The effect of area and isolation on insular dwarf proboscideans DOI
Alexandra van der Geer, Gerrit D. van den Bergh, George Lyras

et al.

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 43(8), P. 1656 - 1666

Published: March 11, 2016

Abstract Aim We investigated the hypothesis that insular body size of fossil elephants is directly related to isolation and surface area focal islands. Location Palaeo‐islands worldwide. Methods assembled data on geographical characteristics (area isolation) islands evolution palaeo‐insular species for 22 across 17 Results Our results support generality island rule in sense all but one experienced dwarfism The smallest generally harbour elephants. found no declines with isolation. Body weakly positively correlated proboscideans as a whole, more strongly Stegodontidae when considered separately. Average decrease much higher competitors are present. Main conclusions not significantly an island. Surface area, however, significant predictor size. correlation positive relatively weak; c . 23% variation explained by area. seems most influenced ecological interactions competitors, possibly followed time Elephants exhibited far extreme cases than extant mammals, which consistent substantially extended period deep geological selective pressures could act these populations.

Language: Английский

An estimate of the number of tropical tree species DOI Creative Commons
Ferry Slik, Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez, Shin‐ichiro Aiba

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(24), P. 7472 - 7477

Published: June 1, 2015

Significance People are fascinated by the amazing diversity of tropical forests and will be surprised to learn that robust estimates number tree species lacking. We show there at least 40,000, but possibly more than 53,000, in tropics, contrast only 124 across temperate Europe. Almost all restricted their respective continents, Indo-Pacific region appears as species-rich America, with each these two regions being almost five times rich African forests. Our study shows most extremely rare, meaning they may under serious risk extinction current deforestation rates.

Language: Английский

Citations

417
Tectonic evolution of Sundaland DOI Open Access
Ian Metcalfe

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 27 - 60

Published: June 1, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

214
Diversification in vipers: Phylogenetic relationships, time of divergence and shifts in speciation rates DOI
Laura R. V. Alencar, Tiago B. Quental, Felipe G. Grazziotin

et al.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 105, P. 50 - 62

Published: July 30, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

213
Recent origin and rapid speciation of Neotropical orchids in the world's richest plant biodiversity hotspot DOI Creative Commons
Oscar A. Pérez‐Escobar, Guillaume Chomicki, Fabien L. Condamine

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 215(2), P. 891 - 905

Published: June 20, 2017

Summary The Andean mountains of South America are the most species‐rich biodiversity hotspot worldwide with c . 15% world's plant species, in only 1% land surface. Orchids a key element flora, and one prominent components Neotropical epiphyte diversity, yet very little is known about their origin diversification. We address this knowledge gap by inferring biogeographical history diversification dynamics two largest orchid groups (Cymbidieae Pleurothallidinae), using unparalleled, densely sampled phylogenies (including more than 400 newly generated DNA sequences), comparative phylogenetic methods, geological biological datasets. find that majority lineages originated last 20–15 million yr. derived from lowland Amazonian ancestors, additional contributions Central Antilles. Species correlated orogeny, multiple migrations recolonizations across Andes indicate do not constrain dispersal over long timescales. Our study sheds new light on timing geography major diversification, suggests mountain uplift promotes species all elevational zones.

Language: Английский

Citations

198
Tectonic evolution and deep mantle structure of the eastern Tethys since the latest Jurassic DOI
Sabin Zahirovic, Kara J. Matthews, Nicolas Flament

et al.

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 293 - 337

Published: Sept. 14, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

194
A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megadiverse Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries DOI Creative Commons
Kristina von Rintelen, Evy Arida, Christoph L. Häuser

et al.

Research Ideas and Outcomes, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Sept. 11, 2017

Indonesia is one of the ten member states economically and politically diverse regional organization Association Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Asia comprises four 25 global biodiversity hotspots, three 17 megadiverse countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines) most coral reefs in world. All are Parties to Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We discuss ASEAN-wide joint activities nature conservation sustainable use that do not stop at national borders. The Indonesian archipelago two world’s hotspots (areas with a high degree endemic species highly threatened by loss habitats): Its insular character complex geological history led evolution fauna flora scale. importance biodiversity, e.g., traditional medicine agriculture, deep-rooted society. Modern pathways include new fields application technology, pharmacy economy along environmental policies. This development occurred only but also other biodiversity-rich tropical countries. review summarizes discusses unique from different angles (science, society, policy, bioeconomy) brings it into context within ASEAN region. preconditions each state for biodiversity-related rather diverse. Much was done improve conditions research several countries, primarily those promising economic development. However, as whole still has further potential more initiatives. Especially highest beyond, likewise risk loss. conclude taken full advantage this yet. A growing interest local natural resource welcome hand, too many restrictions for, science community (high level bureaucracy all project stages planning phase, visa procedures, field work permits, scientific exchange managment issues, governmental budget cuts basic restricted access international literature researchers) does significantly hamper internationalization science. In long run, find balance between protectionism sensible its tackle challenges conservation, health food security, climate change.

Language: Английский

Citations

189
Biotic interchange between the Indian subcontinent and mainland Asia through time DOI Creative Commons
Sebastian Klaus, Robert J. Morley, Martin Plath

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 4, 2016

Biotic interchange after the connection of previously independently evolving floras and faunas is thought to be one key factors that shaped global biodiversity as we see it today. However, was not known how biotic develops over longer time periods several million years following secondary contact different biotas. Here present a novel method investigate temporal dynamics based on phylogeographical meta-analysis by calculating maximal number observed dispersal events per given uncertainty underlying time-calibrated phylogenies. We show influx from mainland Asia onto Indian subcontinent Eocene continental collision uniform process, but subject acceleration, stagnancy decrease. discuss potential palaeoenvironmental causes for this fluctuation.

Language: Английский

Citations

159
Assembly and division of the South and South-East Asian flora in relation to tectonics and climate change DOI
Robert J. Morley

Journal of Tropical Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 209 - 234

Published: July 1, 2018

Abstract: The main phases of plant dispersal into, and out the South-East Asian region are discussed in relation to plate tectonics changing climates. area was a backwater angiosperm evolution until collision Indian Plate with Asia during early Cenozoic. Late Cretaceous remains poorly understood, but Paleocene topography mountainous, climate probably seasonally dry, result that frost-tolerant conifers were common upland areas low-diversity East aspect flora occurred at low altitudes. India's drift into perhumid latitudes Eocene brought opportunities for diverse groups megathermal angiosperms which originated West Gondwana. They successfully dispersed became established across region, initially carried by wind or birds, beginning about 49 Ma, terrestrial connection after 41 Ma. Many lineages went extinct, few opposite direction India. Oligocene time dry climates except along eastern southern seaboard Sundaland, Australian Sunda end widespread conditions region. uplift Himalaya, coinciding middle Miocene thermal maximum, created evergreen taxa disperse north India, then late strengthening monsoon, expanded India Indochina, resulting eventually disappearance closed forest over much peninsula. This drying affected Sunda, it is thought unlikely ‘savanna’ corridor present Pleistocene. Some dispersals from Australasia following its New Guinea islands Wallacea, Gondwanan montane also found their way Phases allopatric speciation further opportunities. There abundant evidence suggest Pleistocene refuge theory applies

Language: Английский

Citations

150
Process, Mechanism, and Modeling in Macroecology DOI
Sean R. Connolly, Sally A. Keith, Robert K. Colwell

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 32(11), P. 835 - 844

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

140
The Evolution of Suidae DOI
Laurent Frantz, Erik Meijaard, Jaime Gongora

et al.

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 61 - 85

Published: Nov. 3, 2015

The Suidae are a family of Cetartiodactyla composed 17 species classified in minimum five extant genera that originated at least 20 million years ago. Their success is evident the multitude habitats which they found as both natural and feral populations tropical Island Southeast Asia, high plateau Himalayas, Siberia, North Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia, Americas. Morphological molecular analyses these have revealed numerous aspects their biology, including ease with many lineages continue to hybridize. This trait has made them an ideal model for evolutionary biologists. Suid also shared deep history humans, from association early hominids Africa domestication. Here we review current knowledge this fascinating group provide comprehensive Oligocene present day.

Language: Английский

Citations

111