Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. m2980 - m2980

Published: July 30, 2020

To compare the effects of treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. WHO covid-19 database, a comprehensive multilingual source global literature, up to 3 December 2021 six additional Chinese databases 20 February 2021. Studies identified as 1 were included in analysis. Randomised clinical trials which people with suspected, probable, or confirmed randomised drug treatment standard care placebo. Pairs reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles. After duplicate data abstraction, bayesian meta-analysis was conducted. Risk bias studies assessed using modification Cochrane risk 2.0 tool, certainty evidence grading recommendations assessment, development, evaluation (GRADE) approach. For each outcome, interventions classified groups from most least beneficial harmful following GRADE guidance. 463 enrolling 166 581 patients included; 267 (57.7%) 89 814 (53.9%) are new previous iteration; 265 (57.2%) evaluating at 100 events met threshold inclusion analyses. Compared care, three drugs reduced mortality mostly severe moderate certainty: systemic corticosteroids (risk difference 23 fewer per 1000 patients, 95% credible interval 40 7 fewer, certainty), interleukin-6 receptor antagonists when given (23 1000, 36 Janus kinase inhibitors (44 64 high certainty). two probably reduce hospital admission non-severe disease: nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (36 41 26 certainty) molnupiravir (19 29 5 Remdesivir may (29 6 low Only had quality reduction time symptom resolution (3.3 days 4.8 1.6 certainty); several others showed possible benefit. Several increase adverse leading discontinuation; hydroxychloroquine increases mechanical ventilation (moderate Corticosteroids, antagonists, confer other important benefits covid-19. Molnupiravir This not registered. The protocol is publicly available supplementary material. article living that will be updated reflect emerging evidence. Updates occur years date original publication. fifth version published on 30 July 2020 (BMJ 2020;370:m2980), versions can found supplements. When citing this paper please consider adding number access clarity.

Language: Английский

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Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19

Cochrane library, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(8)

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Races of small molecule clinical trials for the treatment of COVID‐19: An up‐to‐date comprehensive review

Drug Development Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 83(1), P. 16 - 54

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

Abstract The coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global threat since its first outbreak at the end of 2019. Several review articles have been published recently, focusing on aspects target biology, drug repurposing, and mechanisms action (MOAs) for potential treatment. This gathers all small molecules currently in active clinical trials, categorizes them into six sub‐classes, summarizes their progress. aim is to provide researchers from both pharmaceutical industries academic institutes with handful information dataset accelerate research programs searching effective molecule therapy treatment COVID‐19.

Language: Английский

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Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19: Equity-related analyses and update on evidence

Cochrane library, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(11)

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Side Effects and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines among the Egyptian Population

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 109 - 109

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Background: Knowledge about a vaccine’s side effects and efficacy is important to improving public vaccine acceptance. This study aimed detect the safety of vaccines among Egyptian population. Methodology Results: Data was collected using an online survey from participants who took two doses BBIBP-CorV, ChAdOx1, or BNT162 vaccines. Pain at injection site, muscle pain, fatigue, dizziness, fever, headache were most common after first second doses. The number pf higher in ChAdOx1 than BBIBP-CorV. Most started on day vaccination persisted for 1–2 days. Vaccinated people with past coronavirus infections before developed better antibodies those only vaccinated. side-effect severity greater dose BBIBP-CorV dose, but contrast, dose. more effective one produced immune response similar that Conclusions: Coronavirus well-tolerated, safe, against virus cases. postvaccine mild moderate, which indicated building immunity by body protection.

Language: Английский

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Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: Second edition of a living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (The LIVING Project)

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. e0248132 - e0248132

Published: March 11, 2021

Background COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease that has caused extensive burden to individuals, families, countries, and the world. Effective treatments of are urgently needed. This second edition living systematic review randomized clinical trials assessing effects all treatment interventions for participants in age groups with COVID-19. Methods findings We planned conduct aggregate data meta-analyses, trial sequential analyses, network meta-analysis, individual patient meta-analyses. Our was based on PRISMA Cochrane guidelines, our eight-step procedure better validation significance meta-analysis results. performed both fixed-effect random-effects Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality serious adverse events. Secondary admission intensive care, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, quality life, non-serious According number outcome comparisons, we adjusted threshold p = 0.033. used GRADE assess certainty evidence. searched relevant databases websites published unpublished until November 2, 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted assessed methodology. included 82 enrolling total 40,249 participants. 81 out at overall high risk bias. Meta-analyses showed no evidence difference between corticosteroids versus control (risk ratio [RR] 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79 1.00; 0.05; I 2 23.1%; eight trials; very low certainty), events (RR CI 0.80 0.99; 0.04; 39.1%; ventilation 0.86; 0.55 1.33; 0.49; 55.3%; two certainty). The meta-analyses indications beneficial effects. Trial analyses required information size three not reached. Meta-analysis 0.93; 0.82 1.07; 0.31; 0%; four moderate certainty) analysis (boundary futility crossed) could reject remdesivir reduced death by 20%. 0.82; 0.68 38.9%; (required reached) Fixed-effect effect 0.40; 0.19 0.87; 0.02; intravenous immunoglobulin mortality, but result severely underpowered confirm or realistic intervention 0.63; 0.35 1.14; 0.12; 77.4%; five tocilizumab 0.70; 0.51 0.96; 0.32; 0.15 0.69; < 0.00; bromhexine standard care events, hydroxychloroquine lopinavir-ritonavir death, All remaining comparisons did have enough Nine single statistically significant results outcomes, Due lack data, it perform possible Conclusions No evidence-based currently exists. Very indicates might reduce ventilation; events; immunoglobin More risks bias random errors will continuously inform best practice research Systematic registration PROSPERO CRD42020178787 .

Language: Английский

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Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Iraq; adverse effects and hesitancy

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. e0274526 - e0274526

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Several messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are available to the global population as of 2022. The acceptance vaccine will play a key role in combating worldwide pandemic. Public confidence this is largely based on its safety effectiveness. This study was designed provide independent evidence adverse effects associated with among healthcare workers Iraq identify attitudes who rejected vaccination. We conducted cross-sectional collect data Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm vaccines. Data were collected between October 2021 February A total 2,202 participants enrolled study: (89.97%) received injections (10.03%) hesitant receive Participants either Pfizer (62.9%), AstraZeneca (23.5%) or (13.6%). Most significantly less prevalent second dose than first dose. Notably, more females males. Following dose, experienced vaccine. Interestingly, prevalence infection two doses reduced compared those According vaccine-hesitated participants, insufficient knowledge (29.9%), expeditious development (27.6%) lack trust (27.1%) three major reasons for refusing results our indicated that these do not present significant problem should prevent successful control

Language: Английский

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The role of Substance P in the defense line of the respiratory tract and neurological manifestations post COVID-19 infection

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 6, 2023

Substance P (SP) has been a great interest for scientists due to its unique properties and involvement in various physiological pathological phenomenon. It took almost century the current understanding of this peptide so far. Its role brain gut were initially discussed later on it was widely studied observed cardiovascular system, asthma, traumatic injury, immune response, vasodilation, behavior, inflammation, arthritis, cancer, airway hyper responsiveness respiratory disorders. Involvement SP sudden perinatal death COVID-19 also which shed light vital rhythm regulation initiation cytokine storming COVID-19. This article will provide comprehensive overview researches done understand basic functions different processes cell association with diseases. describes historical scientific journey from discovery until today, including future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Carbohydrate-Based NK1R Antagonists with Broad-Spectrum Anticancer Activity

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64(14), P. 10350 - 10370

Published: July 8, 2021

NK1R antagonists, investigated for the treatment of several pathologies, have shown encouraging results in cancers. In present study, we report on synthesis carbohydrate-based antagonists and their evaluation as anticancer agents against a wide range cancer cells. All prepared compounds, derived from either d-galactose or l-arabinose, high affinity antagonistic activity with broad-spectrum an important selectivity, comparable to Cisplatin. This strategy has allowed us identify galactosyl derivative 14α, interesting hit exhibiting significant antagonist effect (kinact 0.209 ± 0.103 μM) binding (IC50 = 50.4 nM, Ki 22.4 nM by measuring displacement [125I] SP NK1R). Interestingly, this marked selective cytotoxic 12 different types cell lines.

Language: Английский

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Substance P and Prokineticin-2 are overexpressed in olfactory neurons and play differential roles in persons with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 302 - 308

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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