Community-wide genome sequencing reveals 30 years of Darwin’s finch evolution

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6665)

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic architecture of adaptive traits. Using whole-genome data 3955 Darwin’s finches on Galápagos Island Daphne Major, we identified six loci large effect that explain 45% variation highly heritable beak size Geospiza fortis, a key ecological trait. The major locus supergene comprising four genes. Abrupt changes allele frequencies at accompanied strong change caused by natural selection during drought. gradual scandens occurred across 30 years as result introgressive hybridization with G. fortis . This study shows how few fitness-related trait contribute potential for rapid radiation.

Language: Английский

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Broad geographic dispersal is not a diversification driver for Emberizoidea

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The movement of species to new geographical areas has been proposed be crucial for speciation. As such, dispersal regarded as a likely explanation the variation in richness among clades. Emberizoidea are highly diverse Oscine bird clade native New World that characterized their ubiquitous distribution both ecologically and geographically, making this group ideal test how biogeographical could promote To do so, we relate rates with speciation families using combination bioregionalization analysis, ancestral area reconstruction rate estimation methods. We found superfamily arose from widespread ancestor distributed over World, its range evolution being primarily driven by contraction main cladogenetic events occurring within bioregions. Moreover, demonstrate between bioregions showed no relationship rates, suggesting spaces is not driver group. Instead, individual promoted stability prove an important at broad spatial scales families.

Language: Английский

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The Next Generation of Adaptive Radiation Studies in Plants

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 182(4), P. 245 - 262

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process that has been promulgated in some clades as explanation for species richness and disparity morphological forms across ecological gradients. Studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms causes of adaptive have largely focused on animal systems, but plant tremendous potential answer elusive questions regarding radiations. The goals this review are (1) produce a synthetic understanding radiations through studies investigated plants (2) critically reflect contemporary highlight how approaches successful well limiting, (3) outline gaps our while emphasizing ideal characteristics future questions. Thirty-five highlighted, which several supported with multiple lines evidence, such Hawaiian silverswords, lobeliads, columbines. Plant examples commonly insular, diversified Miocene or Pliocene, associated dispersal-mediated opportunities, polyploids, experienced hybridization. From those studies, general model insular proposed. limitations current reliance phylogenetic comparative detect considered, integrative approach includes phylogenetics, genomics, ecology advocated. concludes call additional needed before we fully understand radiations, they include following: do biological interactions influence what role does environmental change play generating opportunity, genetic evolution drive radiation, (4) models adequately explain process, (5) hybridization, (6) why groups not undergo after opportunity?

Language: Английский

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Drivers of species knowledge across the tree of life

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Knowledge of biodiversity is unevenly distributed across the Tree Life. In long run, such disparity in awareness unbalances our understanding life on Earth, influencing policy decisions and allocation research conservation funding. We investigated how humans accumulate knowledge by searching for consistent relationships between scientific (number publications) societal views Wikipedia) interest, species-level morphological, ecological, sociocultural factors. Across a random selection 3019 species spanning 29 Phyla/Divisions, we show that factors are most important correlates interest biodiversity, including fact useful or harmful to humans, has common name, listed International Union Conservation Nature Red List. Furthermore, large-bodied, broadly distributed, taxonomically unique receive more attention, whereas colorfulness phylogenetic proximity correlate exclusively with attention. These results highlight favoritism toward limited branches Life, priorities align. This suggests may be missing out key agenda simply because they not cultural radar.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and morphological determinants of evolutionary diversification in Darwin's finches and their relatives

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(24), P. 14020 - 14032

Published: Nov. 10, 2020

Abstract Darwin's finches are a classic example of adaptive radiation, process by which multiple ecologically distinct species rapidly evolve from single ancestor. Such evolutionary diversification is typically explained adaptation to new ecological opportunities. However, the following their dispersal Galápagos was not matched on same archipelago other lineages colonizing land birds, diversified very little in terms both number and morphology. To better understand causes underlying extraordinary variation finches, we analyze dynamics speciation trait Thraupidae, including Coerebinae (Darwin's relatives) and, closely related clade, Sporophilinae. For all traits, observe an early pulse morphological followed prolonged periods slower steady‐state rates change. The primary exception apparent recent increase rate coupled with highly variable beak morphology, potential key factor explaining this radiation. Our observations illustrate how exploitation opportunity contrasting means can produce clades similarly high yet strikingly different degrees differentiation.

Language: Английский

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Ancestral polymorphisms shape the adaptive radiation ofMetrosiderosacross the Hawaiian Islands

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(37)

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Significance Some of the most spectacular adaptive radiations plants and animals occur on remote oceanic islands, yet such are preceded by founding events that severely limit genetic variation. How genetically depauperate founder populations give rise to phenotypic ecological diversity characteristic island is not known. We generated genomic resources for Hawaiian Metrosideros ––a hyper-variable radiation woody taxa—for insights into paradox radiations. posit divergent selection differential sorting an unexpectedly rich pool ancestral variation drove diversification lineages. Recurring use ancient variants from a richer-than-expected gene may explain how lineages can diversify fill countless niches islands.

Language: Английский

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Evolvability and Macroevolution: Overview and Synthesis

Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 265 - 291

Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract Evolvability is best addressed from a multi-level, macroevolutionary perspective through comparative approach that tests for among-clade differences in phenotypic diversification response to an opportunity, such as encountered after mass extinction, entering new adaptive zone, or geographic area. Analyzing the dynamics of clades under similar environmental conditions can (partially) factor out shared external drivers recognize intrinsic evolvability, aiming analog common-garden experiment. Analyses will be most powerful when integrating neontological and paleontological data: determining among extant populations hypothesized generate large-scale, long-term contrasts evolvability clades; observing large-scale clade histories by reflect genetics development observed directly populations. However, many analyses informative on their own, explored this overview. Differences clade-level visualized diversity-disparity plots, which quantify positive negative departures productivity stochastic expectations scaled taxonomic diversification. Factors evidently promote include modularity—when selection aligns with modular structure morphological integration patterns; pronounced ontogenetic changes morphology, allometry multiphase life cycles; genome size; variety evolutionary novelties, also evaluated using lags between acquisition trait diversification, dead-clade-walking patterns may signal loss extrinsic factors excluded. High speciation rates indirectly foster vice versa. Mechanisms are controversial, but higher Cambrian, possibly early history at other times; tropics; and, marine organisms, shallow-water disturbed habitats.

Language: Английский

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What is adaptive radiation? Many manifestations of the phenomenon in an iconic lineage of Hawaiian spiders

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 107564 - 107564

Published: July 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Hybridization and Transgressive Evolution Generate Diversity in an Adaptive Radiation of Anolis Lizards

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 874 - 884

Published: April 25, 2023

Abstract Interspecific hybridization may act as a major force contributing to the evolution of biodiversity. Although generally thought reduce or constrain divergence between 2 species, can, paradoxically, promote by increasing genetic variation providing novel combinations alleles that selection can upon move lineages toward new adaptive peaks. Hybridization may, then, play key role in radiation allowing diversify into ecological space. Here, we test for signatures historical Anolis lizards Puerto Rico and evaluate hypotheses facilitating radiation—the hybrid swarm origins hypothesis syngameon hypothesis. Using whole genome sequences from all 10 species Rican anoles, calculated D f-statistics (from ABBA-BABA tests) introgression across employed multispecies network coalescent methods reconstruct phylogenetic networks allow hybridization. We then analyzed morphological data these patterns consistent with transgressive evolution, phenomenon which trait lineage is found outside range its parents. Our analyses uncovered strong evidence at multiple stages radiation, including support an ancient origin clade comprising half extant anole species. Moreover, detected significant signals ecologically important traits, head length toepad width, latter has been described innovation Anolis. [Adaptive radiation; introgression; coalescent; phenotypic evolution; network; reticulation; syngameon; segregation.]

Language: Английский

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Ecological network structure in response to community assembly processes over evolutionary time

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(23), P. 6489 - 6506

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

The dynamic structure of ecological communities results from interactions among taxa that change with shifts in species composition space and time. However, our ability to study the interplay evolutionary processes on community assembly remains relatively unexplored due difficulty measuring over long temporal scales. Here, we made use a geological chronosequence across Hawaiian Islands, representing 50 years 4.15 million ecosystem development, sample 11 arthropods their associated plant using semiquantitative DNA metabarcoding. We then examined how changed age by calculating quantitative network statistics for bipartite networks arthropod-plant associations. average number per (linkage density), ratio arthropod (vulnerability) uniformity energy flow (interaction evenness) increased significantly concert age. index specialization

Language: Английский

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