ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISMS OF STRESS TOLERANCE IN REEF-BUILDING CORAL HOLOBIONTS DOI Creative Commons
Emma Strand

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by climate change effects like increasing ocean warming and acidification. These increased pressures cause a dysbiosis between the coral host, algal endosymbionts, associated microbiome that results in host expelling leaving with stark white ‘bleached’ appearance. Without their hosts forced to sustain themselves energetically heterotrophy instead of relying on autotrophic carbon energy sources once came from endosymbionts. When this response, termed ‘coral bleaching’, happens reef-wide during an extreme wave temperatures, is called mass Bleaching Event. The frequency intensity events around world, forcing corals acclimatize survive. This dissertation investigates physiological genomic mechanisms underlying acclimatization stress tolerance two common, reef-building corals: Montipora capitata Pocillopora acuta. In three chapters, I present findings support phenotypic plasticity M. hypothesize contributing this. Chapter 1, conducted ex-situ experiment mimicked environmentally realistic, extended heatwave acidification scenario factorial design temperature pCO2 conditions for two-month period recovery period. Both species’ states were significantly challenged but displayed more favorable photosynthetic rate antioxidant capacity ratio thermally tolerant symbionts. Although survived at higher rates than P. acuta, state was still impacted after months recovery, suggesting marine heatwaves likely induce legacies may impact performance next, inevitable heatwave. 2, further investigated acuta’s response 1 level. We sought test environmental stressors gene body DNA methylation patterns elucidate how sensitive dynamic changes invertebrates. However, when analyzing expression data, our team found polyploidy prevalent samples, which convoluted ability effect addition structure. followed genetic lineage diploid exhibiting highest levels despite lower epigenetic machinery proteins. Despite significant pattern differences polyploidies, acuta populations severely declined (outlined 1), regardless differential ploidy status, species be ultimately too future conditions. 3, capitata, directly comparing bleached (‘Susceptible’) non-bleached (‘Resistant’) phenotypes conspecific pairs. very little diversity among samples there no structure variation context. ‘Resistant’ characterized association symbionts, variability, genes involved death robust cellular response. all chapters suggest both stats bleaching susceptibility phenotype not one mechanism act alone produce particular phenotype. aids elucidating corals, guiding current knowledge face change.

Language: Английский

The coral microbiome: towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of coral–microbiota interactions DOI Creative Commons
Amin R. Mohamed,

Michael A. Ochsenkühn,

Ahmed M Kazlak

et al.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms, some of which are implicated vital functions, such as those related to resilience against climate change. However, knowledge gaps and technical challenges limit our understanding the nature functional significance complex symbiotic relationships within corals. Here, we provide an overview complexity coral microbiome focusing on taxonomic diversity functions well-studied cryptic microbes. Mining literature indicate that while corals collectively harbour third all marine bacterial phyla, known symbionts antagonists represent minute fraction this these taxa cluster into select genera, suggesting selective evolutionary mechanisms enabled bacteria gain niche holobiont. Recent advances research aimed at leveraging manipulation increase coral's fitness help mitigate heat stress-related mortality discussed. Then, insights potential through microbiota can communicate modify host responses examined by describing recognition patterns, microbially derived epigenome effector proteins gene regulation. Finally, power omics tools used study highlighted emphasis integrated host-microbiota multiomics framework understand underlying during change-driven dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

55
Development of a portable toolkit to diagnose coral thermal stress DOI Creative Commons
Zhuolun Meng, Amanda Williams, Pinky Liau

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Abstract Coral bleaching, precipitated by the expulsion of algal symbionts that provide colonies with fixed carbon is a global threat to reef survival. To protect corals from anthropogenic stress, portable tools are needed detect and diagnose stress syndromes assess population health prior extensive bleaching. Here, medical grade Urinalysis strips, used an array disease markers in humans, were tested on lab stressed Hawaiian coral species, Montipora capitata (stress resistant) Pocillopora acuta sensitive), as well samples nature also included Porites compressa . Of 10 diagnostic reagent tests these two appear most applicable corals: ketone leukocytes. The test strip results M. explored using existing transcriptomic data same provided evidence detected strips. We designed 3D printed smartphone holder image processing software for field analysis strips (TestStripDX) devised simple strategy generate color scores (reflecting extent bleaching) camera (CoralDX). Our approaches deployable methods, can be improved future (e.g., coral-specific strips) inexpensive freely available software.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Characterizing transcriptomic responses to sediment stress across location and morphology in reef-building corals DOI Creative Commons
Jill Ashey, Hailey McKelvie,

John D. Freeman

et al.

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e16654 - e16654

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Anthropogenic activities increase sediment suspended in the water column and deposition on reefs can be largely dependent colony morphology. Massive plating corals have a high capacity to trap sediments, active removal mechanisms energetically costly. Branching less but are more susceptible light limitation caused by sediment. Despite deleterious effects of sediments corals, few studies examined molecular response with different morphological characteristics stress. To address this knowledge gap, study assessed transcriptomic responses branching massive Florida Hawai‘i varying levels exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed responsiveness across species sites. Differential Expression followed Ontology (GO) enrichment identified that had largest developmental processes metabolism, while significantly enriched GO terms were highly variable between despite similar morphologies. Comparison DEGs within orthogroups all sediment, there was not concerted gene set morphology or location. These findings illuminate specificity genetic basis underlying coral susceptibility sediments.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Bioinformatics of Corals: Investigating Heterogeneous Omics Data from Coral Holobionts for Insight into Reef Health and Resilience DOI
Lenore Cowen, Hollie M. Putnam

Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 205 - 231

Published: May 10, 2022

Coral reefs are home to over two million species and provide habitat for roughly 25% of all marine animals, but they being severely threatened by pollution climate change. A large amount genomic, transcriptomic, other omics data is becoming increasingly available from different reef-building corals, the unicellular dinoflagellates, coral microbiome (bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, etc.). Such new present an opportunity bioinformatics researchers computational biologists contribute a timely, compelling, urgent investigation critical factors that influence reef health resilience.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Life on the edge: Hawaiian model for coral evolution DOI
Debashish Bhattacharya, Timothy G. Stephens, Amanda I. Tinoco

et al.

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 67(9), P. 1976 - 1985

Published: July 11, 2022

Abstract Degradation and loss of coral reefs due to climate change other anthropogenic stressors has fueled genomics, proteomics, genetics research investigate stress response pathways identify resilient species, genotypes, populations restore these biodiverse ecosystems. Much the conservation effort understandably focused on most taxonomically rich regions, such as Great Barrier Reef in Australia Coral Triangle western Pacific. These ecosystems are analogous tropical rainforests that also house enormous biodiversity complex biotic interactions among different trophic levels. An alternative model ecosystem for studying reef biology is relatively species poor but abundant Hawaiian Archipelago exist at northern edge Indo‐Pacific distribution. The Islands world's isolated archipelago, geographically from Pacific systems. This region houses about 80 scleractinian corals three dominant genera ( Porites , Montipora Pocillopora ). Here we briefly review knowledge fauna with a focus our rice capitata . We suggest this simpler, system provides an ideal platform advancing using multi‐omics genetic tools.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Intron dynamics reveal principles of gene regulation during the maternal-to-zygotic transition DOI Open Access
Kent Riemondy, Jesslyn C. Henriksen, Olivia S. Rissland

et al.

RNA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 596 - 608

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved embryonic process in animals where developmental control shifts from the maternal to zygotic genome. A key step this transcription, and deciphering MZT requires classifying newly transcribed genes. However, due current technological limitations, starting point remains challenge for studying many species. Here, we present an alternative approach that characterizes transcriptome changes based solely on RNA-seq data. By combining intron-mapping reads transcript-level quantification, characterized dynamics during Drosophila melanogaster MZT. Our provides accessible platform investigate can be applied nonmodel organisms. In addition zygotically genes, our analysis revealed over 300 genes express different transcript isoforms splicing, polyadenylation, promoter usage. vast majority of these have potential subject regulatory control, two-thirds encode proteins. Thus, reveals additional layer regulation MZT, new transcripts generate proteome diversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Peeling back the layers of coral holobiont multi-omics data DOI Creative Commons
Amanda Williams, Timothy G. Stephens,

Alexander Shumaker

et al.

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 107623 - 107623

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

The integration of multiple 'omics' datasets is a promising avenue for answering many important and challenging questions in biology, particularly those relating to complex ecological systems. Although multi-omics was developed using data from model organisms with significant prior knowledge resources, its application non-model organisms, such as coral holobionts, less clear-cut. We explore, the emerging rice Montipora capitata, intersection holobiont transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, microbiome amplicon investigate how well they correlate under high temperature treatment. Using typical thermal stress regime, we show that transcriptomic proteomic broadly capture response coral, whereas metabolome patterns likely reflect stochastic homeostatic processes associated each sample. These results provide framework interpreting generated systems, biotic interactions among microbial partners.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Population genetic differentiation of the ubiquitous brooding coral Pocillopora acuta along Phuket Island reefs in the Andaman Sea, Thailand DOI Creative Commons
Anna Fiesinger, Christoph Held, Frank Melzner

et al.

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Abstract Background The widespread Indo-Pacific coral species Pocillopora acuta Lamarck, 1816 displays varying levels of asexual versus sexual reproduction, with strong repercussions on genetic diversity, connectivity and structuring within among populations. For many geographic regions, baseline information diversity is still lacking, particularly in the Andaman Sea. region suffered a massive heat-induced bleaching event 2010 high cover loss branching such as P. . A subsequent 2016, however, revealed mild response pocilloporids compared to other taxa region, suggesting that rare, heat tolerant genotypes had been selected by event. In order test whether this potential ‘evolutionary rescue’ has led low we conducted population survey covering total nine different populations (336 individuals) along 50 km coastal stretch around Phuket Island, Thailand. We used six microsatellite markers assess genotypic determine prevalent mode reproduction (i.e. or recruitment). Results contrast Indian Ocean populations, majority corals study adopted (75% across all populations). At same time, substantial regional gene flow was observed Island differentiation indicated three clusters were separated only few kilometers. Patterns isolation distance over 0.7 – 40 suggest small-scale barriers, changing currents throughout each monsoonal season, potentially contributing locally restricted dispersal larvae. Conclusions occurrence distinct short stretches suggests not extreme impoverishment. While more in-depth genomic analyses are necessary investigate changes following events, our results will help guide conservation efforts maintain likely be dominant future, warmer Sea reefs.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Characterizing transcriptomic responses to sediment stress across location and morphology in reef-building corals DOI Creative Commons
Jill Ashey, Hailey McKelvie,

John D. Freeman

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Anthropogenic activities increase sediment suspended in the water column and deposition on reefs can be largely dependent colony morphology. Massive plating corals have a high capacity to trap sediments, active removal mechanisms energetically costly. Branching less sediment, but are more susceptible light limitation caused by sediment. Despite deleterious effects of sediments corals, few studies examined molecular response with different morphological characteristics stress. To address this knowledge gap, study assessed transcriptomic responses branching massive Florida Hawai□i varying levels exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed responsiveness across species sites. Differentially Expression (DEG) followed Ontology (GO) enrichment identified that had largest developmental processes metabolism, while significantly enriched GO terms were highly variable between despite similar morphologies. Comparison DEGs within orthogroups all there was not concerted gene set morphology or location. These findings illuminate specificity genetic basis underlying coral susceptibility sediments.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISMS OF STRESS TOLERANCE IN REEF-BUILDING CORAL HOLOBIONTS DOI Creative Commons
Emma Strand

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by climate change effects like increasing ocean warming and acidification. These increased pressures cause a dysbiosis between the coral host, algal endosymbionts, associated microbiome that results in host expelling leaving with stark white ‘bleached’ appearance. Without their hosts forced to sustain themselves energetically heterotrophy instead of relying on autotrophic carbon energy sources once came from endosymbionts. When this response, termed ‘coral bleaching’, happens reef-wide during an extreme wave temperatures, is called mass Bleaching Event. The frequency intensity events around world, forcing corals acclimatize survive. This dissertation investigates physiological genomic mechanisms underlying acclimatization stress tolerance two common, reef-building corals: Montipora capitata Pocillopora acuta. In three chapters, I present findings support phenotypic plasticity M. hypothesize contributing this. Chapter 1, conducted ex-situ experiment mimicked environmentally realistic, extended heatwave acidification scenario factorial design temperature pCO2 conditions for two-month period recovery period. Both species’ states were significantly challenged but displayed more favorable photosynthetic rate antioxidant capacity ratio thermally tolerant symbionts. Although survived at higher rates than P. acuta, state was still impacted after months recovery, suggesting marine heatwaves likely induce legacies may impact performance next, inevitable heatwave. 2, further investigated acuta’s response 1 level. We sought test environmental stressors gene body DNA methylation patterns elucidate how sensitive dynamic changes invertebrates. However, when analyzing expression data, our team found polyploidy prevalent samples, which convoluted ability effect addition structure. followed genetic lineage diploid exhibiting highest levels despite lower epigenetic machinery proteins. Despite significant pattern differences polyploidies, acuta populations severely declined (outlined 1), regardless differential ploidy status, species be ultimately too future conditions. 3, capitata, directly comparing bleached (‘Susceptible’) non-bleached (‘Resistant’) phenotypes conspecific pairs. very little diversity among samples there no structure variation context. ‘Resistant’ characterized association symbionts, variability, genes involved death robust cellular response. all chapters suggest both stats bleaching susceptibility phenotype not one mechanism act alone produce particular phenotype. aids elucidating corals, guiding current knowledge face change.

Language: Английский

Citations

0