Biology of the avian respiratory system: development, evolutionary morphology, function and clinical considerations DOI Creative Commons
John N. Maina, Emma R. Schachner

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The respiratory biology of birds has been interest to researchers for centuries, particularly owing its dramatically heterogeneous structure, unusual ability non-ventilatory structures invade nearly all parts the body (including skeleton) in many taxa, and exceptional efficiency under high-altitude hypoxia. Advances imaging, experimental developmental techniques, as well recent palaeontological specimens have facilitated new discoveries, analyses progress field. Comprehensively, this theme issue shows origin modern avian system, current controversies how evolution impacted their from molecular, cellular, phylogenetic level. This collection articles addresses field made, gaps our knowledge where needs go, with a primary focus on adult embryonic form function but also touching vocalization clinical aspects biology. article is part ‘The system’.

Language: Английский

When the lung invades: a review of avian postcranial skeletal pneumaticity DOI Creative Commons
Andrew Moore, Emma R. Schachner

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Birds are unique among extant tetrapods in exhibiting air-filled cavities that arise from the respiratory system and invade postcranial bones, a phenomenon called skeletal pneumaticity (PSP). These intraosseous originate diverticula of ventilatory air sacs or directly gas-exchanging lung. Despite long history study, many basic characteristics this remain poorly understood. In hybrid review, we synthesize insights anatomical, developmental, biomechanical paleontological literature to review functional evolutionary significance PSP. Leveraging new data, confirm skeletons pneumatic birds not less heavy for their mass than those apneumatic birds. Pneumatic may nonetheless be lightweight with respect body volume, but is hypothesis remains empirically tested. We also use micro-computed tomography scanning deep learning-based segmentation produce pilot model pneumatized spaces neck Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ). This approach facilitates accurate modelling bone architecture quantitative comparative analysis within between taxa. Future work on PSP should focus cellular mechanisms developmental processes govern onset extent pneumatization, which essentially unknown. article part theme issue ‘The biology avian system’.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Biology of the avian respiratory system: development, evolutionary morphology, function and clinical considerations DOI Creative Commons
John N. Maina, Emma R. Schachner

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The respiratory biology of birds has been interest to researchers for centuries, particularly owing its dramatically heterogeneous structure, unusual ability non-ventilatory structures invade nearly all parts the body (including skeleton) in many taxa, and exceptional efficiency under high-altitude hypoxia. Advances imaging, experimental developmental techniques, as well recent palaeontological specimens have facilitated new discoveries, analyses progress field. Comprehensively, this theme issue shows origin modern avian system, current controversies how evolution impacted their from molecular, cellular, phylogenetic level. This collection articles addresses field made, gaps our knowledge where needs go, with a primary focus on adult embryonic form function but also touching vocalization clinical aspects biology. article is part ‘The system’.

Language: Английский

Citations

1