an
inflammatory
chronic
pain
condition
caused
by
uterine
tissue
growing
outside
of
the
uterus
that
afflicts
at
least
11%
women
(and
people
assigned
female
birth)
worldwide.
This
results
in
a
substantial
burden
to
these
women,
and
society
large.
Although
endometriosis
was
first
identified
over
160
years
ago,
knowledge
gaps
remain,
including
confirmation
disease's
etiology.
Research
funding
for
limited,
with
from
bodies
like
National
Institutes
Health
(NIH)
constituting
only
0.038%
2022
health
budget—for
affects
6.5
million
US
alone
190
A
major
issue
diagnosis
frequently
delayed
because
surgery
required
histologically
confirm
diagnosis.
delay
increases
symptom
intensity,
risk
central
peripheral
sensitization
costs
disease
patient
their
nation.
Current
conservative
treatments
presumed
are
management
birth
control.
Both
methods
flawed
can
be
entirely
ineffective
reduction
suffering
or
improving
ability
work,
neither
addresses
severe
infertility
issues
higher
certain
cancers.
research
deserves
attention
befits
its
prevalence,
effects,
economic
costs.
could
improve
outcomes
introducing
less
invasive
more
timely
treatment,
options
such
as
novel
biomarkers,
nanomedicine,
microbiome
alterations.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. 1055 - 1055
Published: July 29, 2022
Endometriosis
is
a
common
gynecological
disorder
seen
in
women
and
characterized
by
chronic
pelvic
pain
infertility.
This
becoming
more
prevalent
with
increased
morbidity.
The
etiology
of
endometriosis
remains
to
be
fully
elucidated,
which
will
lead
improved
therapeutic
options.
In
this
review,
we
evaluate
the
biochemical
mechanisms
leading
oxidative
stress
their
implication
pathophysiology
endometriosis,
as
well
potential
treatments
that
target
these
processes.
A
comprehensive
exploration
previous
research
revealed
associated
elevated
reactive
oxygen
species
oxidation
products,
decreased
antioxidants
detoxification
enzymes,
dysregulated
iron
metabolism.
High
levels
contributed
inflammation,
extracellular
matrix
degradation,
angiogenesis,
cell
proliferation,
may
explain
its
role
endometriosis.
Endometriosis-associated
was
attributed
neurogenic
inflammation
feed-forward
mechanism
involving
macrophages,
pro-inflammatory
cytokines,
pain-inducing
prostaglandins.
N-acetylcysteine,
curcumin,
melatonin,
combined
vitamin
C
E
supplementation
displayed
promising
results
for
treatment
but
further
needed
use
population.
Fertility and Sterility,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(1), P. 45 - 59
Published: Feb. 22, 2023
ImportanceTo
date,
recurrent
implantation
failure
(RIF)
has
no
clear
definition
and
clearly
identified
impaired
function.
Hence,
the
term
RIF
is
currently
used
somewhat
haphazardly,
on
basis
of
clinicians’
judgment.ObjectiveInternational
experts
in
reproductive
medicine
met
July
1,
2022,
Lugano,
Switzerland,
to
review
different
facets
define
diagnosis
its
appropriate
management.Evidence
ReviewA
systematic
without
meta-analysis
studies
published
English
from
January
2015
May
2022.FindingsData
indicated
that
been
largely
overevaluated,
overdiagnosed,
overtreated
sufficient
critical
assessment
true
nature.
Our
analyses
show
extremely
uncommon—occurring
<5%
couples
with
infertility—and
reassurance
continued
conventional
therapies
are
warranted
most
cases
assisted
technology
(ART)
failure.
Although
biologic
determinants
may
exist
a
small
subset
people
infertility,
they
elude
available
tools
for
assessment.
Without
identification
underlying
etiology(ies),
it
reasonable
not
assign
this
patient
until
she
failed
at
least
3
euploid
blastocyst
transfers
(or
equivalent
number
unscreened
embryo
transfers,
adjusted
patient’s
age
corresponding
euploidy
rate).
In
addition,
other
factors
should
be
ruled
out
contribute
her
reduced
odds
sustained
implantation.
such
cases,
only
issue
considered
case
ART
because
result
multiple
necessarily
repetitive
or
persistent.
reality,
impacting
probability
further
success
very
rare
occurrence.ConclusionTrue
uncommon,
occurring
infertility.
Reassurance
cases.
It
would
seem
embryos,
age).RelevanceGiven
internationally
recognized
field
present
Lugano
meeting
our
publication
constitutes
consensus
statement.
To
judgment.
International
management.
A
2022.
Data
occurrence.
True
age).
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(12), P. 6473 - 6473
Published: June 12, 2024
Endometriosis
(EM),
a
chronic
condition
in
endometrial
tissue
outside
the
uterus,
affects
around
10%
of
reproductive-age
women,
significantly
affecting
fertility.
Its
prevalence
remains
elusive
due
to
surgical
confirmation
needed
for
diagnosis.
Manifesting
with
range
symptoms,
including
dysmenorrhea,
dyschezia,
dysuria,
dyspareunia,
fatigue,
and
gastrointestinal
discomfort,
EM
impairs
quality
life
severe
pelvic
pain
(CPP).
Psychological
manifestations,
notably
depression
anxiety,
frequently
accompany
physical
CPP
serving
as
key
mediator.
Pain
stems
from
lesions,
involving
oxidative
stress,
neuroinflammation,
angiogenesis,
sensitization
processes.
Microbial
dysbiosis
appears
be
crucial
inflammatory
mechanisms
underlying
associated
CPP,
well
psychological
symptoms.
In
this
scenario,
dietary
interventions
nutritional
supplements
could
help
manage
symptoms
by
targeting
inflammation,
microbiome.
Our
manuscript
starts
delving
into
complex
relationship
between
comorbidities.
It
subsequently
addresses
emerging
roles
microbiome,
stress
common
links
among
these
abovementioned
conditions.
Furthermore,
review
explores
how
may
influence
composition
function
reduce
inflammation
alleviate
pain,
potentially
affect
EM-associated
disorders.
Frontiers in Reproductive Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
4
Published: Aug. 9, 2022
The
intricate
interactions
between
the
host
cells,
bacteria,
and
immune
components
that
reside
in
female
reproductive
tract
(FRT)
are
essential
maintaining
homeostasis.
Much
of
our
current
knowledge
surrounding
FRT
microbiota
relates
to
vaginal
microbiota,
where
‘health’
has
long
been
associated
with
low
bacterial
diversity
Lactobacillus
dominance.
This
concept
recently
challenged
as
women
can
have
a
diverse
microbial
composition
absence
symptomatic
disease.
structures
upper
(the
endocervix,
uterus,
Fallopian
tubes,
ovaries)
distinct,
lower
biomass
microbiotas
than
vagina;
however,
existence
permanent
at
these
sites
is
disputed.
During
homeostasis,
balance
exists
bacteria
system
maintains
quiescence.
Alterations
system,
or
local
environment
may
result
perturbances
defined
dysbiosis.
inflammatory
signature
perturbed
“dysbiotic”
characterized
by
elevated
concentrations
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
cervical
fluid.
It
appears
homeostasis
be
disrupted
two
different
mechanisms:
first,
shift
toward
increased
trigger
inflammation,
second,
immunity
altered
some
manner,
which
disrupts
response
an
environmental
change.
dysbiosis
negative
effects
on
health.
review
will
examine
increasing
evidence
for
involvement
inflammation
gynecologic
conditions
such
endometriosis,
infertility,
endometrial
ovarian
cancer;
precise
mechanisms
involved
remains
speculative
present.
While
only
their
infancy,
use
antibiotics
probiotics
therapeutically
alter
being
studied
discussed
herein.
Our
understanding
intimate
relationship
its
early
days,
more
research
needed
deepen
mechanistic
this
assess
how
present
harnessed
assist
diagnosis
treatment
conditions.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 1918 - 1918
Published: May 3, 2022
Increasing
evidence
on
the
significance
of
nutrition
in
reproduction
is
emerging
from
both
animal
and
human
studies,
suggesting
a
mutual
association
between
female
fertility.
Different
“fertile”
dietary
patterns
have
been
studied;
however,
humans,
conflicting
results
or
weak
correlations
are
often
reported,
probably
because
individual
variations
genome,
proteome,
metabolome,
microbiome
extent
exposure
to
different
environmental
conditions.
In
this
scenario,
“precision
nutrition”,
namely
personalized
based
deep
phenotyping
metabolomics,
microbiome,
nutrigenetics
each
case,
might
be
more
efficient
for
infertile
patients
than
applying
generic
nutritional
approach.
review,
we
report
new
insights
into
management
patients,
discussing
main
nutrigenetic,
nutrigenomic,
microbiomic
aspects
that
should
investigated
achieve
effective
interventions.
Specifically,
will
focus
low-grade
chronic
inflammation,
which
associated
with
several
infertility-related
diseases.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 7, 2023
Endometriosis
has
been
described
by
many
different
theories
of
pathogenesis
over
the
years.
It
is
now
also
appreciated
to
be
a
state
chronic
inflammation,
and
role
immune
dysfunction
in
its
development
proven.
There
increasing
evidence
support
microbiome
formation
progression
endometriosis
via
inflammatory
pathways.
The
dysbiosis
seen
thought
both
causative
consequence
pathogenesis.
Gut,
peritoneal
fluid
female
reproductive
tract
microbiota
studied
understand
if
there
are
any
signatures
specific
endometriosis.
New
research
on
how
manipulate
for
better
detection
treatment
emerging.
Human Reproduction Update,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(6), P. 699 - 720
Published: June 23, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Estrogens
regulate
disparate
female
physiological
processes,
thus
ensuring
reproduction.
Altered
estrogen
levels
and
signaling
have
been
associated
with
increased
risks
of
pregnancy
failure
complications,
including
hypertensive
disorders
low
birthweight
babies.
However,
the
role
estrogens
in
periconceptional
period
early
is
still
understudied.
OBJECTIVE
AND
RATIONALE
This
review
aims
to
summarize
current
evidence
on
maternal
during
first
trimester
pregnancies
conceived
naturally
following
ART.
Detailed
molecular
mechanisms
related
clinical
impacts
are
extensively
described.
SEARCH
METHODS
Data
for
this
narrative
were
independently
identified
by
seven
researchers
Pubmed
Embase
databases.
The
keywords
selected:
‘estrogens’
OR
‘estrogen
level(s)’
‘serum
estradiol’
‘estradiol/estrogen
concentration’,
‘early
pregnancy’
‘first
‘preconceptional
period’
‘ART’
‘In
Vitro
Fertilization
(IVF)’
‘Embryo
Transfer’
‘Frozen
Embryo
‘oocyte
donation’
‘egg
‘miscarriage’
‘pregnancy
outcome’
‘endometrium’.
OUTCOMES
During
(defined
here
as
critical
time
window
starting
1
month
before
conception),
play
a
crucial
endometrial
receptivity,
through
activation
paracrine/autocrine
signaling.
A
derailed
estrogenic
milieu
within
seems
be
detrimental
both
natural
ART-conceived
pregnancies.
Low
non-conception
cycles
On
other
hand,
excessive
supraphysiologic
concentrations
at
LH
peak
correlate
lower
live
birth
rates
higher
complications.
In
pregnancy,
plays
massive
placentation
mainly
modulating
angiogenic
factor
expression—and
development
an
immune-tolerant
uterine
micro-environment
remodeling
function
killer
T-helper
cells.
Lower
thought
trigger
abnormal
pregnancies,
whereas
excess
worsen
outcomes.
WIDER
IMPLICATIONS
Most
available
endorses
relation
between
outcomes,
further
depicting
optimal
concentration
range
optimize
success.
how
co-operate
factors
order
maintain
fine
balance
local
tolerance
towards
developing
fetus
immune
responses
pathogens
remains
elusive.
Further
studies
highly
warranted,
also
aiming
identify
determinants
response
biomarkers
personalized
administration
regimens
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49(4), P. 1090 - 1105
Published: Feb. 6, 2023
Abstract
Endometriosis
is
a
serious,
chronic
disorder
where
endometrial
tissue
grows
outside
the
uterus,
causing
severe
pelvic
pain
and
infertility.
It
affects
11%
of
women.
multifactorial
unclear
etiology,
although
retrograde
menstruation
plays
major
role.
has
genetic
component
with
over
40
risk
factors
mapped,
their
mechanism
action
still
emerging.
New
evidence
suggests
role
for
stem/progenitor
cells,
now
that
identifying
markers
these
cells
are
available.
Recent
lineage
tracing
clearing
microscopy
3D
reconstruction
provided
new
understanding
glandular
structure,
particularly
horizontal
orientation
interconnection
basalis
glands.
sequencing
technologies,
whole
genome
DNA
revealing
somatic
mutations,
including
in
cancer
driver
genes,
normal
eutopic
endometrium
patients
endometriosis,
as
well
ectopic
endometriotic
lesions.
Methylome
offering
insight
into
regulation
genes
environmental
factors.
Single
cell
RNA
reveals
transcriptome
individual
shedding
light
on
diversity
range
cellular
subpopulations
types
present
epithelial
organoid
cultures
replicating
epithelium
providing
tractable
models
studying
endometriosis.
Organoids
derived
from
menstrual
fluid
offer
non‐invasive
source
avenue
testing
drugs
developing
personalized
medicine
treating
These
approaches
rapidly
advancing
our
endometriosis
etiology.