Key Discoveries in Plant Pathology During the Past Half Century: Impacts on the Life Sciences and on Plant Disease Management DOI
Nian Wang, H. Scherm

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113(4), P. 588 - 593

Published: April 1, 2023

Plant pathology plays a critical role in safeguarding plant health, food security, and safety through science-based solutions to protect plants against recurring emerging diseases. In addition, contributed significantly basic discoveries that have had broad impacts on the life sciences beyond pathology. December 2021, The American Phytopathological Society (APS) conducted survey among its members readership of journals identify rank key science and/or practical disease management during past half century. Based responses received, broadly impacted period include Agrobacterium Ti plasmid mechanism T-DNA transfer, bacterial ice nucleation, cloning resistance genes, discovery viroids, effectors their mechanisms, pattern-triggered immunity effector-triggered immunity, RNA interference gene silencing, structure function R transcription activator-like effectors, type-III secretion system hrp/hrc. Major advances deployment host genes; application models forecasting systems; introduction modern systemic fungicides inducers, along with better understanding fungicide mechanisms management; utilization biological controls suppressive soils, including implementation methyl-bromide alternatives. this special issue, experts from pertinent fields review process, recent progress, some highest ranked each category while also pointing out future directions for new fundamental applied

Language: Английский

Dynamic Gene-for-Gene Interactions Undermine Durable Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Barbara Valent

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Harold Flor's gene-for-gene model explained boom–bust cycles in which resistance ( R) genes are deployed farmers’ fields, only to have pathogens overcome by modifying or losing corresponding active avirulence AVR) genes. Flor understood that host R with low rates of virulence mutation the pathogen should maintain for longer periods time. This review focuses on AVR gene dynamics haploid Ascomycete fungus Pyricularia oryzae, causes rice blast disease, a system complex race structure and very rapid cycle due high mutation. Highly mutable often characterized deletion movement new chromosomal locations, implying loss/regain mechanism response deployment. Beyond blast, recent emergence two serious diseases wheat Lolium ryegrasses highlighted role act at genus level serve as infection barriers separate genus-specialized P. oryzae subpopulations. Wheat ryegrass apparently evolved through sexual crosses involving fungal individuals from five host-adapted subpopulations, jump enabled introduction alleles key host-specificity Despite identification AVR/ interactions operating specificity level, paucity effective identified thus far limits control disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). is an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effector MoSDT1 enhances Magnaporthe oryzae virulence and plays a dual role in regulating rice defense DOI
H.Y. Chen, Shunyu Su, Shumin Yang

et al.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 196(2), P. 1042 - 1063

Published: July 9, 2024

Abstract C2H2 zinc effectors are a class of pathogen proteins that play dual role in plant–pathogen interactions, promoting pathogenicity and enhancing plant defense. In our previous research, we identified Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) as effector activates rice (Oryza sativa) defense when overexpressed rice. However, its regulatory roles require further investigation. this study, generated an MoSDT1 overexpressing strain 2 knockout strains M. to assess the impact on pathogenicity, defense, phenotypic characteristics. Our analyses revealed substantially influenced vegetative growth, conidia size, conidiation, was crucial for virulence while suppressing localized nucleus cytoplasm rice, either dependent or independent delivery. Through RNA-seq, scRNA-seq, ChIP-seq, modulates by regulating phosphorylation ubiquitination various signaling proteins, including transcription factors, repressors, kinases, phosphatases, ubiquitin system. These findings provide valuable insights into mechanisms finger offer important foundational information utilizing their target genes disease resistance breeding design targets management.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
The origin, deployment, and evolution of a plant-parasitic nematode effectorome DOI Creative Commons
B. P. J. Molloy,

Dio S. Shin,

J. D. Long

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. e1012395 - e1012395

Published: July 29, 2024

Plant-parasitic nematodes constrain global food security. During parasitism, they secrete effectors into the host plant from two types of pharyngeal gland cells. These elicit profound changes in biology to suppress immunity and establish a unique feeding organ which nematode draws nutrition. Despite importance there has been no comprehensive identification characterisation effector repertoire any plant-parasitic nematode. To address this, we advance techniques for cell isolation transcriptional analysis define stringent annotation putative cyst Heterodera schachtii at three key life-stages. We 717 gene loci: 269 "known" high-confidence homologs effectors, 448 "novel" with high expression. In doing so most "effectorome" date. Using this definition, provide first systems-level understanding origin, deployment evolution effectorome. The robust will underpin our pathology, hence, inform strategies crop protection.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Fusarium oxysporum NAD+ hydrolase FonNADase1 is essential for pathogenicity and inhibits plant immune responses DOI

Jiajun Lou,

Xiaohui Xiong,

Jiajing Wang

et al.

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 128088 - 128088

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Genome-wide screening for virulent candidate secreted effector protein macromolecules in Magnaporthe oryzae DOI
Jiazong Liu,

Huiqin Dong,

Yibin Wang

et al.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 140978 - 140978

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Plant–pathogen interaction: chemical mediation in plant signalling and defence DOI
Daniel Luiz Reis Simas, Fernanda O. Chagas, Antônio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva

et al.

Phytochemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Structure-guided secretome analysis of gall-forming microbes offers insights into effector diversity and evolution DOI Open Access
Soham Mukhopadhyay, Muhammad Asim Javed, Jiaxu Wu

et al.

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Phytopathogens secrete effector molecules to manipulate host immunity and metabolism. Recent advances in structural genomics have identified fungal families whose members adopt similar folds despite sequence divergence, highlighting their importance virulence immune evasion. To extend the scope of comparative structure-guided analysis more evolutionarily distant phytopathogens with lifestyles, we used AlphaFold2 predict 3D structures secretome from selected plasmodiophorid, oomycete, gall-forming pathogens. Clustering protein based on homology revealed species-specific expansions a low abundance known orphan families. We novel sequence- unrelated but structurally (SUSS) clusters, rich conserved motifs such as ’CCG’ ’RAYH’. demonstrate that these likely play central role maintaining overall fold. also SUSS cluster adopting nucleoside hydrolase-like fold among various microbes. Notably, ankyrin proteins were significantly expanded plasmodiophorids, most being highly expressed during clubroot disease, suggesting pathogenicity. Altogether, this study our understanding landscapes microbes provides valuable resource for broadening phylogenomic studies across diverse phytopathogens.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Does the mobilome of Ralstonia solanacearum influence the evolution and virulence of this pathogen? DOI
Alexia Suellen Fernandes, Osiel Silva Gonçalves, Luciana Moreira Lima

et al.

Tropical Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Genome-wide characterization of effector proteins in Fusarium zanthoxyli and their effects on plant’s innate immunity responses DOI Creative Commons

Jiahui Jiao,

Siyu Zhong,

Le Zhao

et al.

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 7, 2025

Stem canker of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a destructive forest disease, caused by Fusarium zanthoxyli, poses serious threat to the cultivation Z. bungeanum. The lack research on effector proteins in F. zanthoxyli has severely limited our understanding molecular interactions between and bungeanum, resulting insufficient effective control technologies for this disease. In study, total 137 (FzEPs) were predicted characterized based whole genome with an average length 215 amino acids, 8 cysteine residues, weight 23.06 kD. Besides, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, domains annotation information all effectors comprehensively demonstrated. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis indicated that 24 genes significantly upregulated early infection stages which was confirmed RT-qPCR. Following, DEGs cloned transiently over-expressed leaves tobacco evaluate their effects plant's innate immunity. It found FzEP94 FzEP123 induced pronounced programmed cell death (PCD), callose deposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst leaves, whereas FzEP83 FzEP93 suppressed PCD INF1, accompanied less accumulation ROS burst. we systematically functionally analyzed successfully identifying four can impact immune response plants. These findings enhance protein functions offer valuable insights future

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Structure‐guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors DOI Creative Commons
Marie Le Naour—Vernet, Mounia Lahfa, Josephine H. R. Maidment

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Phytopathogenic fungi cause enormous yield losses in many crops, threatening both agricultural production and global food security. To infect plants, they secrete effectors targeting various cellular processes the host. Putative effector genes are numerous fungal genomes, generally encode proteins with no sequence homology to each other or known domains. Recent studies have elucidated predicted three-dimensional structures of from a wide diversity plant pathogenic fungi, revealing limited number conserved folds. Effectors very diverse amino acid sequences can thereby be grouped into families based on structural homology. Some different some expanded specific taxa. Here, we describe features these discuss recent advances predicting new families. We highlight contribution analyses deepen our understanding function evolution effectors. also prospects offered by modeling for studying virulence targets plants.

Language: Английский

Citations

0