Development of postcranial pneumaticity in the turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ): insight from the forelimb skeleton DOI
Samuel B. Gutherz, Kristin K. Stover,

Nicholas Sze

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity is a phenomenon in birds which epithelial extensions of the lung–air sac system aerate bones. Detailed development this phenotype remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate changes bone, soft tissue and air space volume developing humerus turkeys using computed tomography micro-computed tomography. Employing two-phase approach, first tracked humeral vivo domesticated between week 10 (W10) W18 post-hatch. In phase 2, analysed marrow change through 22 weeks post-hatch development. Our results indicate that pneumatization begins W2 W4 post-hatch, with spaces expanding distally from proximal humerus. Internal expands most rapidly W7 W9, maximal reached at W15. Increased growth occurs W13 W19, coincident stabilization potential decline relative volume. study highlights dynamic relationship pneumatic epithelium, suggesting expression likely impacted by both within-bone dynamics extrinsic factors related to forelimb function. This work provides necessary gross anatomical framework for subsequent analyses tissue-level cellular mechanisms process.This article part theme issue ‘The biology avian respiratory system’.

Language: Английский

The influence of soft tissue volume on estimates of skeletal pneumaticity: implications for fossil archosaurs DOI Creative Commons
Maria Grace Burton, Juan Benito,

Kirsty Mellor

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Air space proportion (ASP), the volume fraction in bone that is occupied by air, frequently applied as a measure for quantifying extent of skeletal pneumaticity extant and fossil archosaurs. Nonetheless, ASP estimates rely on key assumption: soft tissue mass within pneumatic bones negligible, an assumption has rarely been explicitly acknowledged or tested. Here, we provide first comparisons between estimated air (where internal cavity assumed to be completely air-filled) true (ASPt, where tissues present cavities fresh specimens are considered). Using birds model archosaurs exhibiting postcranial pneumaticity, find ASPt significantly lower than ASP, raising important consideration should investigations evolution bulk density extinct archosaurs, well volume-based archosaur body mass. We advocate difference studies seeking quantify avoid risk systematically overestimating composed air. This article part theme issue ‘The biology avian respiratory system’.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Unidirectional airflow, air sacs or the horizontal septum: what does it take to make a bird lung? DOI Creative Commons
Emma R. Schachner, Andrew Moore

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

In this review, we evaluate the differences between pulmonary anatomy of birds and other sauropsids, specifically those traits that make avian respiratory system distinct: a fully decoupled immobilized, isovolumetric gas-exchanging lung separated from compliant ventilatory air sacs by horizontal septum. Imaging data, three-dimensional digital anatomical models dissection images red-tailed hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis ), common ostrich Struthio camelus barred owl Strix varia African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus ) zebra finch Taeniopygia castanotis are used to demonstrate variation seen in sacs, diverticula We address current state knowledge regarding myriad areas require further study, including comparative quantitative ecomorphology bronchial tree non-ventilatory functions diverticula, fluid dynamics mechanisms underlying unidirectional airflow, post-cranial skeletal pneumaticity, how all these factors impact reconstructions tissues extinct archosaurs, particularly ornithodirans (i.e. pterosaurs + non-avian dinosaurs). Specifically, argue without evidence for septum, should not be reconstructed ornithodirans, despite presence pneumaticity. This article is part theme issue ‘The biology system’.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Biology of the avian respiratory system: development, evolutionary morphology, function and clinical considerations DOI Creative Commons
John N. Maina, Emma R. Schachner

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The respiratory biology of birds has been interest to researchers for centuries, particularly owing its dramatically heterogeneous structure, unusual ability non-ventilatory structures invade nearly all parts the body (including skeleton) in many taxa, and exceptional efficiency under high-altitude hypoxia. Advances imaging, experimental developmental techniques, as well recent palaeontological specimens have facilitated new discoveries, analyses progress field. Comprehensively, this theme issue shows origin modern avian system, current controversies how evolution impacted their from molecular, cellular, phylogenetic level. This collection articles addresses field made, gaps our knowledge where needs go, with a primary focus on adult embryonic form function but also touching vocalization clinical aspects biology. article is part ‘The system’.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Development of postcranial pneumaticity in the turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ): insight from the forelimb skeleton DOI
Samuel B. Gutherz, Kristin K. Stover,

Nicholas Sze

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1920)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity is a phenomenon in birds which epithelial extensions of the lung–air sac system aerate bones. Detailed development this phenotype remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate changes bone, soft tissue and air space volume developing humerus turkeys using computed tomography micro-computed tomography. Employing two-phase approach, first tracked humeral vivo domesticated between week 10 (W10) W18 post-hatch. In phase 2, analysed marrow change through 22 weeks post-hatch development. Our results indicate that pneumatization begins W2 W4 post-hatch, with spaces expanding distally from proximal humerus. Internal expands most rapidly W7 W9, maximal reached at W15. Increased growth occurs W13 W19, coincident stabilization potential decline relative volume. study highlights dynamic relationship pneumatic epithelium, suggesting expression likely impacted by both within-bone dynamics extrinsic factors related to forelimb function. This work provides necessary gross anatomical framework for subsequent analyses tissue-level cellular mechanisms process.This article part theme issue ‘The biology avian respiratory system’.

Language: Английский

Citations

0