Selective deployment of virulence effectors correlates with host specificity in a fungal plant pathogen

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(4), P. 1578 - 1592

Published: March 20, 2023

The hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins when the infects cucurbit crops, such as cucumber and melon, tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), a distantly related Solanaceae species. Here, we report identification sets C. genes that are differentially required for virulence two phylogenetically distant host Through targeted gene knockout screening 'core' candidates defined based on in planta expression, identified: four host-specific effectors (named infection, or EPCs) full hosts, but not N. benthamiana; five host-nonspecific effectors, which collectively contribute both hosts. During only small subset genes, including EPC showed preferential expression one while profiles majority other were common This work suggests adopts deployment strategy, addition general host-blind mechanisms, adaptation

Language: Английский

---

Unveiling the role of microRNAs in nonhost resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Rice‐specific microRNAs attack the pathogen via cross‐kingdom RNAi

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The development of rapeseed with high resistance against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is impeded by lack effective resources within host species. Unraveling molecular basis nonhost (NHR) holds substantial value for improvement in crops. In present study, small RNA sequencing and transcriptome were carried out between rice (a species S. sclerotiorum) during infection, revealing involvement miRNAs on translation-related processes both pathogen. Specifically, rice-specific potential capability cross-kingdom RNAi explored, which Os-miR169y was selected as a representative case to elucidate its role sclerotiorum. silence decreased level sclerotiorum, heterologous expression Arabidopsis significantly enhanced resistance. dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates that targets 60S ribosomal protein L19 (SsRPL19). Overexpressing (OEss-miR169y) SsRPL19 (RNAiss-RPL19) impaired growth pathogenicity pathogen, while overexpressing exhibited contrast effect. Yeast-two-hybridization revealed an interlinking multiple large subunits, indicating important translation. Proteome detected amount proteins transformants OEss-miR169y RNAiss-RPL19 significant suppression key metabolic pathways such carbon nitrogen metabolisms. Collectively, this study suggests can secrete specific suppress genes essential Os-miR169y, suppresses thus impairs synthesis This sheds light intrinsic mechanisms NHR further demonstrates using nonhost-specific "pathogen-attacking" improving

Language: Английский

---

Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0311226 - e0311226

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

One of the most important characteristics successful plant defence is ability to rapidly identify potential threats in surrounding environment. Plants rely on perception microbe-derived molecular pattern chemicals for this recognition, which initiates a number induced reactions that ultimately increase resistance. The metabolome acts as metabolic fingerprint biochemical activities biological system under particular conditions, and therefore provides functional readout cellular mechanisms involved. Untargeted metabolomics was applied decipher processes related responses oat plants inoculated with pathovars Pseudomonas syringae (pathogenic non-pathogenic oat) thereby signatory markers are involved host or nonhost responses. strains were P . pv. coronafaciens (Ps-c) , tabaci tomato DC3000 hrcC mutant DC3000. At seedling growth stage, alterations Dunnart cultivar (tolerant Ps-c ) response inoculation respective examined following assays. Following inoculation, monitored symptom development harvested at 2-, 4- 6 d.p.i. Methanolic leaf extracts analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) connected high-definition mass spectrometry. Chemometric modelling multivariate statistical analysis indicated time-related reconfigurations point interactions bacterial inoculation/infection. Metabolic profiles derived from further data analyses revealed range metabolite classes responses, including fatty acids, amino phenolic acids amides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids. findings study allowed elucidation changes contribute more comprehensive view metabolism biotic stress during vs interactions.

Language: Английский

---

Phylogenetic analysis of plant-pathogenic and non-pathogenic Trichoderma isolates on maize from plants, soil, and commercial bio-products

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are primarily associated with mycobiome dead wood but can also be occasionally found in soil and plant rhizospheres. Several spp. used crop health management to promote growth control diseases. Although widely considered beneficial plants, some members have been reported pathogenic maize, causing a disease called ear rot. Since 2018, afroharzianum has caused significant infections maize cobs Germany, France, Italy. This study aimed investigate pathogenicity phylogenetic relationships among different strains from diverse sources geographical origins. While previous studies identified T. as main species rot, this that isolates asperellum , atroviride, guizhouense may exhibit on cobs. Additionally, commercial biocontrol products displayed unexpected inducing up 92% severity Most induced high levels severity, although same did not cause any disease, indicating large heterogeneity within species. Notably, phylogeny reconstruction based tef1-α rpb2 genes result discernible clustering between non-pathogenic isolates. A further novel finding is isolation agricultural soil, demonstrating serve reservoir for highlights need biosecurity assessment monitoring use, considering their potential. IMPORTANCE In study, we explored ability infect plants. group fungi known its role agriculture, often biological pesticide fungal However, act pathogens, crops like maize. We one species, particularly aggressive, capable infecting without being wounded first. makes it potentially serious threat health. contrast, other such atroviride only when plants were injured before. Our research suggests effectively survive well making difficult. These findings highlight better understanding how these operate order manage risks they pose important while still taking advantage uses agriculture.

Language: Английский

---

Light and chloroplast redox state modulate the progression of tobacco leaf infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci

Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112512 - 112512

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Effect of Climate Change on Beneficial Plant–Microbe Interaction in the Rhizosphere

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Global Insights into Bacterial Canker of Stone Fruits Caused by the Pseudomonas Syringae Species Complex

Plant Health Cases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Abstract Stone fruits ( Prunus spp.) are economically and nutritionally valuable commodities, with production concentrated in the temperate regions. In UK, limited to cherries plums, trends highlight a resurgence cherry yields due modern practices. However, bacterial cankers, caused by diverse strains of P . syringae , pose significant threats spp., affecting both commercial orchards ornamental plant nurseries. This disease, characterised gummosis, necrotic lesions woody tissues, incurs severe economic losses, young particularly vulnerable. Surveys have revealed emergence novel pathogens populations, predominant groups varying across continents. Advances molecular techniques improved pathogen classification resistance screening cultivars is increasing. Addressing cankers requires integrating knowledge lifecycles, virulence factors, host-pathogen interactions into management strategies. Current research focuses on evolution, breeding resistant tree cultivars, implementing new biocontrol strategies mitigate ecological impacts. Information © The Authors 2025

Language: Английский

---

Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1122 - 1122

Published: July 30, 2021

Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) fundamental plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt evade immune responses. Here, we cover mechanisms of disease resistance how growth balanced with defence, a focus on essential roles PTMs. Alteration defence-related has potential fine-tune molecular interactions produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs fitness.

Language: Английский

---

Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in European Barley Cultivars Registered in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2020

Genes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1274 - 1274

Published: July 18, 2022

Barley is an important crop grown annually on about 55 Mha and intensively cultivated in Europe. In central north-western Europe, spring winter barley can be similar environments which creates suitable conditions for the development of pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, causal agent powdery mildew. Apart from pesticide application, it controlled by inexpensive environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. this contribution, results resistance gene identification 58 cultivars to mildew are presented. 56 them their resistances were postulated two hybrid a recently developed method was used. total, 18 known genes found several unknown detected. barley, durable mlo still predominant. MlVe SU Celly only new recorded registered Czech Republic time span. Since 2001 eight specific have been identified country response under field discussed, corresponding responses pathogen population due directional selection. Different strategies breeding recommended.

Language: Английский

---

Receptor-mediated nonhost resistance in plants

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66(5), P. 435 - 445

Published: April 7, 2022

Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a plant immune response that prevents many microorganisms in the plant's environment from pathogenicity against plant. Since successful pathogens have adapted to overcome systems of their host, durable nature NHR has potential management disease. At present, there genetic and molecular evidence underlying mechanisms are similar responses occur host plants following infection by pathogens. We consider basis multilayered, conferred physicochemical barriers defense induced recognition events. Moreover, relative contribution each component may depend on evolutionary distances between nonhost given pathogen species. This mini-review focused current knowledge NHR, especially non-adapted at cellular level. Recent gains understanding roles plasma membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) associated with these processes, as well genes involved, summarized. Finally, we provide theoretical perspective durability receptor-mediated its practical an innovative strategy for crop protection

Language: Английский

---