Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1988)

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Open AccessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Kruuk Loeske E. B., Brosnan Sarah F. and Neiman Maurine 2022Despite COVID: showcasing new research in evolutionary biology from academic care-givers the middle of a pandemicProc. R. Soc. B.2892022213120222131http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2131SectionOpen AccessEditorialDespite pandemic B. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-1123 Institute Ecology Evolution, School Biological Sciences, University Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK [email protected] Google Scholar Find author on PubMed Search for more papers by , http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-6706 Departments Psychology Philosophy, Neuroscience Institute, Center Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-8115 Department Biology Gender, Women's, Sexuality Studies, Provost Faculty Fellow Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, Published:07 December 2022https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2131The COVID-19 caused unprecedented upheaval programmes careers worldwide. In particular, lockdowns working home are clearly documented have adversely affected those with caring responsibilities (e.g. [1]). Parents who had combine childcare home-schooling while maintaining work were especially likely been negatively impacted, there is strong evidence that such disruption—like so many impacts [2]—disproportionately mothers [3]). Care-giving-related disruption also particularly damaging early- or mid-career researchers, without tenure being most at risk long-term consequences [4]). Inspired suggestions ways academy might seek address some these problems [5], Proceedings B has compiled Special Feature maintained despite challenges, recognizing impact care-givers, particular but not exclusive focus mothers. This aims highlight biology, broadly construed, an emphasis questions emerging approaches. introductory article, we summarize its compilation.We solicited proposals fundamental principles processes within (the area which we, editors Feature, work). Our main criterion was first authors should be (similar pre-tenure typical United States system) provided care young children equivalent substantial care-giving during associated lockdowns. We chose primarily researchers identify as women1, light multiple lines indicating severely impacted women than men [5–7] given other long-standing gender inequities academia [2,8–10]). nevertheless open identities responsibilities, people outside ‘mother’ role substantially affected. wanted encourage geographical diversity submitting authors, hope promoting countries often lack adequate representation scientific literature. include submissions western Europe North America, least because itself currently suffers significant Western bias both publications [11]) editorial board membership, it overcome. conscious societies progress ‘living COVID’, will become memory us would rather forget—and established over year may major issue long term. therefore can serve reminder challenges generated lockdowns, reminders help improve policy when next global crisis comes around.Although accept faced additional pressures COVID, anticipated ‘what about men?’ pushback our women. actuality, received markedly little reaction, relative positive reception evident social media via direct communications. However, appreciate concerns point. want emphasize any way downplaying male early career stages. Indeed, focussing could excellent complement featured here. The restricted exclusively females, women, men, included published papers. Perhaps best response concern point out focused early-career similarly guilty apparently ‘unfair’ exclusion later researchers. cases, support demographic was, average, others; later-career ourselves, entirely different situation regard job stability security. No-one questioned focus.The large call exciting us, though authors' accounts pandemic's heightening already-extreme insecurity made dismal reading. humbled stories perseverance persistence described authors. A common theme emerged related difficulties encountered points aiming transition stage, PhD postdoctoral, postdoctoral independent fellowships; another one child, absence owing demands partners' distance wider family networks. At point, hopefully full evaluations respective gender, location, number (or dependents), partner's career, proximity family, relevant factors, productivity through years (at least) 2020–2022—which substantial, probably disheartening, task. experience remind thoughtful compassionate towards colleagues even ‘routine’ sick ageing members traumas, protection permanent position.In ideal world, vast majority proposed Feature. However space constraints, only invite small subset review. As all journal, accepted relatively swiftly, others required rounds revision, unfortunately, rejected, although review process useful feedback. handful invited based proposal never submitted manuscripts, no doubt part reflection uncertainty time online they now together single print edition. Ultimately, pleased edition heavily woman-biased ratio regretfully, aim increase less successful hoped, five final 18 coming America Europe. outcome disappointing, explore broader issues relating depth future.The contains series featuring mix articles primary research. Some relate directly pandemic: Warrington et al. [12] changes human activity bird behaviour find rapid plastic responses novel environment created pandemic. Zhao [13] provide perspective mutational selection SARS-CoV-2 describing strand-specific mutation spectra painting initial picture RNA editing genomic strands. Frank al.'s comparisons patterns molecular evolution angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, famous host protein bound SARS-family viruses, demonstrate pressure enzymes bats mammals; their results deeper understanding why coronaviruses strike mammal taxa greater severity [14].The non-pandemic cover range topics. Onstein [15] botanical 25 Myr mega-herbivore gap followed extinction non-avian dinosaurs 66 Ma, including speciation slowdowns loss defence traits. Das & Ratnam [16] show phylogenetic overdispersion among evergreen tree metacommunities tropical montane zone Ghats, India, unexpected lineages high elevations patch areas generate suitable microclimates. Lalonde Marcus [17] use combined mitogenomic nuclear marker approach reveal complex story reticulate reconstruct dispersal invasion history nymphalid butterfly genus Junonia, renowned ability spread Considering life-history evolution, Matesanz [18] how inherited negative effects parental stress override adaptive drought wild lupin, questioning value transgenerational plasticity. Ahlawat experimental experiment [19] comparing host–parasite coevolution host-only fruit fly-bacterial pathogen revealed costs post-infection survivorship between coevolving non-coevolving hosts, hinting increased immunity virulence result confer costs. Reviewing current state field mechanisms underlying male-killing mediated bacterial endosymbionts, Hornett [20] argument imposed favouring suppressors involve sex determination pathways.In contrast under-representation females papers, Archer [21]'s meta-analysis quantifies over-representation study subjects studies, birds mammals where information almost double males. Evans [22] five-decade ‘chronosequence’ guppies transplanted high-predation low-predation environments parallel microbiome composition change environmental conditions. Walsman [23] eco-evolutionary model, inspired guppy system, behavioural prey predation lead prevalence parasites grouping behaviour. Kanwal Gardner [24] modelled population viscosity kin selection, finding if conditional upon local density, individuals altruistic neighbourhoods disperse frequently competition relaxed, leading correlation altruism. Reyes [25] tested laboratory brain size correlates sexual traits populations diverse habitats found variation weight region volume across Córdova-García [26] seminal fluid proteins agricultural pest, Mexican fly, regulate female olfactory formation, suggest functions guide future control efforts.Traditionally male–male interactions competition, Saldaña-Sánchez [27] spider monkeys' influenced socio-ecological food availability boundary, others, presence receptive suggesting males male-philopatric, fission–fusion society flexibly adjust relationships allow cooperation competition. Lew-Levy [28] transmission spear hunting BaYaka foragers occurred costly teaching, typically instruction, differs domains learning occurs lower-cost mechanisms. McCullagh [29] studied development auditory brainstem naked mole rats, diverge rodents physiological aspects highly specialized underground lifestyle; divergence, similar hearing onset rodents, developmental differences respects. Finally, collection includes studies practice itself, Roche [30] demonstrating slow improvement last seven completeness reusability publicly available datasets ecology, well effect principal investigator publication metrics. summary, reflects Proceeding B's remit publish science general interest covering breadth biological sciences.The highlighted facing types, access reliable childcare, non-Western non-English-speaking smaller institutions, implicit standards formal training informal upbringing unspoken norms publishing. These systemic, extending far beyond pandemic, shone harsh suite need addressed achieve what believe widely held goal equitable, inclusive community. seems discussions diversity-related goals do still elicit question: ‘Why produce better science?’ briefly here thoughts very landscape. Paramount ethical moral responsibility remove prejudices barriers disproportionately workplace. addition, ‘quality’ concern, then three further follow. Widening pool competitive talent draw quality force numbers [31]. Further, requires just blue-skies thinking, application, communication [32,33]—all rely connection broad audience possible. Also finally, outlook make headway well-trodden paths [32] (think inter-disciplinary progress). recent example Yang [34], gender-diverse teams cited authored makes statement magnified thereby helps establish framework proactive steps aimed countering persistent challenges.Data accessibilityThis data.Authors' contributionsAll gave approval agreed accountable performed therein.Conflict declarationWe declare competing interests.FundingWe funding study.AcknowledgementsThanks office, Shalene Singh-Shepherd Jennifer Kren, Editor-in-Chief Spencer Barrett, assistance grateful Associate Editors reviewers contributed it.FootnotesEndnote1 term ‘women’ mechanism inclusion, recognize dynamic discussion around words spellings inclusive.Introduction Feature: Despite care-givers.© 2022 Authors.Published Royal Society under terms Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, permits unrestricted use, original source credited.References1. 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(doi:10.1073/pnas.2200841119) Next Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited byBarrett S (2023) 2022: review, B: 290:1990, Online date: 11-Jan-2023. Issue07 2022Volume 289Issue 1988 InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2131PubMed:36475441Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1471-2954History: Manuscript received24/10/2022Manuscript accepted10/11/2022Published online07/12/2022Published print07/12/2022 License:© credited. Keywordsacademic careerspandemicCOVID-19care-giversmothers Subjectsevolution Large partnership Dryad

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