Interactive effects of rising temperatures and urbanisation on birds across different climate zones: A mechanistic perspective

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2399 - 2420

Published: March 13, 2023

Abstract Climate change and urbanisation are among the most pervasive rapidly growing threats to biodiversity worldwide. However, their impacts usually considered in isolation, interactions rarely examined. Predicting species' responses combined effects of climate urbanisation, therefore, represents a pressing challenge global biology. Birds important model taxa for exploring both behaviour physiology have been well studied urban non‐urban systems. This understanding should allow interactive rising temperatures be inferred, yet considerations these almost entirely lacking from empirical research. Here, we synthesise our current potential mechanisms that could affect how species respond with focus on avian taxa. We discuss motivate future in‐depth research this critically important, overlooked, aspect Increased pronounced consequence (through heat island effect) change. The biological impact warming systems will likely differ magnitude direction when interacting other factors typically vary between habitats, such as resource availability (e.g. water, food microsites) pollution levels. Furthermore, nature may cities situated different types, example, tropical, arid, temperate, continental polar. Within article, highlight drivers mechanistic birds, identify knowledge gaps propose promising avenues. A deeper behavioural physiological mediating provide novel insights into ecology evolution under help better predict population responses.

Language: Английский

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Interplay Between Pollution and Avian Influenza Virus in Shorebirds and Waterfowl

EcoHealth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2025

Anthropogenic pollution may disrupt wildlife immune function and increase susceptibility to, ability to withstand, infection. Of particular concern is avian influenza virus (AIV), which in its low-pathogenic form endemic many wild bird populations, notably waterfowl shorebirds, high-pathogenic poses a threat wildlife, livestock people. Many pollutants have immunomodulative properties, yet little known about how these affect AIV infection risk specifically. We examined concentrations of immunomodulatory compounds, per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), assessed their influence on three reservoir species, red-necked stint (Calidris ruficollis, n = 121), pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa, 57) grey teal gracilis, 62). Using data viral prevalence (cloacal/oropharyngeal swabs) seroprevalence (AIV anti-nucleoprotein antibodies), we found no significant effect PFASs (total < 0.01-470 ng/g stint, 0.01-600 0.3-200 teal) status our species. This be due relatively low pollutant concentrations, but cannot rule out possible population culling through synergy stressors. therefore recommend further studies incidence more polluted populations or

Language: Английский

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Mercury Bioaccumulation and Cortisol Interact to Influence Endocrine and Immune Biomarkers in a Free-Ranging Marine Mammal

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(14), P. 5678 - 5692

Published: March 30, 2023

Mercury bioaccumulation from deep-ocean prey and the extreme life history strategies of adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) provide a unique system to assess interactive effects mercury stress on animal health by quantifying blood biomarkers in relation (skeletal muscle mercury) cortisol concentrations. The thyroid hormone thyroxine (tT4) antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) were associated with concentrations interactively, where magnitude direction association each biomarker or changed depending concentration other factor. For example, when lowest, tT4 was positively related mercury, whereas had negative relationship that highest Additionally, we observed two hormones, triiodothyronine (tT3) reverse (rT3), negatively (rT3) an additive manner. As tT3 late breeding at median decreased 14% across range We also M (IgM), pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (IL-6), reproductive hormone, estradiol, but not cortisol. Specifically, estradiol molting 50% These results indicate important physiological free-ranging apex marine predators interactions between extrinsic stressors. Deleterious animals' abilities maintain homeostasis (thyroid hormones), fight off pathogens disease (innate adaptive immune system), successfully reproduce (endocrine system) can have significant individual- population-level consequences.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were first detected in St. John’s, Canada late 2021. To investigate the patterns of virus (AIV) infection and immune responses subsequent to arrival H5N1, we sampled wild urban duck population this area for a period 16 months after start outbreak compared these findings those from archived samples. Antibody seroprevalence was relatively stable before (2011–2014) at 27.6% 3.9% anti-AIV (i.e., NP) H5-specific antibodies, respectively. During winter 2022, AIV-NP antibody both reached 100%, signifying population-wide event, which observed again February 2023 following second incursion Eurasia. As expected, population-level immunity waned over time, with ducks seropositive anti-AIV-NP antibodies approximately twice as long seronegative latter six months. We clear relationship increasing levels decreasing viral RNA loads that allowed interpretation course response infected individuals applied two cases resampled infer history. Our study highlights value applying AIV surveillance monitoring provide better understanding dynamics populations, may be crucial global dissemination H5Nx subtypes assess threats they pose domestic animals, humans.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1982)

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Environmental contamination is widespread and can negatively impact wildlife health. Some contaminants, including heavy metals, have immunosuppressive effects, but prior studies rarely measured disease simultaneously, which limits our understanding of how contaminants pathogens interact to influence Here, we mercury concentrations, influenza infection, antibodies body condition in 749 individuals from 11 species wild ducks overwintering California. We found that the odds infection increased more than fivefold across observed range blood while accounting for species, age, sex date. Influenza prevalence was also higher with average concentrations. detected no relationship between fat content. This positive concentrations migratory waterfowl suggests immunotoxic effects could promote spread avian along flyways, especially if has minimal on bird health mobility. More generally, these results show environmental extend beyond geographical area itself by altering infectious diseases highly mobile hosts.

Language: Английский

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Spatial distribution of selenium-mercury in Arctic seabirds

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 343, P. 123110 - 123110

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Climate-Driven Alterations in the Mercury Cycle: Implications for Wildlife Managers Through a One Health Lens

Land, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 856 - 856

Published: April 14, 2025

Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring element, but atmospheric Hg has increased due to human activities since the industrial revolution. When deposited in aquatic environments, can be converted methyl mercury (MeHg), which bioaccumulates ecosystems and cause neurologic endocrine disruption high quantities. While higher levels do not always translate contamination wildlife, museum specimens over past 2 centuries have documented an increase species that feed at trophic levels. Increased exposure pollutants presents additional threat fish wildlife populations already facing habitat loss or degradation global change. Additionally, cycling bioaccumulation are primarily driven by geophysical, ecological, biogeochemical processes environment, all of may modulated climate In this review, we begin describing where, when, how cycle altered change impact MeHg. Next, summarize observed physiological effects MeHg identify future vulnerabilities. We illustrate implications for managers through case study conclude suggesting key areas management action mitigate harmful conserve habitats amid

Language: Английский

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Waterfowl recently infected with low pathogenic avian influenza exhibit reduced local movement and delayed migration

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Understanding relationships between infection and wildlife movement patterns is important for predicting pathogen spread, especially multispecies pathogens those that can spread to humans domestic animals, such as avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Although with low pathogenic AIVs generally considered asymptomatic in wild birds, prior work has shown influenza‐infected birds occasionally delay migration and/or reduce local movements relative their uninfected counterparts. However, most observational research date focused on a few species northern Europe; given are widespread globally outbreaks of highly strains increasingly common, it explore influenza–movement across more regions. Here, we used telemetry data investigate behavior 165 individuals from four North American waterfowl overwinter California, USA. We studied both large‐scale migratory overwintering found varied among species. Northern pintails ( Anas acuta ) antibodies influenza, indicating infection, made stopovers averaged 12 days longer than no antibodies. In contrast, greater white‐fronted geese Anser albifrons 15 shorter Canvasbacks Aythya valisineria were actively infected upon capture the winter delayed spring by an average 28 at time capture. At scale, canvasbacks areas 7.6 4.9 times smaller ducks, respectively, during period presumed active infection. evidence influence mallards platyrhynchos ). These results suggest illustrate bird context‐ species‐dependent. More generally, understanding multihost requires studying multiple taxa space time.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were first detected in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada late 2021, with the virus rapidly spreading across western hemisphere over next year. To investigate patterns of (AIV) infection and immune responses subsequent to arrival H5N1, we sampled wild urban duck population John’s for a period 16 months after start outbreak compared these findings archived samples. Antibody seroprevalence was relatively stable before (2011-2014) at 27.6% 3.9% anti-AIV (i.e., NP) H5-specific antibodies, respectively. During winter 2022, AIV-NP antibody both reached 100%, signifying population-wide event. As expected, population-level immunity waned time, found that ducks seropositive anti- antibodies around twice as long antibodies. The H5 seronegative latter approximately six initial incursion. In February 2023, again result second incursion into Newfoundland from Eurasia, which resulted We observed clear relationship increasing levels decreasing viral RNA loads allowed interpretation course response infected individuals applied two cases resampled infer history. Our study highlights significance applying AIV surveillance monitoring provide better understanding dynamics populations, may be crucial following H5Nx subtypes assess threats they pose domestic animals, humans.

Language: Английский

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Potential use of poultry farms by wild waterfowl in California's Central Valley varies across space, times of day, and species: implications for influenza transmission risk

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(10)

Published: March 5, 2024

Interactions between wildlife and livestock can lead to cross‐species disease transmission, which incurs economic costs threatens conservation. Wild waterfowl are natural hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), often abundant near poultry farms, have been linked outbreaks AIVs in poultry. Interspecific seasonal variation movement habitat use means that the risk transmission wild birds inevitably varies across species, space, time. Here, we used GPS telemetry data from 10 species California's Central Valley, a region where both domestic abundant, study selection farms by diel, seasonal, annual cycles. We found selected for wetlands, open water, protected areas, croplands, meant they generally avoided habitats were likely be farming. These patterns species' ecology diel behavioral patterns, such avoidance was stronger local or partial migrants than long‐distance migrants, during daytime at night. then combined these results with on farm locations map waterfowl–poultry contact Valley. Average strength low, suggesting current placement is effective limiting birds. When abundances AIV infection prevalence, dramatic potential among species. could prioritize surveillance biosecurity efforts regions times relatively high risk. More generally, highlight fine‐scale help identify interspecific, animal behaviors affect health.

Language: Английский

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