Architecture of the dynamic fungal cell wall

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 248 - 259

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Roles of RNA silencing in viral and non-viral plant immunity and in the crosstalk between disease resistance systems

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 645 - 662

Published: June 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plant Small RNAs: Their Biogenesis, Regulatory Roles, and Functions

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 21 - 51

Published: March 1, 2023

Plant cells accumulate small RNA molecules that regulate plant development, genome stability, and environmental responses. These RNAs fall into three major classes based on their function mechanisms of biogenesis—microRNAs, heterochromatic interfering RNAs, secondary RNAs—plus several other less well-characterized categories. Biogenesis each class requires a pathway factors, some specific to others involved in multiple pathways. Diverse sequenced genomes, along with rapid developments sequencing, imaging, genetic transformation techniques, have enabled significant progress understanding the biogenesis, functions, evolution including those had been poorly characterized because they were absent or low representation Arabidopsis ( thaliana). Here, we review recent findings about discuss our current biogenesis mechanisms, targets, modes action, mobility, functions species, economically important crops.

Language: Английский

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Nicked tRNAs are stable reservoirs of tRNA halves in cells and biofluids

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(4)

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Nonvesicular extracellular RNAs (nv-exRNAs) constitute the majority of RNAome, but little is known about their stability, function, and potential use as disease biomarkers. Herein, we measured stability several naked when incubated in human serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We identified extracellularly produced tRNA-derived small (tDRs) with half-lives hours CSF. Contrary to widespread assumptions, these intrinsically stable are full-length tRNAs containing broken phosphodiester bonds (i.e., nicked tRNAs). Standard molecular biology protocols, including phenol-based RNA extraction heat, induce artifactual denaturation consequent vitro production tDRs. Broken roadblocks for reverse transcriptases, preventing amplification and/or sequencing native state. To solve this, performed enzymatic repair purified under conditions, harnessing intrinsic activity phage bacterial tRNA systems. Enzymatic regenerated an RNase R-resistant tRNA-sized band northern blot enabled RT-PCR tRNAs. also separated from tDRs by chromatographic methods identifying inside stressed cells vesicle-depleted biofluids. Dissociation produces single-stranded that can be spontaneously taken up epithelial cells, positioning nv-exRNAs potentially relevant players intercellular communication pathways.

Language: Английский

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Plant-derived nanovesicles: Current understanding and applications for cancer therapy

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22, P. 365 - 383

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Plant-derived vesicles (PDVs) are membranous structures that originate from plant cells and responsible for multiple physiological pathological functions. In the last decade, PDVs have gained much attention their involvement in different biological processes, including intercellular communication defense response, recent scientific evidence has opened a new avenue applications cancer treatment. Nevertheless, remains unknown about these vesicles, current research inconsistent. This review aims to provide comprehensive introduction PDVs, characteristics purification methods, summarize status of potential development therapy.

Language: Английский

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Unpacking extracellular vesicles: RNA cargo loading and function

Journal of Extracellular Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(5)

Published: May 1, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs carry range biological cargoes, including RNA, protein, lipids, which may have both metabolic significance signalling potential. EV release has been suggested to play critical role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis eliminating unnecessary material from producing cells, as delivery system enable cellular communication between neighbouring distant cells without physical contact. In this review, we give an overview what is known about the relative enrichment different types RNA that associated with most recent research efforts. We then examine selective non-selective incorporation these biotypes into EVs, molecular systems sorting elucidated so far, process EV-producing Finally, also discuss model providing evidence for EV-mediated recipient implications relevance physiological pathological scenarios.

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms underlying host-induced gene silencing

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(9), P. 3183 - 3199

Published: June 6, 2022

Abstract Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) refers to the of genes in pathogens and pests by expressing homologous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) or artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) host plant. The discovery such trans-kingdom RNA has enabled development interference-based approaches for controlling diverse crop pests. Although HIGS is a promising strategy, mechanisms which these regulatory translocate from plants pathogens, how they induce are poorly understood. This lack understanding led large variability efficacy various treatments. likely due multiple factors, as ability target pathogen pest take up and/or process host, specific sequences selected silencing, where, when, dsRNAs amiRNAs produced translocated. In this review, we summarize what currently known about molecular underlying HIGS, identify key unanswered questions, explore strategies improving reproducibility treatments control diseases.

Language: Английский

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Identification, biogenesis, function, and mechanism of action of circular RNAs in plants

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 100430 - 100430

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded, closed RNA molecules with unique functions that ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotes. The biogenesis circRNAs is regulated by specific cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors humans animals. mainly exert their biological acting as microRNA sponges, forming R-loops, interacting RNA-binding proteins, or being translated into polypeptides proteins human animal cells. Genome-wide identification has been performed multiple plant species, the results suggest abundant plants. There emerging compelling evidence to play essential roles during growth development well responses biotic abiotic stress. However, compared recent advances systems, most plants unclear at present. Here we review identification, biogenesis, function, mechanism action circRNAs, which will provide fundamental understanding characteristics complexity

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: cross-organismal RNA trafficking in plants, microbes, and mammalian cells

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 262 - 282

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanometer-scale particles that transport biological materials such as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. EVs have been discovered in nearly all kingdoms of life a form cellular communication across different cells between interacting organisms. EV research has primarily focused on EV-mediated intra-organismal mammals, which led to the characterization plethora contents from diverse cell types with distinct impactful physiological effects. In contrast, into plants inter-organismal interactions microbes. However, overall molecular content functions plant microbial remain largely unknown. Recent studies plant-pathogen interface demonstrated produce secrete small RNAs pathogen silence virulence-related genes. Plant-interacting microbes bacteria fungi also metabolites, potentially enhance their virulence. This review will focus recent advances communications compared current state knowledge mammalian capabilities highlight role cross-kingdom RNA interference.

Language: Английский

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Improving RNA-based crop protection through nanotechnology and insights from cross-kingdom RNA trafficking

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102441 - 102441

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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