The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 757 - 785

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Lactate as a fulcrum of metabolism

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 101454 - 101454

Published: Feb. 9, 2020

Mistakenly thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle we now know that L-enantiomer lactate anion is formed under fully aerobic conditions and utilized continuously diverse cells, tissues, organs at whole-body level. By shuttling between producer (driver) consumer (recipient) cells fulfills least three purposes: 1] a major energy source for mitochondrial respiration; 2] gluconeogenic precursor; 3] signaling molecule. Working by mass action, cell redox regulation, allosteric binding, reprogramming chromatin lactylation lysine residues on histones, has influences substrate partitioning. The physiological range tissue [lactate] 0.5-20 mM cellular Lactate/Pyruvate ratio (L/P) can from 10 >500; these changes during exercise other stress-strain responses dwarf metabolic signals magnitude span. Hence, dynamics have rapid short- long-term effects control systems. inhibiting lipolysis adipose via HCAR-1, fatty acid uptake malonyl-CoA CPT1, controls Repeated exposure regular results expression regulatory enzymes glycolysis respiration. Lactate fulcrum regulation vivo.

Language: Английский

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Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding

European Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 118(4), P. 691 - 728

Published: Jan. 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 10, 2019

During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions memory) gradually decrease. Regarding functions, substantial functional compensatory brain activity) structural changes shrinking of hippocampus) in cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition measures strength muscle mass. Based on emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or training, which contributes to preservation augmentation mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes could be crucial for healthy that includes cognition. Compared with multitude studies have investigated influence endurance training performance structure, considerably less work has focused effects training. While available regarding exercise-induced is pooled, underlying processes, such as changes, yet summarized. Hence, purpose systematic review provide an overview are related functions.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Structure and Function in Youth: A Systematic Review

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 144(4)

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Advances in neuroimaging techniques have resulted an exponential increase the number of studies investigating effects physical activity on brain structure and function. Authors linked fitness with regions networks integral to cognitive function scholastic performance children adolescents but findings not been synthesized.To conduct a systematic review which impact is examined.Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus, Ovid Medline, SportDiscus, Embase) were systematically searched for experimental published between 2002 March 1, 2019.Two reviewers independently screened inclusion according predetermined criteria.Two extracted data key variables synthesized qualitatively.Nine included (task-based functional MRI [n = 4], diffusion tensor imaging 3], arterial spin labeling 1], resting-state 1]) results 5 distinct 4 similar study samples aged 8.7 ± 0.6 10.2 1.0 years typically relatively low socioeconomic status reported. Effects reported 12 regions, including frontal lobe (n 3), parietal anterior cingulate cortex 2), hippocampus 1), several white matter tracts networks.Findings need be interpreted caution as quantitative syntheses possible because heterogeneity.There evidence from randomized controlled trials that participation may modify integrity activation processes. Additional larger hypothesis-driven are needed replicate findings.

Language: Английский

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Dose–Response Matters! – A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise–Cognition Research

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

In general, it is well-recognized that both acute physical exercises and regular training influence brain plasticity cognitive functions positively. However, growing evidence shows the same induce very heterogeneous outcomes across individuals. an attempt to better understand this interindividual heterogeneity in response exercising, most research, so far, has focused on non-modifiable factors such as sex different genotypes, while relatively little attention been paid exercise prescription a modifiable factor. With adapted dosage can be made comparable individuals, procedure which necessary dose-response relationship exercise-cognition research. This improved understanding of relationships could help design more efficient approaches against, for instance, decline.

Language: Английский

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Lactate as a myokine and exerkine: drivers and signals of physiology and metabolism

Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 134(3), P. 529 - 548

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

No longer viewed as a metabolic waste product and cause of muscle fatigue, contemporary view incorporates the roles lactate in metabolism, sensing signaling normal well pathophysiological conditions. Lactate exists millimolar concentrations muscle, blood, other tissues can rise more than an order magnitude result increased production clearance limitations. exerts its powerful driver-like influence by mass action, redox change, allosteric binding, mechanisms described this article. Depending on condition, such during rest exercise, following carbohydrate nutrition, injury, or pathology, serve myokine exerkine with autocrine-, paracrine-, endocrine-like functions that have important basic translational implications. For instance, is: involved reproductive biology, fueling heart, adaptation, brain executive function, growth development, treatment for inflammatory also works many factors controlling cardiac output pulmonary ventilation exercise. Ironically, be disruptive processes insulin secretion when insertion transporters into pancreatic β-cell membranes is not suppressed, carcinogenesis suppress are inhibited, whereas promote upregulated. areas intermediary mitochondrial biogenesis, neurobiology, gut physiology, appetite regulation, overall health vigor. The various reviewed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY relatively new rapidly changing field. As physiological signal both independently concert signals. operates via covalent binding canonical signaling, lactylation DNA. element feedback loops cardiopulmonary regulation. From conception through aging only exerkine, but it certainly deserves consideration signal.

Language: Английский

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Myokines mediate the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 236(4), P. 2393 - 2412

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Abstract Myokines are muscle‐derived cytokines and chemokines that act extensively on organs exert beneficial metabolic functions in the whole‐body through specific signal networks. as mediators provide conceptual basis for a whole new paradigm useful understanding how skeletal muscle communicates with other organs. In this review, we summarize discuss classes of myokines their physiological mediating regulatory roles regulation energy metabolism. We review mechanisms involved interaction between nonmuscle myokines. Moreover, clarify connection exercise, disease development, which may contribute to potential mechanism by physical inactivity affects process diseases via Based current findings, important factors mediate effect organ

Language: Английский

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Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(5), P. 1229 - 1251

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Abstract After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that shuttling is an important component intermediary in vivo . Cell‐cell intracellular shuttles fulfil purposes energy substrate production distribution, as well cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition came first studies physical exercise where roles driver (producer) recipient (consumer) cells tissues were obvious. Moreover, presence part postprandial glucose disposal satiety has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates physiological sink for Repeated exposure from regular results adaptive processes such mitochondrial biogenesis other healthful circulatory neurological characteristics improved work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, memory. The importance living further emphasized when are dysregulated occurs particular illnesses injuries. Like phoenix, risen major 21st century biology. image

Language: Английский

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Acute Sprint Interval Exercise Increases Both Cognitive Functions and Peripheral Neurotrophic Factors in Humans: The Possible Involvement of Lactate

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

There is increasing attention to sprint interval exercise (SIE) training as a time-efficient regime. Recent studies, including our own (Kujach et al., 2018), have shown that acute high-intensity intermittent can improve cognitive function; however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying effect still remain unknown. We thus examined effects of SIE on function by monitoring peripheral levels growth and neurotrophic factors well blood lactate (LA) potential mechanisms. Thirty-six young males participated in current study were divided into two groups: (n = 20; mean age: 21.0 ± 0.9 years) resting control (CTR) 16; 21.7 1.3 years). The session consisted 5 min warm-up six sets 30 s all-out cycling followed 4.5 rest cycling-ergometer. Blood samples evaluate changes serum concentrations brain-derived factor (BDNF), insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial (VEGF), LA obtained at three time points: before, immediately after, 60 after each session. A Stroop task (ST) trail making test (TMT) parts B used assess functions. Acute shortened response times for both ST TMT B. Meanwhile, BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF significantly increased an bout compared those CTR. In SIE, correlated with VEGF. Furthermore, BDNF are found be correlated. results suggest could beneficial functions neuroprotective along concentration humans.

Language: Английский

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