Trends and Adverse Outcomes of Xylazine Misuse: A Digital Surveillance Study DOI Creative Commons
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei,

Seongjin Kim

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Background: Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer without approved medical use in humans that increasingly being misused as adulterant illicit drugs. This study aimed to characterize national trends and adverse outcomes associated with the emerging misuse of xylazine using digital surveillance data. Methods: We examined online search social media discussions related U.S. from 2019 2023 Google Searches data conducted Joinpoint regression assess trends. also attention Almetric score analyzed reports on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) through September logistic regression. Results: Our analysis revealed overall increasing trend searches for XYLAZINE nationally, average monthly percentage change 4.6% (95% CI: 3.9 5.1, P <0.001), indicating growing awareness. On media, mentions rose exponentially starting late 2021. Analysis FAERS identified 94 events xylazine, most which involved men (70.2%), a mean age 36.5 (SD: 14.3) years. Alarmingly, these xylazine-linked had 87.2% fatality rate, increased over 40-fold concurrent fentanyl (reported OR: 40.5, 95% 4.0 407.4, = 0.002). Conclusions: These findings underscore urgent need greater public health awareness, harm reduction strategies, enhanced targeting worsening addiction overdose crisis.

Language: Английский

Xylazine does not enhance fentanyl reinforcement in rats: A behavioral economic analysis DOI

Celsey M. St. Onge,

Jeremy R. Canfield,

Allison Ortiz

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 258, P. 111282 - 111282

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Trends in Tranq: Prevalence of Xylazine in Oral Fluid Toxicology in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana DOI Creative Commons
Chris Thomas,

Ankita Mondal,

Matthew Levitas

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract Background Xylazine (which goes by the street name “Tranq”) is a veterinary animal tranquilizer that commonly and sometimes unknowingly used in combination with illicit fentanyl has garnered increased media government attention recent months. The White House National Response Plan from July 2023 emphasized testing for xylazine as crucial first step to curbing abuse. Forensic Fluids Laboratories (FFL), which specializes oral fluid drug testing, began surveilling this substance beginning early 2023. Here, we examined our data over year of present observations trends identified data. We show an excellent tool identifying use. Methods From March through 2024, 55,000 specimens were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) following presumptive positive screen methamphetamine, cocaine, opiates, fentanyl, and/or FDA-approved Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Results these analyses well associated geospatial metadata extracted sample database Pandas NumPy libraries Python. Plots maps generated Matplotlib GeoPandas On average entire period, was found 3.41% total 55,691 samples. Using three-month positivity rate, prevalence peaked at 3.76% samples June hit its low September 3.14%. Of xylazine-positive samples, 96.5% time. In addition, 86.2% indicated some degree polydrug use where least two other classes present. note, stimulants 61.4% positives. among fentanyl-positive average, 21.70% May 30.92% 2024. Across states Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, spread 45 new counties conclusion study window. At county level, general hotspots identified, variable certain increasing decreasing Conclusions While overall fluctuated recreational users individual county-level during time tended reveal dynamic shifts Our highlights across provides support adulteration supply. With trends, aim local state agencies promoting continued action collaboration toward mitigating xylazine.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Exploring Xylazine Awareness, Health Impacts, and Harm Reduction Strategies: Findings From a Multimethods Study in Lowell, Massachusetts DOI
Shikhar Shrestha,

Kevin Cyr,

Grace Hajinazarian

et al.

Substance Use &amp Addiction Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(2), P. 291 - 301

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Background: Xylazine, an adulterant in local drug supplies, has been detected approximately 30% of opioid samples submitted for testing Massachusetts. A better understanding risks, harms, and use preferences is needed to combat xylazine-related impacts on communities. Methods: Through the STOP-OD Lowell study, we aimed assess xylazine awareness through in-depth interviews with community stakeholders (n = 15) people who drugs (PWUD; n surveys PWUD 94). The qualitative focused current landscape knowledge adulterants Lowell, results informed subsequent survey design. our survey, examined whether were aware their willingness test strips. Results: Most had limited about presence impact as adulterant. Forty-seven (50%) respondents xylazine. When provided more information xylazine, 65% all expressed a received naloxone training, reported using others, tester shots willing Conclusion: Our findings are congruent existing literature that indicates there among PWUD, they consider unwanted We also found other harm reduction measures increase warrants additional community-level interventions such wound management infrastructure. Further research understand associated use, effective techniques, perceptions

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Xylazine awareness and attitudes among people who use drugs in Ohio, 2023–2024 DOI Creative Commons
Nichole L. Michaels, Saroj Bista,

Ashley Short Mejia

et al.

Harm Reduction Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

The prevalence of xylazine, a non-opioid tranquilizer not for human consumption, in illicitly manufactured fentanyl is increasing the United States. However, little known about xylazine awareness and attitudes among people who use drugs.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Trends and Adverse Outcomes of Xylazine Misuse: A Digital Surveillance Study DOI Creative Commons
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei,

Seongjin Kim

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Background: Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer without approved medical use in humans that increasingly being misused as adulterant illicit drugs. This study aimed to characterize national trends and adverse outcomes associated with the emerging misuse of xylazine using digital surveillance data. Methods: We examined online search social media discussions related U.S. from 2019 2023 Google Searches data conducted Joinpoint regression assess trends. also attention Almetric score analyzed reports on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) through September logistic regression. Results: Our analysis revealed overall increasing trend searches for XYLAZINE nationally, average monthly percentage change 4.6% (95% CI: 3.9 5.1, P <0.001), indicating growing awareness. On media, mentions rose exponentially starting late 2021. Analysis FAERS identified 94 events xylazine, most which involved men (70.2%), a mean age 36.5 (SD: 14.3) years. Alarmingly, these xylazine-linked had 87.2% fatality rate, increased over 40-fold concurrent fentanyl (reported OR: 40.5, 95% 4.0 407.4, = 0.002). Conclusions: These findings underscore urgent need greater public health awareness, harm reduction strategies, enhanced targeting worsening addiction overdose crisis.

Language: Английский

Citations

0