The
emergence
of
symbolic
thinking
has
been
proposed
as
a
dominant
cognitive
criterion
to
distinguish
humans
from
other
primates
during
hominisation.
Although
the
proper
definition
symbol
subject
much
debate,
one
its
simplest
features
is
bidirectional
attachment:
content
accessible
symbol,
and
vice
versa.
Behavioural
observations
scattered
over
past
four
decades
suggest
that
this
might
not
be
met
in
non-human
primates,
they
fail
generalise
an
association
learned
temporal
order
(A
B)
reverse
(B
A).
Here,
we
designed
implicit
fMRI
test
investigate
neural
mechanisms
arbitrary
audio–visual
visual–visual
pairing
monkeys
probe
their
spontaneous
reversibility.
After
learning
unidirectional
association,
showed
surprise
signals
when
was
violated.
Crucially,
effect
occurred
spontaneously
both
reversed
directions,
within
extended
network
high-level
brain
areas,
including,
but
also
going
beyond,
language
network.
In
monkeys,
by
contrast,
violations
effects
solely
direction
were
largely
confined
sensory
areas.
We
propose
human-specific
may
have
evolved
capacity
for
reversible
reference.
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Aug. 29, 2022
Abstract
Two
analytic
traditions
characterize
fMRI
language
research.
One
relies
on
averaging
activations
across
individuals.
This
approach
has
limitations:
because
of
inter-individual
variability
in
the
locations
areas,
any
given
voxel/vertex
a
common
brain
space
is
part
network
some
individuals
but
others,
may
belong
to
distinct
network.
An
alternative
identifying
areas
each
individual
using
functional
‘localizer’.
Because
its
greater
sensitivity,
resolution,
and
interpretability,
localization
gaining
popularity,
it
not
always
feasible,
cannot
be
applied
retroactively
past
studies.
To
bridge
these
disjoint
approaches,
we
created
probabilistic
atlas
data
for
an
extensively
validated
localizer
806
enables
estimating
probability
that
location
belongs
network,
thus
can
help
interpret
group-level
activation
peaks
lesion
locations,
or
select
voxels/electrodes
analysis.
More
meaningful
comparisons
findings
studies
should
increase
robustness
replicability
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
136, P. 104588 - 104588
Published: March 5, 2022
We
conducted
a
systematic
review
and
meta-analysis
of
30
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
studies
investigating
processing
musical
rhythms
in
neurotypical
adults.
First,
we
identified
general
network
for
rhythm,
encompassing
all
relevant
sensory
motor
processes
(Beat-based,
rest
baseline,
12
contrasts)
which
revealed
large
involving
auditory
regions.
This
included
the
bilateral
superior
temporal
cortices,
supplementary
area
(SMA),
putamen,
cerebellum.
Second,
more
precise
loci
beat-based
audio-motor
control,
8
putamen.
Third,
regions
modulated
by
beat
based
rhythmic
complexity
(Complexity,
16
SMA-proper/pre-SMA,
cerebellum,
inferior
parietal
regions,
right
areas.
suggests
that
rhythm
is
largely
represented
cortico-subcortical
network.
Our
findings
align
with
existing
theoretical
frameworks
about
auditory-motor
coupling
to
provide
foundation
studying
how
neural
bases
may
overlap
other
cognitive
domains.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
42(39), P. 7412 - 7430
Published: Aug. 24, 2022
To
understand
language,
we
must
infer
structured
meanings
from
real-time
auditory
or
visual
signals.
Researchers
have
long
focused
on
word-by-word
structure
building
in
working
memory
as
a
mechanism
that
might
enable
this
feat.
However,
some
argued
language
processing
does
not
typically
involve
rich
building,
and/or
apparent
effects
are
underlyingly
driven
by
surprisal
(how
predictable
word
is
context).
Consistent
with
alternative,
recent
behavioral
studies
of
naturalistic
control
for
surprisal
shown
clear
effects.
In
fMRI
study,
investigate
range
theory-driven
predictors
demand
during
comprehension
humans
both
sexes
under
rigorous
controls.
addition,
address
related
debate
about
whether
the
mechanisms
involved
specialized
domain
general.
do
so,
each
participant,
functionally
localize
(1)
language-selective
network
and
(2)
“multiple-demand”
network,
which
supports
across
domains.
Results
show
robust
surprisal-independent
no
effect
multiple-demand
network.
Our
findings
thus
support
view
involves
computationally
demanding
operations
memory,
addition
to
any
prediction-related
mechanisms.
Further,
these
appear
be
primarily
conducted
same
neural
resources
store
linguistic
knowledge,
evidence
involvement
brain
regions
known
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
This
study
uses
signatures
(WM)
story
listening,
using
broad
theoretically
motivated
estimates
WM
demand.
strong
distinct
predictability.
demands
register
regions,
rather
than
previously
been
associated
nonlinguistic
core
role
incremental
processing,
language.
PLoS Computational Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
17(9), P. e1009358 - e1009358
Published: Sept. 17, 2021
The
human
brain
tracks
amplitude
fluctuations
of
both
speech
and
music,
which
reflects
acoustic
processing
in
addition
to
the
encoding
higher-order
features
one’s
cognitive
state.
Comparing
neural
tracking
music
envelopes
can
elucidate
stimulus-general
mechanisms,
but
direct
comparisons
are
confounded
by
differences
their
envelope
spectra.
Here,
we
use
a
novel
method
frequency-constrained
reconstruction
stimulus
using
EEG
recorded
during
passive
listening.
We
expected
see
match
narrow
range
frequencies,
instead
found
that
was
reconstructed
better
than
for
all
frequencies
examined.
Additionally,
models
trained
on
types
performed
as
well
or
stimulus-specific
at
higher
modulation
suggesting
common
mechanism
music.
However,
low
below
1
Hz,
associated
with
increased
weighting
over
parietal
channels,
not
present
other
stimuli.
Our
results
highlight
importance
low-frequency
suggest
an
origin
from
speech-specific
brain.
Neurobiology of Language,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
3(4), P. 615 - 664
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Abstract
Using
individual
differences
approaches,
a
growing
body
of
literature
finds
positive
associations
between
musicality
and
language-related
abilities,
complementing
prior
findings
links
musical
training
language
skills.
Despite
these
associations,
has
been
often
overlooked
in
mainstream
models
acquisition
development.
To
better
understand
the
biological
basis
differences,
we
propose
Musical
Abilities,
Pleiotropy,
Language,
Environment
(MAPLE)
framework.
This
novel
integrative
framework
posits
that
abilities
likely
share
some
common
genetic
architecture
(i.e.,
pleiotropy)
addition
to
degree
overlapping
neural
endophenotypes,
influences
on
musically
linguistically
enriched
environments.
Drawing
upon
recent
advances
genomic
methodologies
for
unraveling
pleiotropy,
outline
testable
predictions
future
research
development
how
its
underlying
neurobiological
substrates
may
be
supported
by
pleiotropy
with
musicality.
In
support
MAPLE
framework,
review
discuss
from
over
seventy
behavioral
studies,
highlighting
is
robustly
associated
range
speech-language
skills
required
communication
These
include
speech
perception-in-noise,
prosodic
perception,
morphosyntactic
skills,
phonological
reading
aspects
second/foreign
learning.
Overall,
current
work
provides
clear
agenda
studying
musicality-language
using
an
emphasis
leveraging
genomics
complex
traits.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 15, 2024
Abstract
Left
hemisphere
damage
in
adulthood
often
leads
to
linguistic
deficits,
but
many
cases
of
early
leave
processing
preserved,
and
a
functional
language
system
can
develop
the
right
hemisphere.
To
explain
this
apparent
equipotentiality
two
hemispheres
for
language,
some
have
proposed
that
is
bilateral
during
development
only
becomes
left-lateralized
with
age.
We
examined
lateralization
using
magnetic
resonance
imaging
large
pediatric
cohorts
(total
n=273
children
ages
4-16;
n=107
adults).
Strong,
adult-level
left-hemispheric
(in
activation
volume
response
magnitude)
was
evident
by
age
4.
Thus,
although
take
over
function
brain
damage,
features
do
show
protracted
(magnitude
strength
inter-regional
correlations
network),
left-hemisphere
bias
robustly
present
4
years
These
results
call
alternative
accounts
language.
Significance
Statement
Language
most
canonical
shows
strong
hemispheric
asymmetry
adult
brains.
However,
whether
already
lateralized
left
has
long
been
debated,
given
leaves
unimpaired.
developmental
trajectory
large-scale
datasets
robust
individual-subject
fMRI
approaches.
found
exhibits
adult-like
4,
other
aspects
neural
infrastructure
clear
change
between
late
childhood.
findings
challengethe
claim
The
emergence
of
symbolic
thinking
has
been
proposed
as
a
dominant
cognitive
criterion
to
distinguish
humans
from
other
primates
during
hominization.
Although
the
proper
definition
symbol
subject
much
debate,
one
its
simplest
features
is
bidirectional
attachment:
content
accessible
symbol,
and
vice
versa.
Behavioural
observations
scattered
over
past
four
decades
suggest
that
this
might
not
be
met
in
non-human
primates,
they
fail
generalise
an
association
learned
temporal
order
(A
B)
reverse
(B
A).
Here,
we
designed
implicit
fMRI
test
investigate
neural
mechanisms
arbitrary
audio-visual
visual-visual
pairing
monkeys
probe
their
spontaneous
reversibility.
After
learning
unidirectional
association,
showed
surprise
signals
when
was
violated.
Crucially,
effect
occurred
spontaneously
both
reversed
directions,
within
extended
network
high-level
brain
areas,
including,
but
also
going
beyond,
language
network.
In
monkeys,
by
contrast,
violations
effects
solely
direction
were
largely
confined
sensory
areas.
We
propose
human-specific
may
have
evolved
capacity
for
reversible
reference.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 4, 2022
Musical
training
enhances
auditory-motor
cortex
coupling,
which
in
turn
facilitates
music
and
speech
perception.
How
tightly
the
temporal
processing
of
are
intertwined
is
a
topic
current
research.
We
investigated
relationship
between
musical
sophistication
(Goldsmiths
Sophistication
index,
Gold-MSI)
spontaneous
speech-to-speech
synchronization
behavior
as
an
indirect
measure
coupling
strength.
In
group
participants
(
n
=
196),
we
tested
whether
outcome
test
(SSS-test)
can
be
inferred
from
self-reported
sophistication.
Participants
were
classified
high
(HIGHs)
or
low
(LOWs)
synchronizers
according
to
SSS-test.
HIGHs
scored
higher
than
LOWs
on
all
Gold-MSI
subscales
General
Score,
Active
Engagement,
Perception,
Training,
Singing
Skills
),
but
Emotional
Attachment
scale.
More
specifically,
compared
previously
reported
German-speaking
sample,
overall
lower.
Compared
estimated
distribution
English-speaking
general
population,
our
sample
lower,
with
scores
significantly
differing
normal
distribution,
∼30th
percentile.
While
more
often
LOWs,
instruments
did
not
vary
across
groups.
Importantly,
even
after
highly
correlated
subscores
decorrelated,
particularly
Perception
Training
allowed
infer
behavior.
The
differential
effects
perception
observed,
predicting
audio-motor
both
groups,
only
HIGHs.
Our
findings
suggest
that
strength
perceptual
aspects
sophistication,
suggesting
shared
mechanisms
involved
