Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 11, 2022
Abstract
One
of
the
main
vectors
for
malaria
in
Latin-America
is
Anopheles
pseudopunctipennis
(Theobald),
whereas
Aedes
aegypti
(L.)
primary
vector
dengue,
yellow
fever,
Zika,
and
chikungunya
viruses.
The
use
repellents
recommended
as
personal
protection
method
against
these
(or
mosquitoes),
however
there
are
very
few
studies
evaluating
effect
on
An.
.
a
Petri
dish
to
study
repellence
has
been
applied
by
several
authors
flies,
cockroaches,
kissing
bugs
mosquitoes,
being
valuable
technique
species
that
difficult
breed
under
laboratory
conditions,
such
,
which
could
be
infected
parasites.
In
present
we
evaluated
essential
oil
E.
nitens
its
component
(1,8-cineole)
commercial
repellent
DEET
Ae.
females
using
plaque
repellency
coupled
EthoVision
XT10.1
video-tracking
software.
Repellent
locomotor
activity
were
studied
through
index
(RI)
together
with
an
axis
constructed
from
behavioral
variables
obtained
tracking
was
observed
at
0.01mg/mL
0.01
0.1mg/mL
addition,
showed
significant
1
10
mg/mL
1,
5,
25
no
response
detected
1,8-cineole
any
concentration
neither
two
species.
This
first
evaluates
compounds
quantify
their
effects
both
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 30, 2023
Abstract
A
major
textbook
on
running
waters,
promoting
understanding
of
the
nature
rivers
as
ecosystems,
and
detailing
biodiversity
natural
history
their
biota.
The
book
takes
a
primarily
biological
approach
to
river
ecology,
dealing
with
scientific
questions
about
but
referring
throughout
possible
applications
approaches
management.
notion
habitat
templet
refers
suite
environmental
factors
that
face
lotic
organisms
adaptations
traits
enable
survival
in
such
challenging
environments.
How
does
complex,
patchy
whole-river
networks
impinge
population
dynamics
communities?
Species
interactions
food
web
linkages
determine
flow
energy
material
through
communities
lead
ecosystem
processes
metabolism
(the
balance
primary
production
community
respiration)
ecology
nutrients.
stresses
systems
‘open’
exchanging
materials
land
downstream
systems.
can
be
sustainable
part
capital
which
we
all
depend?
In
final
chapter
forward-looking
view
is
progressively
devoted
applied
questions.
Biology
Ecology
Streams
Rivers
seeks
provide
knowledge
necessary
for
their,
our,
future.
We
need
appreciate
‘what
do
us’
reverse
deterioration
waters
an
increasingly
thirsty,
hungry
changing
world.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 17
Published: Sept. 10, 2024
Mosquito-borne
diseases
continue
to
pose
significant
threats
human
populations,
especially
in
developing
and
underdeveloped
regions,
where
access
effective
preventive
measures
remains
limited.
Mosquito
repellents
represent
a
cornerstone
the
arsenal
against
these
diseases,
providing
barrier
mosquito
bites.
come
various
formulations,
including
topical
ointments
commercial
vaporizers,
with
varying
compositions.
Common
constituents
include
deodorized
kerosene
(DOK)
as
solvent,
pyrethroids,
amides,
essential
oils
for
fragrance,
synergists.
Despite
their
widespread
use,
toxicological
profiles
of
remain
inadequately
understood,
raising
questions
about
safety
prolonged
or
excessive
exposure
scenarios.
However,
while
efficacy
preventing
mosquito-borne
illnesses
is
well-established,
concerns
persist
regarding
potential
toxicity
humans
environment.
This
review
critically
examines
existing
literature
on
repellents,
focusing
adverse
effects
health
environmental
sustainability.
Through
an
extensive
analysis
available
research,
this
aims
shed
light
risks
associated
such
dermatological
irritation,
respiratory
complications,
allergic
reactions
humans.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
69(37), P. 11095 - 11109
Published: Sept. 13, 2021
Vector-borne
diseases
cause
around
700,000
deaths
every
year.
Insect
repellents
are
one
of
the
strategies
to
limit
them.
Para-menthane-3,8-diol
(PMD),
a
natural
compound,
is
most
promising
alternatives
conventional
synthetic
repellents.
This
work
describes
diastereodivergent
method
synthesize
each
diastereoisomer
PMD
from
enantiopure
citronellal
and
studies
their
repellence
activity
against
Aedes
albopictus.
We
found
that
cis-PMD
kinetic
control
product
cyclization
citronellal,
while
trans-PMD
thermodynamic
product.
X-ray
diffraction
analysis
crystals
highlighted
some
differences
in
hydrogen-bond
patterns
between
cis
or
trans
isomers.
The
present
paper
demonstrates
(1R)-(+)-cis-PMD
has
highest
repellency
index
using
new
evaluation
system
for
24
h.
(1S)-(-)-cis-PMD
somewhat
lower
(1S)-(+)-trans-PMD
(1R)-(-)-trans-PMD
have
slight
effect.
Volunteer
tests
show
efficient.
effect
could
be
ascribed
interaction
PMD/insect
odorant
receptors
physical
properties,
is,
evaporation
rate.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 20
Published: May 30, 2023
Abstract
Streams
and
rivers
as
ecological
systems
are
distinct
from
all
others
have
played
a
pivotal
part
in
the
development
of
human
societies.
They
form
network
habitats
connected
by
flow,
coalescing
into
bigger
downstream.
dynamic
hydrological
cycle,
draining
landscapes
with
which
they
closely
linked
carrying
precipitation
organic
inorganic
materials
architects
landscape
extremely
‘open’
systems.
Running
waters
vary
profoundly
over
range
spatial
temporal
scales
harbour
diversity
living
things
out
proportion
to
their
relatively
limited
extent.
Most
lotic
species
live
on
or
stream
bed,
though
some
inhabit
water
column.
Many
occupy
both
aquatic
terrestrial
during
lives.
River
organisms
mostly
(though
not
exclusively)
small
short-lived
often
obvious
adaptations
life
flow.
ACS ES&T Water,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(9), P. 4028 - 4040
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Water-based
recreational
activities
can
impact
freshwater
systems,
but
the
resulting
anthropogenic
alterations
to
chemical
and
microbial
composition
of
natural
streams
remain
poorly
understood.
Utilizing
state-of-the-art
analytical
approaches,
including
liquid
chromatography-high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(LC-HRMS),
inductively
coupled
plasma
(ICP-MS),
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing,
we
investigated
changes
in
stream
chemistry
microbiology
from
Clear
Creek
(Golden,
Colorado).
Spatial
temporal
sampling
was
conducted
for
3
days
over
a
summer
holiday
weekend
when
large
influx
float
tubing
activity
occurred.
Nontarget
LC-HRMS
analysis
demonstrated
substantial
differences
organic
fingerprint
on
locations
with
high
use
compared
that
low
use.
Similarly,
increases
total
suspended
solids
were
correlated
particulate
metal
concentrations
(Al,
Cu,
Ti,
Pb,
Zn).
Element
ratios
suggest
recreation-induced
resuspension
streambed
sediments
as
source
rather
than
other
inputs
(e.g.,
Ti/Zn-containing
sunscreens).
Gene
sequencing
revealed
significant
shifts
community,
supporting
an
input
human-associated
enteric
microbiota
during
recreation
periods.
However,
overall
results
indicate
have
short-lived
effect
stream.
In
this
work,
established
first-of-its-kind
holistic
assessment
by
simultaneously
considering
organic,
inorganic,
fingerprints.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(8), P. e0290262 - e0290262
Published: Aug. 17, 2023
Biting
midge
Forcipomyia
taiwana
is
one
of
the
common
pests
in
East
Asia.
Their
nuisance
and
blood-sucking
behavior
causes
problems
not
only
for
human
health
but
also
some
industries.
This
study
aims
to
evaluate
effectiveness
spraying
alkaline
water
on
controlling
biting
population
potential
side
effects
such
approach
non-target
organisms.
Laboratory
experiments
were
conducted
effect
oviposition
site
preference
female
midges
as
well
crickets.
Effect
distribution
pattern
earthworms
was
examined.
Besides,
we
performed
field
manipulative
studies
by
long
term
density,
microalgae
abundance
ground
arthropod
communities.
The
results
laboratory
showed
that
laid
significantly
fewer
eggs
surface
treated
with
water.
However,
treatment
did
affect
choice
crickets
earthworms.
Result
manipulations
long-term
could
reduce
soil
density
midges,
diversity
arthropods.
These
demonstrate
decrease
without
harming
co-existing
organisms
therefore
a
potentially
eco-friendly
control
pest.