Mlo-Mediated Broad-Spectrum and Durable Resistance against Powdery Mildews and Its Current and Future Applications

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 138 - 138

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Mlo is a well-known broad-spectrum recessively inherited monogenic durable resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria hordei found first in barley, originally an induced mutant 1942 and later other mutants also Ethiopian landraces. The commercial varieties possessing were released during 1979–1986, but these often showed symptoms of necrotic leaf spotting associated with reduced grain yield. However, this yield penalty was successfully breeding Mlo-resistant spring barley predominate Europe; for example, the Czech Republic, their ratio surpassed 90% total number newly varieties. outside Europe, Mlo-varieties are not yet popular can be exploited more widely. Winter generally non-resistant, use controversial despite limited adaptability pathogen resistance. renewal mechanically disturbed epidermal plant cell walls, including penetration mildews, common plants, Mlo-type many crop species, wheat.

Language: Английский

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Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 971 - 971

Published: Aug. 21, 2020

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to pathogens are effectiveness durability. Resistance Bgh has been studied intensively, this review describes recent research summarizes specific genes found in varieties since last conspectus. extraordinarily adaptable, some commonly recommended strategies using resistance, including pyramiding genes, may not effective because they only contribute a limited extent obtain sufficient durability widely-grown cultivars. In spring barley, breeding nonspecific mlo gene valuable source durable Pyramiding quantitative or introgressions derived from bulbous bulbosum) promising ways future winter The utilization wide spectrum nonhost resistances also adopted once practical methods have developed.

Language: Английский

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Integrated Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Egyptian Barley: Identification of Resistance-Associated Markers

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1231 - 1231

Published: April 17, 2025

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), severely impacts global barley Hordeum vulgare L. (Hv) production. This investigation evaluated Egyptian genotypes to identify novel resistance sources and molecular markers for breeding programs. Phenotypic assessments at the seedling (growth stage, GS 32) adult plant (GS 55–59) stages under controlled field conditions, combined with SSR marker analysis, revealed distinct profiles. Genotypes Giza 123, 125, G8 exhibited strong resistance, 123 displaying Mlo-mediated immunity. Susceptible (Giza 126, G1, G2, G4) showed rapid disease progression (IT4; up 80% severity). Intermediate (G5, G6, G9) suggested quantitative resistance. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis linked EBmac0603 primer 160 bp allele 149 susceptibility. The 185 correlated partial highlighting its utility in marker-assisted selection (MAS). integration of phenotypic data identified as prime candidates breeding, emphasizing need strategies like gene pyramiding or incorporation susceptible lines. study underscores value Egypt’s diversity advancing durable through targeted tools.

Language: Английский

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Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in European Barley Cultivars Registered in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2020

Genes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1274 - 1274

Published: July 18, 2022

Barley is an important crop grown annually on about 55 Mha and intensively cultivated in Europe. In central north-western Europe, spring winter barley can be similar environments which creates suitable conditions for the development of pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, causal agent powdery mildew. Apart from pesticide application, it controlled by inexpensive environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. this contribution, results resistance gene identification 58 cultivars to mildew are presented. 56 them their resistances were postulated two hybrid a recently developed method was used. total, 18 known genes found several unknown detected. barley, durable mlo still predominant. MlVe SU Celly only new recorded registered Czech Republic time span. Since 2001 eight specific have been identified country response under field discussed, corresponding responses pathogen population due directional selection. Different strategies breeding recommended.

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide association mapping for seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137(3)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract Key message Two new major QTL were identified for powdery mildew resistance. We confirmed that the on 7HS contributed mainly to adult-plant resistance, while another one chromosome arm 1HS made a significant contribution seedling Powdery (PM), caused by Blumeria hordei , can occur at all post emergent stages of barley and constantly threatens crop production. To identify more genes effective resistance use in breeding programs, 696 accessions collected from different regions world evaluated PM adult growth three states Australia. These genotyped using DArTSeq with over 18,000 markers genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using FarmCPU model, 54 showed associations scored Another 40 tentative (LOD > 4.0) are distributed across seven chromosomes. Most them grouped into eleven regions, coinciding locations most reported genes. MTAs arms 3HS 5HL, contributing plant 5HL both An MTA

Language: Английский

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Postulation of Specific Disease Resistance Genes in Cereals: A Widely Used Method and Its Detailed Description

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 284 - 284

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Cultivation of resistant varieties is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method crop protection. Numerous alleles specific disease resistance occur in cereals other crops, knowledge their presence individual has wide utilization research practice. Postulation based on phenotyping host-pathogen interactions the gene-for-gene model a common way identifying these genes. The same technique design tests are used for postulating virulence when pathogen populations studied. Powdery mildews caused by different formae speciales Blumeria graminis (Bg) important cereal diseases. In this contribution, experimental methods described that use organism Bg f. sp. hordei, which can be employed possibly rusts. It includes illustrations summary our long-term practical experience. also critically evaluates benefits leaf segment compared with screening whole plants.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing the pathotype structure of barley powdery mildew and effectiveness of resistance genes to this pathogen in Kazakhstan

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(S1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

Powdery mildew of barley is a wind-borne and obligate biotrophic pathogen, which ranks among the most widespread pathogens worldwide. However, purposeful research towards studying structure powdery populations, their virulence effectiveness certain resistance genes against infection was not conducted in Kazakhstan till present time. This paper first to describe characteristics pathotype Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) population two regions cultivation republic. One hundred seven isolates Bgh were obtained from populations occurring on cultivated at geographically locations during 2015 2016. Their frequency determined 17 differential lines Pallas. All virulent gene Mla8 avirulent for Mla9, Mla1 + MlaAl2, Mla6 Mla14, Mla13 MlRu3, Mla7 MlNo3, Mla10 MlDu2, MlRu3 Mlo-5. The frequencies overcoming Mla3, Mla22, Mlat Mlg MlCP Mla12 MlEm2 0.0–33.33%, Mlra, Mlk, MlLa Mlh ranged 10.0 78.6%. Based reactions possessing Mlat, Mlh, pathotypes identified. In total, 23 with complexity ranging 1 6 During both years all South Zhambyl 24 64 mainly prevailed. Obtained data suggest that low similarity European, African, Australian South-East Asian populations. study provides foundation future studies pathogenic variability within addresses knowledge gap Central Asia. Complete genes, no corresponding found, will allow Kazakhstanean breeders access many modern cultivars those genes.

Language: Английский

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A novel way to identify specific powdery mildew resistance genes in hybrid barley cultivars

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

Abstract Powdery mildew, a common cereal disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis , is major limiting factor of barley production and genetic resistance most appropriate protection against it. To aid breeding new cultivars their marketing, genes can be postulated in homogeneous accessions. Although hybrid (F 1 ) should homogeneous, they are often not genetically uniform, especially if more than two genotypes involved seed or due to undesirable self-pollination, out-crossing mechanical admixtures. overcome these problems accepted method postulating specific based on comparing response type arrays (RTAs) with RTAs standard was substituted analysing frequency types clusters pathogen isolates segregating F 2 generations. This combines phytopathological approach for identifying genes. assess its applicability six were screened from three seven total 14 found. Two newly located at Mla locus heritability determined. In addition, unknown dominant detected. novel, comprehensive efficient also applied other cereals crops.

Language: Английский

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Identification of barley powdery mildew resistances in gene bank accessions and the use of gene diversity for verifying seed purity and authenticity

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. e0208719 - e0208719

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Human activities including those in crop gene banks are subject to errors, especially during seed multiplication and maintenance of germination. Therefore, the most serious problem is authenticity accessions their genotypic purity. There many methods for determining identity varieties, but comparisons between current data past records not easy since latter often missing. Breeding barley resistant powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) was traditionally based on incorporating major genes into new varieties results have been published. Our goal identify resistance Czech spring core collection compare these with earlier information establish accessions. Two hundred twenty-three 665 single plant progenies were tested. Sixty-four selected reference isolates Bgh representing world diversity pathogen used tests. Twenty-two known postulated either separately or combinations. In collection, 151 homogeneous found, resistances nine them inconsistent published 12 doubtful. The remaining 72 heterogeneous comprised 176 genotypes, 54 which probably mechanical admixtures other varieties. several pathogens cereals, e.g. rusts mildews, against host crops also exploited. Knowledge can assist maintaining pure genuine stocks banks. Seed purity subsequently be checked more advanced methods.

Language: Английский

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The development of pleiotropic phenotypes in powdery mildew‐resistant barley and Arabidopsis thaliana mlo mutants is linked to nitrogen availability

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(7), P. 2360 - 2374

Published: March 22, 2024

Powdery mildew-resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Arabidopsis thaliana mlo mutant plants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes such as the spontaneous formation of callose-rich cell wall appositions early leaf chlorosis necrosis, indicative premature senescence. The exogenous factors governing occurrence these undesired side effects remain poorly understood. Here, we characterised symptoms in detail. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that depositions spontaneously formed A. mutants are indistinguishable from those induced by bacterial pattern epitope, flagellin 22 (flg22). We further found increased plant densities during culturing enhance extent senescence syndrome mutants. Application a liquid fertiliser rescued necrosis both plants. Controlled fertilisation experiments uncovered nitrogen macronutrient whose deficiency promotes Light intensity temperature had modulatory impact on incidence case Collectively, our data indicate development associated with is governed various factors.

Language: Английский

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