Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: the never-ending story

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 105(4), P. 1333 - 1343

Published: Jan. 30, 2021

The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been suggested as promising agents against the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that induces COVID-19 a possible therapy for shortening duration of viral disease. antiviral effects CQ HCQ demonstrated in vitro due to their ability block viruses like SARS cell culture. proposed reduce immune reactions infectious agents, inhibit pneumonia exacerbation, improve lung imaging investigations. analogs also revealed anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory treating infections related ailments. There was, moreover, convincing evidence from early trials China about efficacy anti-COVID-19 procedure. Since then, research studies massive ascertain these drugs' safety In present review, we construct synopsis main properties current data concerning metabolism CQ/HCQ, which were basis assessing potential therapeutic roles infection. effective role QC prophylaxis infection is discussed light latest international medical-scientific results. KEY POINTS: • Data CQ/HCQ are discussed. has subject contradictory little or no effect reducing mortality SARS-CoV-2-affected patients.

Language: Английский

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Addressing Africa’s pandemic puzzle: Perspectives on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 483 - 488

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

To date, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) has spread to almost every region of the world, infecting millions and resulting in deaths hundreds thousands people. Although it was predicted Africa would suffer a massive loss life due this pandemic, number COVID-19 cases been relatively low across continent. Researchers have speculated several factors may be responsible for outcome Africa, including extensive experience countries with infectious diseases young median age their populations. However, is still important African adopt aggressive bold approaches against COVID-19, case nature pandemic changes. This short review will summarize status outbreak propose possible reasons current trends, as well discuss interventions aimed at preventing rapid increase future.

Language: Английский

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Luteolin and abyssinone II as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico molecular modeling approach in battling the COVID-19 outbreak

Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

At present, the entire world is in a war against COVID-19 pandemic which has gradually led us toward more compromised "new normal" life. SARS-CoV-2, pathogenic microorganism liable for recent outbreak, extremely contagious nature resulting an unusual number of infections and death globally. The lack clinically proven therapeutic intervention dragged world's healthcare system into biggest challenge. Therefore, development efficient treatment scheme now great demand. Screening different biologically active plant-based natural compounds could be useful strategy combating this pandemic. In present research, collection 43 flavonoids 7 classes with previously recorded antiviral activity was evaluated via computational bioinformatics tools their impeding capacity SARS-CoV-2. silico drug likeness, pharmacophore Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion Toxicity (ADMET) profile analysis finest ligands were carried out using DataWarrior, DruLiTo admetSAR programs, respectively. Molecular docking executed by AutoDock Vina, while molecular dynamics simulation target protein-ligand bound complexes done nanoscalable visual software package. Finally, selected within Homo sapiens conducted SwissTargetPredcition web server.Out forty-three flavonoids, luteolin abyssinone II found to develop successful docked complex binding sites proteins terms lowest free energy inhibition constant. root mean square deviation fluctuation values displayed stable interaction between proteins. Both safe human use possessed good likeness properties accuracy.Conclusively, current study proposes that might act as potential candidates SARS-CoV-2 infection. vivo vitro experiments, however, should taken under consideration determine efficiency demonstrate mechanism action.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review about the Molecular Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Insights into Natural Products against COVID-19

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1759 - 1759

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

In 2019, the world suffered from emergence of COVID-19 infection, one most difficult pandemics in recent history. Millions confirmed deaths this pandemic have been reported worldwide. This disaster was caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is last discovered member family Coronaviridae. Various studies shown that natural compounds effective antiviral properties against coronaviruses inhibiting multiple viral targets, including spike proteins and enzymes. review presents classification a detailed explanation SARS-CoV-2 molecular characteristics structure–function relationships. We present all currently available crystal structures different emphasized on structure virus binding modes their ligands. also discusses various therapeutic approaches for treatment vaccinations. addition, we highlight compare existing data about extracted algae, fungi, plants, scorpion venom were used as agents infection. Moreover, discuss repurposing select approved other viruses.

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulatory Drugs in the Management of SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

With the onset of global pandemic in 2020 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been increasing research activity around certain disease-modifying drugs that are used for management inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthrosis, psoriatic systemic lupus erythematosus and bowel disease managing coronavirus symptoms. In conditions mentioned, many people on long-term treatment with agents including hydroxychloroquine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor drugs, other biologic monoclonal antibodies to IL-6 Janus kinase inhibitors baricitinib tofacitinib, which control responses their respective auto-immune condition. There is emerging data immunomodulatory could be protective at reducing features SARS-CoV-2 improving recovery. addition, it important understand if subjects being treated described have a less severe infection, they deemed some protection from treatment, or develop infections similar non-immunocompromised patients. huge unmet clinical need advise patients responsibly about whether should remain not light Covid-19 infection. this article we will discuss potential options using what stage condition may beneficial. Viable during much-needed an intensely active area research.

Language: Английский

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Role of Autophagy in Lung Inflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 7, 2020

Autophagy is a cellular recycling system found in almost all types of eukaryotic organisms. The made up variety proteins which function to deliver intracellular cargo lysosomes for formation autophagosomes the contents are degraded. maintenance homeostasis key survival and human cell populations. interconnection between metabolism autophagy extensive, therefore it has role different functions. disruption or dysfunction these have been implicated development inflammatory diseases including asthma. non-immune immune cells both lead pathogenesis lung inflammation. pulmonary leads tissue remodeling can develop into chronic asthma cases with long term effects. lymphoid myeloid lineages pathology differ their Impaired populations shown, general, decrease inflammation disease models. Many rely on effector maintained In stark contrast, deficient antigen presenting shown an activated inflammasome. This largely characterized by TH17 response that accompanied much worse prognosis granulocyte mediated steroid resistance. specificity associated changes autophagic flux complicates its targeting amelioration asthmatic symptoms. Differing phenotypes TH2 may require modulations. Therefore, treatments call more specific personalized approach when looking at cases. Viral-induced inflammation, such as caused SARS-CoV-2, also involve modulation leading resident cells. this review, we will be discussing cells, implications Finally, discuss autophagy's viral pathogenesis, immunometabolism, insights modulators

Language: Английский

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Coagulopathy in COVID-19: Focus on vascular thrombotic events

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 32 - 40

Published: July 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2: Targeted managements and vaccine development

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 58, P. 16 - 29

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Taming the Autophagy as a Strategy for Treating COVID-19

Cells, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 2679 - 2679

Published: Dec. 13, 2020

Currently, an efficient treatment for COVID-19 is still unavailable, and people are continuing to die from complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the development of new therapeutic approaches urgently needed, one alternative target mechanisms autophagy. Due its multifaceted role in physiological processes, many questions remain unanswered about possible advantages inhibiting or activating Based on a search literature this field, novel analysis has been made highlight relation between autophagy antiviral inflammatory activity contrast those pathogenesis COVID-19. The present reveals remarkable coincidence uncontrolled inflammation triggered by defects. Particularly, there conclusive evidence substantial contribution two concomitant factors severe COVID-19: delayed absent type I III interferon (IFN-I IFN-III) response together robust cytokine chemokine production. In addition, negative interplay exists IFN-I response. According previous studies, clinical decision inhibit activate should depend underlying context pathological timeline Several options herein discussed as guide future research topic.

Language: Английский

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A pharmacological perspective of chloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection: An old drug for the fight against a new coronavirus?

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 106078 - 106078

Published: July 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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