Hepatic inflammatory responses in liver fibrosis

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 633 - 646

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

---

EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(3), P. 492 - 542

Published: June 7, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Changing epidemiology, global trends and implications for outcomes of NAFLD

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(3), P. 842 - 852

Published: May 10, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common globally, currently estimated to affect 38% of global population. A minority patients with NAFLD will progress cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, but total number this vast population that risk such severe outcomes is increasing. Worryingly, persons are affected by at an earlier age, suggesting they have longer time develop complications. With considerable changes in diet composition and urbanization, obesity type 2 diabetes among population, particular developing countries, proportion projected be further Yet, there large geographical discrepancies prevalence rates its inflammatory component non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Such differences partly related differing socio-economic milieus, also genetic predisposition.This narrative review discusses recent epidemiology NASH from regional perspectives, as well special populations. We discuss consequences these can on hepatic extra-hepatic events.

Language: Английский

---

MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 330595

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common chronic globally and is currently estimated to affect up 38% of global adult population. NAFLD a multisystem where systemic insulin resistance related metabolic dysfunction play pathogenic role in development its relevant liver-related morbidities (cirrhosis, failure hepatocellular carcinoma) extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, certain types cancers. In 2023, three large multinational associations proposed that dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD) should replace term NAFLD; name chosen non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was (MASH). Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests an excellent concordance rate between MASLD definitions—that is, ~99% individuals with meet criteria. this narrative review, we provide overview literature on (a) recent data risk developing CVD malignant (b) underlying mechanisms by which (and factors strongly linked MASLD) may increase these complications (c) diagnosis assessment potential treatments reduce people or MASH.

Language: Английский

---

Randomized, Controlled Trial of the FGF21 Analogue Pegozafermin in NASH

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 389(11), P. 998 - 1008

Published: June 24, 2023

Pegozafermin is a long-acting glycopegylated (pegylated with the use of site-specific glycosyltransferases) fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogue in development for treatment nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and severe hypertriglyceridemia. The efficacy safety pegozafermin patients biopsy-proven noncirrhotic NASH are not well established.

Language: Английский

---

The Global Burden of Liver Disease

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 1978 - 1991

Published: April 28, 2023

Chronic liver disease (CLD) and its associated complications (cirrhosis cancer) cause significant mortality, morbidity, economic burden. Published data from the World Health Organization and/or Global Burden of Disease show that burden CLD is large increasing, primarily owing to increasing nonalcoholic fatty alcohol-related (ALD). Middle Eastern, Northern African, Asian regions globe are most affected by hepatitis B C virus. Furthermore, Eastern North African also disease, European, West Central ALD. In this context, rate increase for cirrhosis highest in East, as well middle high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. On other hand, SDI countries experiencing rates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Assessing HCC based on country etiology shows China, Korea, India, Japan, Thailand have virus–related cases, while United States cases. Additionally, has ALD-related States, steatohepatitis–related Although globally, world impacted differently a result number factors. accounts approximately 1 million deaths per year. addition clinical burden, causes impairment health-related quality life (HRQL), burden.1Asrani S.K. Devarbhavi H. Eaton J. Kamath P.S. diseases world.J Hepatol. 2019; 70: 151-171Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1522) Google Scholar there 4 major drivers CLD-related include chronic virus (CHC), (CHB), (ALD), (NAFLD). fact, given pandemic obesity, NAFLD, predicted continue do so.2Paik J.M. Golabi P. Younossi Y. et al.Changes global 2012 2017: growing impact NAFLD.Hepatology. 2020; 72: 1605-1616Crossref (272) Scholar, 3Estes C. Anstee Q.M. Arias-Loste M.T. al.Modeling NAFLD France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Kingdom, period 2016-2030.J 2018; 69: 896-904Abstract (876) 4Estes Razavi Loomba R. epidemic demonstrates an exponential disease.Hepatology. 67: 123-133Crossref (1108) 5Estes Chan H.L.Y. Chien R.N. al.Modelling four regions-2019-2030.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 51: 801-811Crossref (66) 6World OrganizationEstimated mortality diseases.https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/1179Date accessed: December 13, 2022Google 7World Statistics.file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/9789240051140-eng.pdfDate 8Rehm Gmel Sr., G.E. G. al.The relationship between different dimensions alcohol use disease-an update.Addiction. 2017; 112: 968-1001Crossref (593) 9Rehm Imtiaz S. A narrative review consumption risk factor disease.Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2016; 11: 37Crossref (105) 10Messina J.P. Humphreys I. Flaxman A. al.Global distribution prevalence genotypes.Hepatology. 2015; 61: 77-87Crossref (1173) 11Schwarzinger M. Baillot Yazdanpanah al.Alcohol disorders 2008-2013: nationwide retrospective cohort study.J 454-461Abstract (38) 12Rehm Shield K.D. disease.Biomedicines. 7: 99Crossref (69) 13Younossi Z. Paik epidemiology (NAFLD) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): systematic meta-analysis.Hepatology. 2023; 77: 1335-1347Crossref (18) Given potentially changing landscape necessary local, regional, policy makers deal with important disease. This provides overview current future trends related perspective. Currently, (WHO) estimates 58 people CHC, 1.5 new infections 300,000 annual (Table 1).6World Scholar,7World it estimated 3.2 adolescents children infected CHC. The CHC found Mediterranean European regions, followed South-East Asia, Western Pacific, Africa, Americas.6World ScholarTable 1Chronic Liver Prevalence Rates (2019)Chronic diseaseWHOGBDPolaris ObservatoryHepatitis virus296 infected820,000 deaths1.5 infections10% diagnosed2% treatedAreas affected: Southeast Mediterranean316 infected555,000 deathsAreas Africa Burma2.91 (2016)10% diagnosed8% PacificHepatitis virus58 (3.2 children)300,000 infections21% diagnosed13% Mediterranean, Europe, South East Americas113 (58.8 females, 54.4 males)500,000 deaths82.5 cases 100,000 people9.4 treated 2015–2019Areas Asia Africa56.8 infected1.42 until 20302.3% diagnosed5% (Central Southeast)Nonalcoholic diseaseNot recognized WHO priority among noncommunicable diseases1,235.7 (all ages)1.75–2.18 all age death rateAreas regions; country: IndonesiaCentral Latin America had at 5.9 personsNot applicableALDReports ALD through disability-adjusted yearsMortality (2016): 588,000 accounting 46.9% deathsCountries years: AsiaBecause lack accurate reporting referral bias GBD does not report incidence or but reports mortality:27% disease30% cancer deathsBurden dispersed worldwide, top 5 countries/regions (2019): Mongolia, Kazakhstan, El Salvador, Guatemala, GreenlandNot applicableALD, disease; GBD, Disease; WHO, Organization.Data Spearman al,14Spearman W.C. Dusheiko G.M. Hellard Sonderup Hepatitis C.Lancet. 394: 1451-1466Abstract (229) WHO,15WHO. health sector strategy viral 2016–2021. Towards ending hepatitis. Organization, Geneva, Switzerland2016Google Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators,16Polaris CollaboratorsGlobal change cascade care 2015 2020: modelling study.Lancet Gastroenterol 2022; 396-415Abstract (35) Collaborators.17Polaris prevalence, treatment, prevention infection 2016: 3: 383-403Abstract (1051) Open table tab ALD, Organization. Data can be obtained (GBD). Institute Metrics Evaluation (IHME), independent research center located University Washington, responsible coordinating database.18Institute (IHME).https://www.healthdata.orgDate purpose IHME provide trend over time national, international so appropriate interventions developed. To accomplish this, conducts more than 195 countries.18Institute Because methodology investigators conduct their vast research, regular updates allow comparison outcomes time.19IHME updates.https://www.healthdata.org/gbd/about#:∼:text=GBD%20research%20incorporates%20both%20the,use%20that%20information%20at%20homeDate As such, researchers recently released several relevant CLD.18Institute Scholar,19IHME using been quantified summary compiled metrics team.14Spearman total (HCV) 2019 was 113 females 58.8 males There were half 64% deaths. reported 82.5 people.14Spearman Despite availability curative regimens since 2013,20Tordrup D. Hutin Stenberg K. al.Cost-effectiveness testing treatment infections: analysis scenarios, income.Value Health. 23: 1552-1560Abstract (7) 21Tordrup al.Additional resource needs elimination universal coverage: projections 67 low-income middle-income countries, 2016-30.Lancet Glob e1180-e1188Abstract (40) 22Yousafzai Bajis Alavi infection: meta-analysis.J Viral Hepat. 2021; 28: 1340-1354Crossref (16) 23Zoratti M.J. Siddiqua Morassut R.E. al.Pangenotypic direct acting antivirals literature meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine. 18100237Abstract (50) 24Pecoraro V. Banzi Cariani E. al.New direct-acting patients randomized controlled trials.J Clin Exp 9: 522-538Abstract (28) remained (in 2019) 23rd leading death, 25th years lost, 123rd disability, 41st disability life-adjusted (DALYs). proportion DALYs accounted presence cirrhosis.20Tordrup analyses data, which included Cambodia, Chad, Uzbekistan, Gabon, Democratic Republic Congo, Republic, Angola, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan (Figure 1A). Understanding regional allows targeted efforts target long-term sustainable programs eradicate These challenges immense fact suggest only 13% eligible received 78.6% remain undiagnosed.25Cui F. Blach Manzengo Mingiedi progress towards C.Lancet 8: 332-342Abstract Scholar,26Le L.V. Rewari B. al.Progress achieving Pacific region: results reporting.Liver Int. 42: 1930-1934Crossref (6) addition, 11 currently track eliminate 2030, may reach goals 2050.15WHO. Scholar,27Blach Razavi-Shearer Mooneyhan al.Updated evaluation HBV elimination, preliminary 2021. 76. 2022: S1-S1564Google Collaborators (a initiative hepatitis) provided updated status CHC.16Polaris They 56.8 living beginning 2020. According estimates, Europe (2.9%; 95% uncertainty interval [UI], 2.3–3.2) (2.6%; UI, 2.4–2.8) HCV, largest HCV-infected individuals seen (14.0 million; 13.2–24.2) (10.0 8.6–11.9). It anticipated average 1.42 will occur each year end 2030. By liver-related (liver-related deaths, carcinoma, decompensated cirrhosis) projected 14% 17%. could offset any improvement expected treating patients. Finally, these determined 23% those diagnosed 5% indicating gaps strategy.16Polaris 296 CHB 2019. Another 820,000 (mostly carcinoma) expected.6World (2019) 4.1% (3.7%–4.5%), corresponding 316 (95% UI: 284–351 million) (HBV)-infected individuals.28GBD CollaboratorsGlobal, national B, 1990-2019: Study 2019.Lancet 796-829Abstract 555,000 487,000–630,000) CHB-related deaths.28GBD Scholar,29Paik Henry L. al.Recent virus: 2007-2017.Gastroenterology. 160: 1845-1846.e3Abstract (9) Interestingly, noted 31.3% 29.0%–33.9%) decrease 1990 notable younger (76.8%; 76.2%–77.5% decrease).29Paik continuing many countries. conundrum aging population needed determine whether decreasing translate into reduction mortality.30Sohn fight against benefitting some parts others.Nature. 603: S58-S59Crossref 31Tian Feld J.J. Feng al.Feasibility high-income ongoing immigration.J 947-956Abstract (5) 32Stockdale A.J. Meiring J.E. Shawa I.T. al.Hepatitis vaccination unmet need antiviral Blantyre, Malawi.J Infect Dis. 226: 871-880Crossref (3) Similar CHB, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Mozambique, Somalia, Malawi, Niger 1B). produced modeling CHB.17Polaris surface antigen 2016 3.9%, 292 An 10% (29 treatment. 96% low- 65% being regions.30Sohn lower vaccinations For example, 8% infants receive first dose vaccine within 24 hours birth.32Stockdale support must undertaken focus prevent, diagnose, treat CLD.30Sohn positive note, 80 achieve reduce less areas set targets before 2050.25Cui hepatitis, worldwide.6World Unlike blood tests, diagnosis relies self-reporting consumption, fraught problems.8Rehm 200 diseases, difficult quantify.8Rehm Scholar,9Rehm coexist especially case, primary driver disease.10Messina Scholar,11Schwarzinger Nonetheless , Status Report Alcohol ALD.12Rehm suggests caused almost attributed 2016, 1,254,000 nearly 50% alcohol-attributable (588,100; CI, 531,700–683,400). 42.4%–54.5%) DALY countries.12Rehm outcomes, partially biases limit ability estimate prevalence. Nevertheless, misuse 27% 30% worldwide.33GBD CollaboratorsAlcohol territories, 1990-2016: syste

Language: Английский

---

Current status and future trends of the global burden of MASLD

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(8), P. 697 - 707

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

---

An integrated view of anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic targets for the treatment of NASH

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(2), P. 552 - 566

Published: April 14, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten?

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 514 - 527

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

To provide an update on current obesity prevalence trends and summarize the available evidence suggesting a possible plateau or stabilization in rates after previous sudden global rise.The escalating epidemic represents one of most serious public health challenges. There have been some indications that high-income populations, rate increase adults has stabilized decade 2000-2010, plateau. Current also suggests children adolescents economically advanced countries since 2000, which is possibly related to healthier dietary habits increased levels physical activity. On other hand, there steady uninterrupted rise low-income nations, universal trend escalation rather than slowdown, mainly driven by sharp increases populations. Furthermore, increasing number high- middle-income are currently experiencing severe obesity. In expected double its from 10 20% between 2020 2035, posing enormous threat for healthcare systems. Even if transiently stabilized, remains globally at unacceptably high levels, no guarantee stability (if any) will be maintained long. this review, we explore underlying drivers epidemic; explanations reported slowdown countries; overall take critical perspective hypothesis, emphasizing urgent need immediate effective actions population regional level order halt alarming risks.

Language: Английский

---

Clinical profiles and mortality rates are similar for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80(5), P. 694 - 701

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

---