PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. e0191947 - e0191947
Published: Jan. 25, 2018
In
the
coming
decades,
environmental
change
like
warming
and
acidification
will
affect
life
in
ocean.
While
data
on
single
stressor
effects
fish
are
accumulating
rapidly,
we
still
know
relatively
little
about
interactive
of
multiple
drivers.
Of
particular
concern
this
context
early
stages
fish,
for
which
direct
increased
CO2
growth
development
have
been
observed.
Whether
these
further
modified
by
elevated
temperature
was
investigated
here
larvae
Atlantic
herring
(Clupea
harengus),
a
commercially
important
species.
Over
period
32
days,
larval
survival,
size
weight,
instantaneous
rate
were
assessed
crossed
experimental
design
two
temperatures
(10°C
12°C)
with
levels
(400
μatm
900
CO2)
at
food
mimicking
natural
using
prey.
Elevated
alone
led
to
swimming
activity,
as
well
decreased
survival
(Gi).
The
comparatively
high
sensitivity
study
may
influenced
low
offered
larvae.
Larval
size,
Gi
activity
not
affected
CO2,
indicating
tolerance
species
projected
"end
century"
levels.
A
synergistic
effect
found
where
no
concentrations
detected
12°C
treatment,
but
negative
10°C
treatment.
Contrasting
between
temperatures.
Under
ambient
conditions
compared
10°C.
general,
minor
considered
negligible
under
mimicked
conditions.
These
findings
emphasize
need
include
biotic
factors
such
energy
supply
via
prey
availability
future
studies
stressors.
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
22(3), P. 974 - 989
Published: Dec. 23, 2015
Abstract
Biological
communities
are
shaped
by
complex
interactions
between
organisms
and
their
environment
as
well
with
other
species.
Humans
rapidly
changing
the
marine
through
increasing
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
resulting
in
ocean
warming
acidification.
The
first
response
animals
to
environmental
change
is
predominantly
modification
of
behaviour,
which
turn
affects
species
ecological
processes.
Yet,
many
climate
studies
ignore
animal
behaviour.
Furthermore,
our
current
knowledge
how
global
alters
behaviour
mostly
restricted
single
species,
life
phases
stressors,
leading
an
incomplete
view
coinciding
stressors
can
affect
that
structure
biological
communities.
Here,
we
review
on
effects
acidification
animals.
We
demonstrate
pervasive
a
wide
range
critical
behaviours
determine
persistence
success
then
evaluate
several
approaches
studying
acidification,
identify
gaps
need
be
filled,
better
understand
will
populations
altered
behaviours.
Our
provides
synthesis
far‐reaching
consequences
behavioural
changes
could
have
for
ecosystems
environment.
Without
considering
limit
ability
forecast
impacts
provide
insights
aid
management
strategies.
Conservation Physiology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. cow009 - cow009
Published: Jan. 1, 2016
With
the
occurrence
of
global
change,
research
aimed
at
estimating
performance
marine
ectotherms
in
a
warmer
and
acidified
future
has
intensified.
The
concept
oxygen-
capacity-limited
thermal
tolerance,
which
is
inspired
by
Fry
paradigm
bell-shaped
increase–optimum–decrease-type
response
aerobic
scope
to
increasing
temperature,
but
also
includes
proposed
negative
synergistic
effects
elevated
CO2
levels,
been
suggested
as
unifying
framework.
objectives
this
meta-analysis
were
assess
following:
(i)
generality
relationship
between
absolute
(AAS)
temperature;
(ii)
what
extent
affects
resting
oxygen
uptake
MO2rest
AAS;
(iii)
whether
there
an
interaction
temperature
CO2.
behavioural
are
briefly
discussed.
In
31
out
73
data
sets
(both
acutely
exposed
acclimated),
AAS
increased
remained
above
90%
maximum,
whereas
clear
optimum
was
observed
remaining
42
sets.
Carbon
dioxide
caused
significant
rise
only
18
125
sets,
decrease
25,
it
four
increase
two.
analysis
did
not
reveal
evidence
for
overall
correlation
with
regime
or
duration
treatment.
When
had
effect,
additive
rather
than
interactions
most
common
and,
interestingly,
they
even
interacted
antagonistically
on
AAS.
could
complicate
experimental
determination
respiratory
performance.
Overall,
reveals
heterogeneity
responses
that
accordance
idea
single
principle
cannot
be
ignored
attempts
model
predict
impacts
warming
ocean
acidification
ectotherms.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Nov. 12, 2015
Abstract
Alterations
in
predation
pressure
can
have
large
effects
on
trophically-structured
systems.
Modification
of
predator
behaviour
via
ocean
warming
has
been
assessed
by
laboratory
experimentation
and
metabolic
theory.
However,
the
influence
acidification
with
remains
largely
unexplored
for
mesopredators,
including
experimental
assessments
that
incorporate
key
components
assemblages
which
animals
naturally
live.
We
employ
a
combination
long-term
mesocosm
experiments
containing
natural
prey
habitat
to
assess
how
affect
development,
growth
hunting
sharks.
Although
embryonic
development
was
faster
due
temperature,
elevated
temperature
CO
2
had
detrimental
sharks
not
only
increasing
energetic
demands,
but
also
decreasing
efficiency
reducing
their
ability
locate
food
through
olfaction.
The
these
led
considerable
reductions
rates
held
mesocosms
,
either
alone
or
higher
temperature.
Our
results
suggest
more
complex
reality
predators,
where
reduces
effectively
hunt
exert
strong
top-down
control
over
webs.
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
220(12), P. 2136 - 2148
Published: June 14, 2017
ABSTRACT
Experimental
exposure
to
ocean
and
freshwater
acidification
affects
the
behaviour
of
multiple
aquatic
organisms
in
laboratory
tests.
One
proposed
cause
involves
an
imbalance
plasma
chloride
bicarbonate
ion
concentrations
as
a
result
acid–base
regulation,
causing
reversal
ionic
fluxes
through
GABAA
receptors,
which
leads
altered
neuronal
function.
This
model
is
exclusively
based
on
differential
effects
receptor
antagonist
gabazine
control
animals
those
exposed
elevated
CO2.
However,
direct
measurements
actual
neurons
their
extracellular
fluids
properties
are
largely
lacking.
Similarly,
very
little
known
about
potential
compensatory
mechanisms,
alternative
mechanisms
that
might
lead
acidification-induced
behavioural
changes.
article
reviews
current
knowledge
physiology,
neurobiology,
pharmacology
relation
marine
CO2-induced
acidification,
identifies
important
topics
for
future
research
will
help
us
understand
predicted
levels
organisms.