The dangers of irreversibility in an age of increased uncertainty: revisiting plasticity in invertebrates

Oikos, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(4)

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Plasticity in traits response to environmental conditions can increase fitness, expanding the range of environments within which a genotype generate viable and productive phenotypes, therefore when where populations persist diversify ecological space. Adaptive forms plasticity invertebrates are diverse, ranging from polyphenism diapause behavioural thermoregulation optimal foraging. Local patterns variation developmental constraints will dictate these evolves. Here we review core idea that use narrow windows by attain specific types phenotypic changes reduces their reversibility, while increasing magnitude. These tradeoffs costs effectiveness buffering variation. In particular, plastic responses or fitness predicted challenges do not materialise, environment unpredictable ways. We then explore converse trait reversibility depends on extending period for genotypes sensitive environment, but also narrows phenotypes be generated. Considering findings together, would expect costs, benefits reversible versus irreversible affect rate magnitude adaptive rapidly changing novel environments. However, such predictions have rarely been tested included theoretical models. Identifying this knowledge gap leads us propose new research directions provide deeper understanding evolution other organisms. illustrate possible through examples Drosophila adapting thermal stress.

Language: Английский

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Light and energetics at seasonal extremes limit poleward range shifts

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 530 - 536

Published: May 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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Survival of the fattest: How body fat and migration influence survival in highly seasonal environments

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 2569 - 2579

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract Energy stores and migration are important adaptations for animals in seasonal environments, but their roles may vary relative to an animal's endogenous exogenous environment. In partially migratory populations, migrants residents experience different environments; thus, the influence of energy on survival differ tactic, with potential consequences fitness. Using data from Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis sierrae ; hereafter, bighorn), we tested hypothesis that body fat (energy stores) buffers against environment, buffering capacity differs across environments experienced by high‐elevation (using a single range year‐round), traditional (making 1 round‐trip movement between high‐ low‐elevation ranges during winter) vacillating ≥2 round trips winter). We predicted that: high levels fat, would be regardless tactic; require larger survive than migrants; least influential migrants. High autumn (≥14% females ≥19% males) largely buffered harsh (survival >0.90) tactic. At lower had higher residents. Vacillating exhibited nearly 100% no detectable effect survival. Collectively, these results support differed environment highly flexible behaviours (i.e. migration) can allow decouple fat. Our work reveals synergies physiological behavioural carry fitness individuals demographic populations. Interactions among key understanding nutritional prerequisites persistence variable environments. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Microclimatic variation affects developmental phenology, synchrony and voltinism in an insect population

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(12), P. 3036 - 3048

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Abstract Temperature influences the rate of most biological processes. Nonlinearities in thermal reaction norms such processes complicate intuitive predictions how ectothermic organisms respond to naturally fluctuating temperatures, and by extension, climate warming. Additionally, developing close ground experience a highly variable microclimate landscape that often is poorly captured coarse standard data. Using butterfly population central Sweden as model, we quantified consequences small‐scale temperature variation on phenology, emergence synchrony number annual reproductive cycles (voltinism). By combining empirical performance data, project development individual green‐veined white butterflies ( Pieris napi ) across 110 sites an exceptionally high‐resolved natural landscape. We demonstrate differences among microclimates just meters apart can have large impacts neighbouring butterflies. However, when considering full from egg adult, these temporal were reduced some scenarios, due negative correlations times life stages. The caused temperatures at beginning exceed optimum for season progressed. Indeed, which optimal fast could change lifetimes butterflies, is, ‘fast’ become ‘slow’ sites. Thus, point view, there seem be no consistently microsites. Importantly, not always warmest showed unintuitive effects play important role regulation phenological voltinism insects, favoured two generations. results generally robust years three different egg‐laying dates. data organism‐relevant spatial scales nonlinear responses temperature, demonstrated population‐level locally temporarily high temperatures. suggest to—whenever possible—incorporate species‐ stage‐specific studying organisms. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Snow cover‐related camouflage mismatch increases detection by predators

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 341(4), P. 327 - 337

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Abstract Camouflage expressed by animals is an adaptation to local environments that certain express maximize survival and fitness. Animals at higher latitudes change their coat color according a seasonally changing environment, expressing white in winter darker summer. The timing of molting tightly linked the appearance disappearance snow mainly regulated photoperiod. However, due climate change, increasing mismatch observed between these species environment. Here, we conducted experiment northern Sweden, with brown decoys study how camouflage (mis)‐match influenced (1) predator attraction decoys, (2) predation events. Using camera trap data, showed mismatching attracted more predators experienced likelihood events comparison matching suggesting mismatched experience increased detection predators. These results provide insight into function seasonal need for this fitness environment exposed high seasonality. Thus, our suggest that, reduced cover, will decrease survival.

Language: Английский

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