Ethical Considerations for Wildlife Reintroductions and Rewilding DOI Creative Commons
Carl‐Gustaf Thulin, Helena Röcklinsberg

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 3, 2020

The recovery of many populations large carnivores and herbivores in major parts Europe North America offers ecosystem services opportunities for sustainable utilization wildlife. Examples are hunting, meat, skin, along with less invasive such as ecotourism wildlife spotting. An increasing number studies also point out the function, landscape engineering, cascading effects values human existence, biodiversity conservation, resilience. Within this framework, concept rewilding has emerged a means to add wilderness through either supplementary release species already present or reintroduction formerly certain area. latter involves translocation from other geographical areas, releases captivity, feralization, retro-breeding, de-domestication breeds which wild ancestor is extinct. While all these initiatives aim reverse some negative impacts on life earth, pose challenges conflicts interest between humans in, example, forestry, agriculture, traffic, disease dynamics (e.g., zoonosis). There welfare aspects when managing purpose serve act tools engineering. These particularly apparent it comes animals handled by humans, captivity translocated areas. ethical clash that can involve suffering actual individual, while contributing reestablishment ecological functions. This paper describes elaborates considerations raised use different purposes, order find ways forward acceptable both involved. ethics finally formulated 10 guidelines suggested management efforts aimed at translocating reestablishing

Language: Английский

Woody plant encroachment intensifies under climate change across tundra and savanna biomes DOI
Mariana García Criado, Isla H. Myers‐Smith, Anne D. Bjorkman

et al.

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 925 - 943

Published: Feb. 19, 2020

Abstract Aim Biomes worldwide are shifting with global change. whose extents limited by temperature or precipitation, such as the tundra and savanna, may be particularly strongly affected climate While woody plant encroachment is prevalent across both biomes, its relationship to precipitation change remains unknown. Here, we quantify degree which related identify main associated drivers. Location Tundra savanna biomes. Time period 1992 ± 20.27–2010 5.62 (mean SD ). 1876–2016 (range). Major taxa studied Woody plants (shrubs trees). Methods We compiled a dataset comprising 1,089 records from 899 sites of cover over time attributed drivers these two calculated in each biome assessed corresponds concurrent changes using multiple metrics. Finally, conducted quantitative literature review relative importance Results was widespread geographically gradients. Rates (positive negative) were 1.8 times lower than (1.8 vs. 3.2%), while rates increase (i.e., encroachment) c. 1.7 compared (3.7 6.3% per decade). In tundra, magnitudes did not correspond climate, greater corresponded increases precipitation. found higher wetter versus drier warming biome, increasing savanna. However, faster more rapid sites, except for maximum Main conclusions positively increased rainfall predicted change, can partially explained interactions Additional likely influences include site‐level factors, time‐lags, plant‐specific responses, land use other non‐climate Our findings highlight complex nature impacts biomes seasonality, should accounted realistically estimate future responses open under scenarios.

Language: Английский

Citations

178
The role of large wild animals in climate change mitigation and adaptation DOI Creative Commons
Yadvinder Malhi, Tonya A. Lander, Elizabeth le Roux

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. R181 - R196

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

123
Trophic rewilding can expand natural climate solutions DOI
Oswald J. Schmitz, Magnus Sylvén, Trisha B. Atwood

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 324 - 333

Published: March 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

107
Browning events in Arctic ecosystems: Diverse causes with common consequences DOI Creative Commons
Gareth K. Phoenix, Jarle W. Bjerke, Robert G. Björk

et al.

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. e0000570 - e0000570

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Arctic ecosystems are experiencing extreme climatic, biotic and physical disturbance events that can cause substantial loss of plant biomass productivity, sometimes at scales >1000 km 2 . Collectively known as browning events, these key contributors to the spatial temporal complexity greening vegetation dynamics. If we properly understand future terrestrial ecosystems, their feedbacks climate, understanding is essential. Here bring together in compare impacts rates recovery, likely changes frequency distribution. We also seek commonalities across contrasting event types. find while high levels damage (up 100% mortality), have capacity for with largely re-established within five years many events. despite leaf area dominant species, compensatory mechanisms such increased productivity undamaged subordinate species lessen on carbon sequestration. These hold true most climatic but less so fire abrupt permafrost thaw, due greater removal vegetation. Counterintuitively, some provide conditions (greening) longer-term, particularly where exposes ground colonisation. Finally, projected causes currently suggest types will become more frequent, tundra thaw expected be greatest severe occurrence regions. Overall, increasingly important consequences ecosystem structure function, feedback climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Trophic rewilding: impact on ecosystems under global change DOI Open Access
Elisabeth S. Bakker, Jens‐Christian Svenning

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 373(1761), P. 20170432 - 20170432

Published: Oct. 22, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Can large herbivores enhance ecosystem carbon persistence? DOI Creative Commons
J. A. Kristensen, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Katerina Georgiou

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 117 - 128

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

104
Trophic rewilding revives biotic resistance to shrub invasion DOI

Jennifer A. Guyton,

Johan Pansu, Matthew C. Hutchinson

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. 712 - 724

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

81
Pleistocene Arctic megafaunal ecological engineering as a natural climate solution? DOI Open Access
Marc Macias‐Fauria, Paul Jepson, N. Zimov

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1794), P. 20190122 - 20190122

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Natural climate solutions (NCS) in the Arctic hold potential to be implemented at a scale able substantially affect global climate. The strong feedbacks between carbon-rich permafrost, and herbivory suggest an NCS consisting of reverting current wet/moist moss shrub-dominated tundra sparse forest–tundra ecotone grassland through guild large herbivores. Grassland-dominated systems might delay permafrost thaw reduce carbon emissions—especially Yedoma regions, while increasing capture increased productivity grass forb deep root systems. Here we review environmental context megafaunal ecological engineering Arctic; explore mechanisms which it can help mitigate change; estimate its potential—based on bison horse, with aim evaluating feasibility generating ecosystem shift that is economically viable terms benefits sufficient play significant role change mitigation. Assuming megafaunal-driven find support for megafauna-based arctic yielding substantial income markets. However, scaling up such projects have effect challenging given number animals required over short period time. A first-cut business plan presented based practical information—costs infrastructure—from Pleistocene Park (northeastern Yakutia, Russia). 10 yr experimental phase incorporating three separate introductions herds approximately 1000 individuals each costed US$114 million, returns 0.3–0.4% −1 towards end period, greater than 1% after it. Institutional friction new technologies reintroductions are discussed. This article part theme issue ‘Climate ecosystems: threats, opportunities solutions'.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
Disturbances in North American boreal forest and Arctic tundra: impacts, interactions, and responses DOI Creative Commons
Adrianna Foster, Jonathan Wang, Gerald V. Frost

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 113001 - 113001

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Abstract Ecosystems in the North American Arctic-Boreal Zone (ABZ) experience a diverse set of disturbances associated with wildfire, permafrost dynamics, geomorphic processes, insect outbreaks and pathogens, extreme weather events, human activity. Climate warming ABZ is occurring at over twice rate global average, as result extent, frequency, severity these are increasing rapidly. Disturbances span wide gradient spatiotemporal scales have varying impacts on ecosystem properties function. However, many relatively understudied different sensitivities to climate trajectories recovery, resulting considerable uncertainty land use vegetation dynamics interactions between disturbance types. Here we review current knowledge their precursors, impacts, temporal frequencies, spatial extents, severity. We also summarize feedbacks among characterize typical loss recovery response using satellite time-series. conclude summary critical data gaps identify priorities for future study.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Ecological restoration and rewilding: two approaches with complementary goals? DOI Creative Commons
Clémentine Mutillod, Élise Buisson, Grégory Mahy

et al.

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 820 - 836

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

As we enter the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) and address urgent need to protect restore ecosystems their ecological functions at large scales, rewilding has been brought into limelight. Interest in this discipline is thus increasing, with a number of conceptual scientific papers published recent years. Increasing enthusiasm led discussions debates community about differences between restoration rewilding. The main goal review compare clarify position each field. Our results show that despite some (e.g. top-down versus bottom-up functional taxonomic approaches) notably distinct goals - recovery defined historically determined target ecosystem natural processes often no endpoint have common scope: following anthropogenic degradation. expanded progress However, it unclear whether there paradigm shift moving towards or vice versa. We underline complementarity time space To conclude, argue reconciliation these two fields nature conservation ensure could create synergy achieve scope.

Language: Английский

Citations

14