Resistance genes on the verge of plant–virus interaction

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 1242 - 1252

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the complex gene interaction networks between rice and the blast fungus identifies a new pathogen effector

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. e3001945 - e3001945

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Studies focused solely on single organisms can fail to identify the networks underlying host-pathogen gene-for-gene interactions. Here, we integrate genetic analyses of rice (Oryza sativa, host) and blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae, pathogen) uncover a new pathogen recognition specificity nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat protein (NLR) immune receptor Pik, which mediates resistance M. oryzae expressing avirulence effector gene AVR-Pik. Rice Piks-1, encoded by an allele Pik-1, recognizes previously unidentified AVR-Mgk1, is found mini-chromosome. AVR-Mgk1 has no sequence similarity known AVR-Pik effectors prone deletion from mini-chromosome mediated repeated Inago2 retrotransposon sequences. detected Piks-1 other Pik-1 alleles recognize effectors; binding integrated heavy metal-associated (HMA) alleles. Our findings highlight how complex interaction be disentangled applying forward genetics approaches simultaneously host pathogen. We demonstrate dynamic coevolution between NLR multiple families proteins.

Language: Английский

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Solanum americanum genome-assisted discovery of immune receptors that detect potato late blight pathogen effectors

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(9), P. 1579 - 1588

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Abstract Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) and tomato lycopersicon crops suffer severe losses to late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans . americanum , a relative of potato tomato, is globally distributed most accessions are highly resistant. We generated high-quality reference genomes four S. accessions, resequenced 52 defined pan-NLRome immune receptor genes. further screened for variation in recognition 315 P. RXLR effectors accessions. Using these genomic phenotypic data, we cloned three NLR-encoding genes, Rpi-amr4 R02860 R04373 that recognize cognate PITG_22825 AVRamr4 ), PITG_02860 PITG_04373 These resources methodologies will support efforts engineer potatoes with durable resistance can be applied diseases other crops.

Language: Английский

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An atypical NLR protein modulates the NRC immune receptor network in Nicotiana benthamiana

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e1010500 - e1010500

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

The NRC immune receptor network has evolved in asterid plants from a pair of linked genes into genetically dispersed and phylogenetically structured sensor helper NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins. In some species, such as the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana other Solanaceae, (NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH) forms up to half NLRome, NRCs are scattered throughout genome gene clusters varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical member family that lacks canonical features these proteins, functional N-terminal MADA motif capacity trigger autoimmunity. contrast NRCs, systemic silencing NRCX N . markedly impairs growth resulting dwarf phenotype. Remarkably, dwarfism silenced is partially dependent on paralogs NRC2 NRC3, but not NRC4. Despite its negative impact when systemically, spot mature leaves doesn’t result visible cell death phenotypes. However, alteration expression modulates hypersensitive response mediated by NRC3 manner consistent with role for network. We conclude contribute homeostasis this unlinked

Language: Английский

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Superoxide signalling and antioxidant processing in the plant nucleus

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(15), P. 4599 - 4610

Published: March 8, 2024

The superoxide anion radical (O2·-) is a one-electron reduction product of molecular oxygen. Compared with other forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), has limited reactivity. Nevertheless, reacts nitric oxide, ascorbate, and the iron moieties [Fe-S] cluster-containing proteins. Superoxide largely been neglected as signalling molecule in plant literature favour most stable ROS form, hydrogen peroxide. However, can accumulate cells, particularly meristems, where dismutase activity ascorbate accumulation are (or absent), or when generated within lipid environment membranes. Moreover, oxidation nucleus response to environmental stresses widespread phenomenon. many intracellular compartments including mitochondria, chloroplasts, on apoplastic/cell wall face plasma membrane. nuclear production functions remain poorly documented plants. Accumulating evidence suggests that pools antioxidants such glutathione discrete separate from cytosolic pools, allowing compartment-specific nucleus. We consider potential mechanisms generation targets nucleus, together importance antioxidant processing regulating signalling.

Language: Английский

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Redox signaling and oxidative stress in systemic acquired resistance

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(15), P. 4535 - 4548

Published: May 2, 2024

Abstract Plants fully depend on their immune systems to defend against pathogens. Upon pathogen attack, plants not only activate responses at the infection site but also trigger a defense mechanism known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in distal tissues prevent subsequent infections by broad-spectrum of SAR is induced mobile signals produced site. Accumulating evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play central role signaling. ROS burst one earliest cellular following and can spread through membrane-associated NADPH oxidase-dependent relay production ROS. It well ignite redox signaling and, when excess, cause oxidative stress, damaging components. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regulation several We discuss amplification loop involving multiple signals. Moreover, highlight essential stress generating including azelaic acid extracellular NAD(P) [eNAD(P)]. Finally, propose eNAD(P) damage-associated molecular pattern serving converging point tissues.

Language: Английский

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Complete genome assembly provides a high‐quality skeleton for pan‐NLRome construction in melon

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 118(6), P. 2249 - 2268

Published: March 2, 2024

SUMMARY Melon ( Cucumis melo L.), being under intensive domestication and selective breeding, displays an abundant phenotypic diversity. Wild germplasm with tolerance to stress represents untapped genetic resource for discovery of disease‐resistance genes. To comprehensively characterize resistance genes in melon, we generate a telomere‐to‐telomere (T2T) gap‐free genome wild melon accession PI511890 C. var. chito ) total length 375.0 Mb contig N50 31.24 Mb. The complete allows us dissect architecture identify gene analogs. We construct pan‐NLRome using seven genomes, which include 208 variable 18 core nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Multiple disease‐related transcriptome analyses indicate that most up‐regulated NLRs induced by pathogens are shell or cloud NLRs. T2T assembly the not only serve as essential resources genomic studies molecular breeding but also provide insights into NLR

Language: Английский

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Widespread premature transcription termination of Arabidopsis thaliana NLR genes by the spen protein FPA

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 27, 2021

Genes involved in disease resistance are some of the fastest evolving and most diverse components genomes. Large numbers nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes found plant genomes required for resistance. However, NLRs can trigger autoimmunity, disrupt beneficial microbiota or reduce fitness. It is therefore crucial to understand how controlled. Here, we show that RNA-binding protein FPA mediates widespread premature cleavage polyadenylation NLR transcripts, thereby controlling their functional expression impacting immunity. Using long-read Nanopore direct RNA sequencing, resolved complexity transcript processing gene annotation. Our results uncover a co-transcriptional layer control with implications understanding regulatory evolutionary dynamics immune responses plants.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking plant metabolic diversity: A (pan)-genomic view

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 100300 - 100300

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Plants produce a remarkable diversity of structurally and functionally diverse natural chemicals that serve as adaptive compounds throughout their life cycles. However, unlocking this metabolic is significantly impeded by the size, complexity, abundant repetitive elements typical plant genomes. As genome sequencing becomes routine, we anticipate links between genetic variation will be strengthened. In addition, an ever-increasing number genomes have revealed biosynthetic gene clusters are not only hallmark microbes fungi; for various classes also been found in plants, many associated with important agronomic traits. We present recent examples diversification discovered through exploration exploitation genomic pan-genomic data. draw attention to fundamental basis chemodiversity discuss challenges future perspectives investigating coming pan-genomics era.

Language: Английский

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N-hydroxypipecolic acid triggers systemic acquired resistance through extracellular NAD(P)

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting broad-spectrum plant defense mechanism induced in distal systemic tissues by mobile signals generated at the primary infection site. Despite discoveries of multiple potential signals, how these cooperate to trigger downstream SAR signaling unknown. Here, we show that endogenous extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [eNAD(P)] accumulates systemically upon pathogen and both eNAD(P) lectin receptor kinase (LecRK), LecRK-VI.2, are required for establishment SAR. Moreover, putative e.g., N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), de novo accumulation largely through respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOHF-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, NHP-induced immunity mainly depends on ROS, eNAD(P), BAK1, indicating NHP induces primarily ROS-eNAD(P)-LecRK-VI.2/BAK1 pathway. Our results suggest converge LecRK-VI.2.

Language: Английский

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