The Brain That Understands Diversity: A Pilot Study Focusing on the Triple Network

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 233 - 233

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Background/Objectives: Interest in diversity is growing worldwide. Today, an understanding and social acceptance of diverse people becoming increasingly important. Therefore, this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between individual’s gray matter volume (GMV), which thought reflect brain health, their (gender, sexuality (LGBTQ), origin). Methods: GMV was determined as value Gray Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient (GM-BHQ) based on MRI image analysis. Meanwhile, participants’ calculated answers psychological questions included World Values Survey Wave 7 (WVS7). Results: Our analysis indicated that, group participants with highest (PHUD. n = 11), not only at whole level (t 2.587, p 0.027, Cohen’s d 0.780) but also central executive network (CEN: t 2.700, p= 0.022, 0.814) saliency (SN: 3.100, 0.011, 0.935) were shown be significantly higher than theoretical estimated from sex, age, BMI 5% level. In addition, default mode (DMN: 2.063, 0.066, 0.622) 10% others (n 10), there no significant difference value. These differences PHUD observed when comparing two without controlling for educational occupational covariates or levels. Conclusions: results suggest that requires a healthy brain, centered three networks govern rational judgment, emotion regulation, other-awareness, self-awareness, valuing actions. This first study show structure related people.

Language: Английский

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The “WEIRDEST” Organizations in the World? Assessing the Lack of Sample Diversity in Organizational Research

Journal of Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Sampling data from organizations and humans associated with those is essential to organizational research. Much of what we know about based on such work. However, this empirical foundation may be compromised, calling into question the field’s theoretical findings. Studies often sample relatively similar, narrow contexts, so a lack diversity accumulates in discipline. To conceptualize examine its prevalence across research publications, conduct pre-registered systematic review articles 2018 2022 six top management journals another 2013 additional (not pre-registered). Our assesses country while also exploring within-country factors that are under or oversampled, as size industry sampled organization. We find diversity, for instance, strong bias toward WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) samples an underrepresentation small medium-sized enterprises Based findings past work, introduce conceptual framework along three dimensions: sample’s geographical, organizational, personnel contexts. Additionally, discuss contribute propose guidelines authors, reviewers, editors enhance it. Overall, article seeks improve robustness relevance research, thereby preventing formulation misinformed policies practices both settings broader societal

Language: Английский

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The origins of human cumulative culture: from the foraging niche to collective intelligence

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 377(1843)

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Various studies have investigated cognitive mechanisms underlying culture in humans and other great apes. However, the adaptive reasons for evolution of uniquely sophisticated cumulative our species remain unclear. We propose that cultural capabilities are evolutionary result a stepwise transition from ape-like lifestyle earlier hominins to foraging niche still observed extant hunter–gatherers. Recent ethnographic, archaeological genetic provided compelling evidence components (social egalitarianism, sexual social division labour, extensive co-residence cooperation with unrelated individuals, multilocality, fluid sociality high between-camp mobility) engendered unique multilevel structure where (high-fidelity transmission, innovation, teaching, recombination, ratcheting) evolved as adaptations. Therefore, underlies ‘social ratchet’ or irreversible task specialization splitting burden knowledge across which may explain why human collective intelligence is able produce culture. The perspective complex gene-culture dual inheritance system interprets cultural, morphological origins Homo sapiens process recombination innovations appearing differentiated but interconnected populations. This article part discussion meeting issue ‘The emergence animals, machines’.

Language: Английский

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Cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy

Behavioural Public Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 31

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Abstract Interventions are to the social sciences what inventions physical – an application of science as technology. Behavioural has emerged a powerful toolkit for developing public policy interventions changing behaviour. However, translation from principles practice is often moderated by contextual factors such culture that thwart attempts generalize past successes. Here, we discuss cultural evolution framework addressing this gap. We describe history behavioural and role plays natural next step. review research may be considered evolutionary in policy, promise challenges designing informed interventions. Finally, value applied crucial test basic science: if theories, laboratory field experiments do not work real world, they at all.

Language: Английский

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Tourism motivation: A complex adaptive system

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 100861 - 100861

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Network structure shapes the impact of diversity in collective learning

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract It is widely believed that diversity arising from different skills enhances the performance of teams, and in particular, their ability to learn innovate. However, has also been associated with negative effects on communication coordination within collectives. Yet, despite importance as a concept, we still lack mechanistic understanding how its impact shaped by underlying social network. To fill this gap, model skill simple collective learning show effect differs depending complexity task network density. In find consistently impairs tasks. contrast, complex tasks, link density modifies diversity: while homogeneous populations outperform diverse ones sparse networks, opposite true dense where boosts performance. Our findings provide insight forge teams an increasingly interconnected world: more are connected, can benefit solve problems.

Language: Английский

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The emergence of collective knowledge and cumulative culture in animals, humans and machines

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 377(1843)

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not.The documents may come from teaching institutions in France abroad, public private centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de scientifiques niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement recherche français étrangers, laboratoires publics privés. The emergence collective knowledge cumulativeculture animals, humans machines

Language: Английский

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What Makes Us Smart?

Topics in Cognitive Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 322 - 342

Published: April 22, 2023

Abstract How did humans become clever enough to live in nearly every major ecosystem on earth, create vaccines against deadly plagues, explore the oceans depths, and routinely traverse globe at 30,000 feet aluminum tubes while nibbling roasted almonds? Drawing recent developments our understanding of human evolution, we consider what makes us distinctively smarter than other animals. Contrary conventional wisdom, brilliance emerges not from innate brainpower or raw computational capacities, but sharing information communities networks over generations. We review how larger, more diverse, optimally interconnected minds give rise faster innovation cognitive products this cumulative cultural evolutionary process feedback make individually “smarter”—in sense being better meeting challenges problems posed by societies socioecologies. Here, only evolution supplies with “thinking tools” (like counting systems fractions) also it has shaped ontologies (e.g., do germs witches exist?) epistemologies, including notions constitutes a “good reason” evidence” are dreams source evidence?). Building this, organized distributed knowledge tasks among subpopulations, effectively shifting both thinking production level community, population, network, resulting collective processing group decisions. Cultural can turn mindless mobs into wise crowds facilitating constraining cognition through wide variety epistemic institutions—political, legal, scientific. These institutions aid decision‐making suppressing encouraging use different epistemologies ontologies.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the Dynamics of Cultural Change: A Cultural Evolution Approach to the Psychology of Acculturation

Personality and Social Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Acculturation describes the cultural and psychological changes resulting from intercultural contact. Here, we use concepts "cultural evolution" to better understand processes of acculturation. Cultural evolution researchers view change as an evolutionary process, allowing them borrow tools methods biology. mechanisms such conformity (copying numerical majority), anti-conformity minority), prestige bias famous individuals), payoff successful people), vertical transmission your parents) can cause people adopt elements other cultures and/or conserve their heritage. We explore how these might create distinct acculturation strategies, shaping diversity over long-term. This theoretical integration pave way for a more sophisticated understanding pervasive shifts occurring in many ethnically diverse societies, notably by identifying conditions that empower minority-group members, often marginalized, significantly influence majority group society.

Language: Английский

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Paradox of diversity in the collective brain

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 377(1843)

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Human societies are collective brains. People within every society have cultural brains-brains that evolved to selectively seek out adaptive knowledge and socially transmit solutions. Innovations emerge at a population level through the transmission of serendipitous mistakes, incremental improvements novel recombinations. The rate innovation these mechanisms is function (1) society's size interconnectedness (sociality), which affects number models available for learning; (2) fidelity information transmission, how much lost during social (3) trait diversity, range possible solutions recombination. In general, perhaps surprisingly, all three levers can increase harm by creating challenges around coordination, conformity communication. Here, we focus on 'paradox diversity'-that diversity offers largest potential empowering innovation, but also poses difficult both an organizational societal level. We introduce 'cultural evolvability' as framework tackling challenges, with implications entrepreneurship, polarization nuanced understanding effects diversity. This guide researchers practitioners in reap benefits reducing costs. article part discussion meeting issue 'The emergence cumulative culture animals, humans machines'.

Language: Английский

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