Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometry

Journal of Plankton Research, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 119 - 137

Published: Oct. 28, 2009

Global increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperature are associated with changes ocean chemistry circulation, altering light nutrient regimes. Resulting phytoplankton community structure expected to have a cascading effect on primary export production, food web dynamics the of marine as well biogeochemical cycling carbon bio-limiting elements sea. A review current literature indicates cell size elemental stoichiometry often respond predictably abiotic conditions follow biophysical rules that link environmental growth rates, rates interactions, consequently elements. This suggests promising ecophysiological traits for modelling tracking response climate change. In turn, these further impacts through yet poorly understood secondary processes trophic dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Emergent Biogeography of Microbial Communities in a Model Ocean

Science, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 315(5820), P. 1843 - 1846

Published: March 30, 2007

A marine ecosystem model seeded with many phytoplankton types, whose physiological traits were randomly assigned from ranges defined by field and laboratory data, generated an emergent community structure biogeography consistent observed global distributions. The modeled organisms included types analogous to the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus . Their distributions properties simultaneously correspond observations. This flexible representation of can be used explore relations between ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, climate change.

Language: Английский

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PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 2465 - 2513

Published: Aug. 13, 2015

Abstract. PISCES-v2 (Pelagic Interactions Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies volume 2) is a biogeochemical model which simulates the lower trophic levels of marine ecosystems (phytoplankton, microzooplankton mesozooplankton) cycles carbon main nutrients (P, N, Fe, Si). The intended to be used both regional global configurations at high or low spatial resolutions as well short-term (seasonal, interannual) long-term (climate change, paleoceanography) analyses. There are 24 prognostic variables (tracers) including two phytoplankton compartments (diatoms nanophytoplankton), zooplankton size classes (microzooplankton description carbonate chemistry. Formulations in based on mixed Monod–quota formalism. On one hand, stoichiometry C / N P fixed growth rate limited by external availability Si. other iron silicon quotas variable internal Fe. Various parameterizations can activated PISCES-v2, setting, instance, complexity chemistry particulate organic materials. So far, has been coupled Nucleus European Modelling Ocean (NEMO) Regional Modeling System (ROMS) systems. A full its optional functionalities provided here. results quasi-steady-state simulation presented evaluated against diverse observational satellite-derived data. Finally, some new tested series sensitivity experiments.

Language: Английский

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How zooplankton feed: mechanisms, traits and trade-offs

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 86(2), P. 311 - 339

Published: Aug. 15, 2010

Zooplankton is a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group includes organisms that vary in size by many orders of magnitude, but they are all faced with the common problem collecting food from very dilute suspension. In order to maintain viable population face mortality, zooplankton ocean have clear daily volume ambient water for prey particles equivalent about 106 times their own body volume. While most size-specific vital rates mortality decline size, clearance requirement largely size-independent because availability also declines size. There limited number solutions concentrating sticky medium: passive active ambush feeding; feeding-current feeding, where either intercepted directly, retained on filter, or individually perceived extracted feeding current; cruise colonization large marine snow aggregates. The basic mechanics these food-collection mechanisms described, it shown efficiencies inherently different each becomes less efficient increasing Mechanisms compensate this efficiency including inflation structures development vision. Each mode has implications beyond terms risk encountering predators chance meeting mates, partly target types prey. main dichotomy between (inefficient) motile more modes; secondary (efficient) hovering (less efficient) cruising modes. various modes traded off against feeding-mode-dependent metabolic expenses, predation risks, mating chances. optimality strategies, evaluated as ratio gain over risk, varies environment, may explain both size-dependent spatio-temporal differences distributions well other aspects biology (mating behaviour, predator defence strategies).

Language: Английский

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The re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 44 - 66

Published: May 18, 2016

Language: Английский

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Misuse of the phytoplankton–zooplankton dichotomy: the need to assign organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types

Journal of Plankton Research, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 3 - 11

Published: Sept. 12, 2012

The classic portrayal of plankton is dominated by phytoplanktonic primary producers and zooplanktonic secondary producers. In reality, many if not most traditionally labelled as phytoplankton or microzooplankton should be identified mixotrophs, contributing to both production. Mixotrophic protists (i.e. single-celled eukaryotes that perform photosynthesis graze on particles) do represent a minor component the plankton, some form inferior representatives past evolution protists; they major extant protist one which could become more dominant with climate change. implications for this mistaken identification, incorrect labelling mixotrophs "phytoplankton" "microzooplankton", are great. It extends from (mis)use photopigments indicators production performed strict photoautotrophs rather than also (co)locating mixotrophic activity, through inadequacy functional type descriptions in models (noting individual organism simple sum phototrophy heterotrophy). We propose mixotrophy recognized contributor dynamics, due effort expended field laboratory studies, no longer side-lined conceptual food webs mathematical models.

Language: Английский

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An overview of ecological status, vulnerability and future perspectives of European large shallow, semi-enclosed coastal systems, lagoons and transitional waters

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 95 - 122

Published: June 14, 2013

Language: Английский

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Environmental control of open‐ocean phytoplankton groups: Now and in the future

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 55(3), P. 1353 - 1376

Published: April 13, 2010

Climate change will alter concurrently many environmental factors that exert control over oceanic phytoplankton. Recent laboratory culture work, shipboard experiments, and field surveys reveal remaining unknowns about the bottom‐up controls for five globally important algal groups. Increasing uncertainties exist, respectively, picocyanobacteria, diatoms, Phaeocystis spp., N 2 ‐fixing cyanobacteria, coccolithophores. This missing information current hinder progress in modeling how these phytoplankton be influenced by climate change. A review of conceptual approaches used to elucidate relationship between dominance, from Margalef's mandala functional traits, uncovered limitations regarding their application climate‐change scenarios. For example, previous have insufficient scope or dimensions take into account confounding effects synergistic antagonistic interactions multiple variables. new approach is needed considers all different properties altered while at same time permitting a subset most significant specific group isolated evaluated factorial matrix perturbation experiments. We advocate three interlinked approaches, including clusters incorporate (temperature, CO , light, nutrients, trace metals), which both present‐day floristics By carefully linking holistic reductionist experimental design, future responses open‐ocean groups complex, rapidly changing environment can better predicted.

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 133 - 142

Published: Nov. 26, 2015

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms that determine how phytoplankton adapt to warming will substantially improve realism of models describing ecological and biogeochemical effects climate change. Here, we quantify evolution elevated thermal tolerance in phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris . Initially, population growth was limited at higher temperatures because respiration more sensitive temperature than photosynthesis meaning less carbon available for growth. Tolerance high evolved after ≈ 100 generations via greater down‐regulation relative photosynthesis. By down‐regulating respiration, overcame metabolic constraint imposed by sensitivity efficiently allocated fixed Rapid carbon‐use efficiency provides a potentially general mechanism adaptation implies evolutionary responses modify cycles hence food web structure function under warming. Models futures ignore would usefully be revisited.

Language: Английский

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Globally Consistent Quantitative Observations of Planktonic Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 25, 2019

In this paper we review on the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles, in general, and plankton, particular, world oceans, for sizes varying from sub-micron centimeters. Some these have been years while others only recently emerged. Use is critical improve understanding processes that control abundances, distributions composition provide data necessary constrain ecosystem biogeochemical models, forecast changes marine ecosystems light climate change. begin by providing motivation plankton observations, quantification diversity qualification a global scale. We then expand state-of-the-art, detailing variety relevant (mostly) mature measurements, including bulk measurements pigment composition, uses genomic, optical, acoustical methods analysis using particles counters, flow cytometers imaging devices. follow highlighting requirements observing system, approach achieve it associated challenges. conclude with ranked action-item recommendations next ten move towards our vision holistic ocean-wide system. Particularly, suggest demonstration project GO-SHIP line and/or long-term observation site there ensuring issues methods, tools, analysis, quality assessment curation are addressed early implementation. Global coordination key success will bring new insights nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries, carbon sequestration.

Language: Английский

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