Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(10), P. e30813 - e30813
Published: May 1, 2024
Radiotherapy
is
recommended
for
the
treatment
of
brain
tumors
such
as
glioblastoma
(GBM)
and
metastases.
Various
curative
palliative
scenarios
suggest
improved
local-regional
control.
Although
underlying
mechanisms
are
not
yet
clear,
additional
therapeutic
effects
have
been
described,
including
proximity
abscopal
reactions
at
site.
Clinical
preclinical
data
that
immune
system
plays
an
essential
role
in
regulating
non-targeted
radiotherapy
GBM.
This
article
reviews
current
biological
caused
by
external
internal
radiotherapy,
how
they
might
be
applied
a
clinical
context.
Optimization
regimens
requires
assessment
complexity
host
on
activity
immunosuppressive
or
immunostimulatory
cells,
glioma-associated
macrophages
microglia.
also
discusses
recent
models
adapted
to
post-radiotherapy
responses.This
narrative
review
explores
status
responses
both
locally
via
"bystander
effect"
remotely
"abscopal
effect".
Preclinical
observations
demonstrate
unirradiated
near
far
from
irradiation
site,
can
control
tumor
response.
Nevertheless,
previous
studies
do
address
problem
its
global
context,
present
gaps
regarding
link
between
different
types
fractionation
schemes
synthesis
scientific
literature
should
help
update
critique
available
medical
knowledge.
Indirectly,
it
will
formulate
new
research
projects
based
interpretation
results
non-systematic
selection
published
studies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 2529 - 2529
Published: Feb. 21, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GB)
stands
out
as
the
most
prevalent
and
lethal
form
of
brain
cancer.
Although
great
efforts
have
been
made
by
clinicians
researchers,
no
significant
improvement
in
survival
has
achieved
since
Stupp
protocol
became
standard
care
(SOC)
2005.
Despite
multimodality
treatments,
recurrence
is
almost
universal
with
rates
under
2
years
after
diagnosis.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
progress
our
understanding
GB
pathophysiology,
particular,
importance
glioma
stem
cells
(GSCs),
tumor
microenvironment
conditions,
epigenetic
mechanisms
involved
growth,
aggressiveness
recurrence.
The
discussion
on
therapeutic
strategies
first
covers
SOC
treatment
targeted
therapies
that
shown
to
interfere
different
signaling
pathways
(pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 3040 - 3040
Published: March 6, 2024
Glioblastoma
multiforme
(GBM)
is
the
most
common
and
malignant
type
of
primary
brain
tumor
in
adults.
Despite
important
advances
understanding
molecular
pathogenesis
biology
this
past
decade,
prognosis
for
GBM
patients
remains
poor.
characterized
by
aggressive
biological
behavior
high
degrees
inter-tumor
intra-tumor
heterogeneity.
Increased
cellular
heterogeneity
may
not
only
help
more
accurately
define
specific
subgroups
precise
diagnosis
but
also
lay
groundwork
successful
implementation
targeted
therapy.
Herein,
we
systematically
review
key
achievements
pathogenesis,
mechanisms,
biomarkers
decade.
We
discuss
pathology
GBM,
including
genetics,
epigenetics,
transcriptomics,
signaling
pathways.
that
have
potential
clinical
roles.
Finally,
new
strategies,
current
challenges,
future
directions
discovering
therapeutic
targets
will
be
discussed.
EBioMedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
100, P. 104963 - 104963
Published: Jan. 5, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
is
one
of
the
most
lethal
central
nervous
systems
(CNS)
tumours
in
adults.
As
supplements
to
standard
care
(SOC),
various
immunotherapies
improve
therapeutic
effect
other
cancers.
Among
them,
tumour
vaccines
can
serve
as
complementary
monotherapy
or
boost
clinical
efficacy
with
immunotherapies,
such
immune
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
and
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T
cells
(CAR-T)
therapy.
Previous
studies
GBM
have
suggested
that
few
neoantigens
could
be
targeted
due
low
mutation
burden,
single-peptide
vaccination
had
limited
control
monotherapy.
Combining
diverse
antigens,
including
neoantigens,
tumour-associated
antigens
(TAAs),
pathogen-derived
optimizing
vaccine
design
strategy
may
help
improvement.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
current
platforms,
evaluated
potential
antigenic
targets,
challenges,
perspective
opportunities
for
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: June 6, 2024
Abstract
The
adaptability
of
glioblastoma
(GBM)
cells,
encouraged
by
complex
interactions
with
the
tumour
microenvironment
(TME),
currently
renders
GBM
an
incurable
cancer.
Despite
intensive
research,
many
clinical
trials,
patients
rely
on
standard
treatments
including
surgery
followed
radiation
and
chemotherapy,
which
have
been
observed
to
induce
a
more
aggressive
phenotype
in
recurrent
tumours.
This
failure
improve
is
undoubtedly
result
insufficient
models
fail
incorporate
components
human
brain
TME.
Research
has
increasingly
uncovered
mechanisms
tumour-TME
that
correlate
worsened
patient
prognoses,
tumour-associated
astrocyte
mitochondrial
transfer,
neuronal
circuit
remodelling
immunosuppression.
hijacked
TME
highly
implicated
driving
therapy
resistance,
further
alterations
within
resulting
from
exposure
inducing
increased
growth
invasion.
Recent
developments
improving
organoid
models,
aspects
TME,
are
paving
exciting
future
for
research
drug
development
GBM,
hopes
survival
growing
closer.
review
focuses
GBMs
their
effect
pathology
treatment
efficiency,
look
at
challenges
face
sufficiently
recapitulating
this
adaptive
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
Glioblastoma
is
a
highly
aggressive
and
invasive
tumor
that
affects
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
With
five-year
survival
rate
of
only
6.9%
median
time
eight
months,
it
has
lowest
among
CNS
tumors.
Its
treatment
consists
surgical
resection,
subsequent
fractionated
radiotherapy
concomitant
adjuvant
chemotherapy
with
temozolomide.
Despite
implementation
clinical
interventions,
recurrence
common
occurrence,
over
80%
cases
arising
at
edge
resection
cavity
few
months
after
treatment.
The
high
location
glioblastoma
indicate
need
for
better
understanding
peritumor
brain
zone
(PBZ).
In
this
review,
we
first
describe
main
radiological,
cellular,
molecular
biomechanical
tissue
features
PBZ;
subsequently,
discuss
its
current
management,
potential
local
therapeutic
approaches
future
prospects.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(4), P. 1973 - 1973
Published: Feb. 6, 2024
The
dysregulation
of
the
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
(PI3K)
pathway
can
lead
to
uncontrolled
cellular
growth
and
tumorigenesis.
Targeting
PI3K
its
downstream
substrates
has
been
shown
be
effective
in
preclinical
studies
phase
III
trials
with
approval
several
inhibitors
by
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
over
past
decade.
However,
limited
clinical
efficacy
these
inhibitors,
intolerable
toxicities,
acquired
resistances
limit
application
inhibitors.
This
review
discusses
signaling
pathway,
alterations
causing
carcinogenesis,
current
novel
adverse
effects,
resistance
mechanisms,
challenging
issues,
future
directions
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 740 - 740
Published: Feb. 10, 2024
ALA
PDT,
first
approved
as
a
topical
therapy
to
treat
precancerous
skin
lesions
in
1999,
targets
the
heme
pathway
selectively
cancers.
When
provided
with
excess
ALA,
fluorescent
photosensitizer
PpIX
accumulates
primarily
cancer
tissue,
and
PDD
is
used
identify
bladder
brain
cancers
visual
aid
for
surgical
resection.
PDT
has
shown
promising
anecdotal
clinical
results
recurrent
glioblastoma
multiforme.
SDT
represents
noninvasive
way
activate
potential
achieve
success
treatment
of
both
intracranial
extracranial
This
review
describes
creation
evolution
from
malignant
tumors
and,
most
recently,
into
form
SDT.
Current
trials
high-grade
gliomas
adults,
pediatric
trial
lethal
brainstem
cancer,
diffuse
intrinsic
pontine
glioma
(DIPG),
are
also
described.
