The interface of depression and diabetes: treatment considerations

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

This state-of-the-art review explores the relationship between depression and diabetes, highlighting two-way influences that make treatment challenging worsen outcomes of both conditions. Depression diabetes often co-occur share genetic, lifestyle, psychosocial risk factors. Lifestyle elements such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns play a role on development management conditions, need for integrated strategies. The evidence suggests traditional strategies focusing either condition in isolation fall short addressing intertwined nature depression. Instead, care models encompassing psychological support medical are recommended to improve efficacy patient adherence. Such require collaboration across multiple healthcare disciplines, including endocrinology, psychiatry, primary care, offer holistic approach care. also identifies significant patient-related barriers effective management, stigma, resistance, health literacy, which be addressed through patient-centered education systems. Future directions research include longitudinal studies diverse populations further elucidate causal relationships exploration novel therapeutic targets, well effectiveness aimed at preventing onset one individuals diagnosed with other.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the Link Between Gut Microbiota and Psychopathological Insights in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

European Eating Disorders Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

This systematic review explores the associations between qualitative/quantitative changes in gut microbiota and psychopathological symptoms or other clinical features patients with eating disorders (EDs). Secondary outcomes include exploring EDs potential relationships psychotropic drug use. A search was conducted across biomedical databases from inception to June 2024 according PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias assessed, a narrative synthesis performed due heterogeneity outcomes. Only findings related anorexia nervosa (AN) were identified. Ten studies, which seven longitudinal, two cross-sectional, one interventional (N = 350 AN, 304 HCs), included. Despite no clear links diversity metrics being observed, specific taxa belonging phylum Firmicutes, such as Clostridium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium Actinobacteriota correlated ED psychopathology, including anxiety depressive symptoms. Changes symptoms, well altered behaviours by modulating inflammation insulin pathways through short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that also lead neurotransmitter imbalances. Further studies are required replicate these finding explore whether similar patterns observed EDs.

Language: Английский

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Association of escitalopram-induced shifts in gut microbiota and sphingolipid metabolism with depression-like behavior in wistar-kyoto rats

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly depression. Escitalopram (ESC) is first-line antidepressant, however, its regulatory mechanisms on the treatment of depression remain unclear. antidepressant effects ESC were evaluated using forced swim test Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, while damage gut and brain regions was assessed through H&E staining immunohistochemistry. therapeutic WKY rats with depression-like behavior investigated 16S rRNA sequencing microbiota, serum untargeted metabolomics, hippocampal proteomics. Results indicated that intervention improved depressive-like behaviors, as evidenced by increased swimming times also restored intestinal permeability tissue integrity. Significant changes microbiota composition, an increase Bacteroides barnesiae, well increases sphingolipid metabolites (Sphinganine 1-phosphate, Sphingosine, Sphingosine-1-phosphate) proteins (Sptlc1, Enpp5, Enpp2), strongly correlated. These robust correlations suggest may exert modulating metabolism influence microbiota. Accordingly, this research elucidates novel underlying efficacy highlights importance mediating these effects.

Language: Английский

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The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles human cognition behaviour. Included this research is evidence indicating gut microbes, through direct indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability antisocial Moreover, manufacture chemicals are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions United States Europe acknowledge produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption alcohol by defendants. The dismissal driving while intoxicated charges these cases—so‐called auto‐brewery syndrome—highlights way which microbiome knowledge will enhance precision, objectivity fairness our legal systems. Here opinion essay, we introduce concept ‘legalome’—the application science forensic psychiatry criminal law. We argue rapid pace microbial discoveries, including those challenge ideas free moral responsibility, necessitate a reconsideration traditional doctrines justifications retributive punishment. implications extend beyond courtroom, challenging us reconsider how environmental factors—from diet socioeconomic conditions—might shape preventative rehabilitative efforts their effects on microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Anhedonia: Current and future treatments

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic domain that leads to poor disorder outcome and low remission rates. This narrative review describes broad range of interventions targeting anhedonia, including pharmacological, neuromodulatory, behavioral, lifestyle‐based approaches. Drugs such as vortioxetine, agomelatine, bupropion, ketamine, brexpiprazole show promising anti‐anhedonic effects, while traditional antidepressants, serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and, even more so, selective serotonin (SSRIs), are less effective. Neuromodulation techniques, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, direct current transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve proved effective at improving particularly when used in targeted areas. Psychotherapeutic interventions, behavioral activation, mindfulness‐based strategies, savoring also help re‐engage patients with pleasurable activities enhance positive affect. Innovative treatments, aticaprant psilocybin, showed results. Substantial evidence suggests anhedonia better psychosocial functioning, quality life, sustained remission. Although most data come from short‐term studies, several long‐term analyses suggest maintaining hedonic improvements feasible beneficial. The reviewed underscores the importance routine assessment integration symptom‐specific strategies. Tailoring address individual patterns reward disruption may optimize outcomes for anhedonia.

Language: Английский

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Multi-species probiotic supplement enhances vagal nerve function – results of a randomized controlled trial in patients with depression and healthy controls

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

Major depression (MD) significantly impacts individual well-being and society. The vagus nerve plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis, facilitating bidirectional communication between these systems. Recent meta-analyses suggest potential antidepressant effects of probiotics, although their mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to assess impact multi-species probiotic (OMNi-BiOTiC® STRESS Repair) on function 43 MD patients healthy controls (HC). Participants received either probiotics or placebo twice daily. Serum stool samples were collected at baseline, 7 days, 28 3 months. Vagus (VN) was evaluated using 24-hour electrocardiography (ECG) for heart rate variability (HRV), alongside microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing. After months, receiving demonstrated improved morning VN compared HC. participants who group showed significant increase Christensellales, particularly Akkermansia muciniphila along with sleep parameters (use medication, latency) as measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSI). highlights physiological benefits MD, potentially mediated through stimulation. Understanding could lead novel therapeutic approaches management.

Language: Английский

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Impact of antidepressants on the composition of the gut microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and inflammation in cardiovascular drug response: trends in therapeutic success and commercial focus

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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When antidepressants meet the gut microbiota: implications and challenges

International Clinical Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 46 - 48

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Cussotto, Sofia; Colle, Romain; David, Denis J.; Corruble, Emmanuelle Author Information

Language: Английский

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Understanding mood disorder treatments

International Clinical Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 1 - 2

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

aDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University Enna, Enna bOasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy Received 5 November 2024 Accepted 2024. Correspondence to Alessandro Serretti, MD, Department Piazza dell'Università, 94100, Italy, E-mail: [email protected]

Language: Английский

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