The arthropod associates of 155 North American cynipid oak galls

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The identities of most arthropod associates cynipid-induced oak galls in the western Palearctic are generally known. However, a comprehensive accounting has been performed for only small number induced by estimated 700 species cynipid gall wasp Nearctic. This gap knowledge stymies many potential studies diversity, coevolution, and community ecology, which systems otherwise ideal models. We report rearing records insects other arthropods from more than 527,306 individual representing 201 different types collected 32 tree North America. Of collected, 155 produced one or animals. A total 151,075 animals were found association with these types, 61,044 (40.4%) wasps while 90,031 (59.6%) arthropods. identified all to superfamily, family, or, where possible, genus. provide raw numbers summaries collections, alongside notes on natural history, previously published associations each taxon. For eight common gall-associated genera ( Synergus , Ceroptres Euceroptres Ormyrus Torymus Eurytoma Sycophila Euderus ), we also connect phylogeny, geography, ecology - including host location (host organ), their co-occurrence insect genera. Though diversity large size communities is such that Nearctic still remain undescribed, this collection identification effort should facilitate testing new varied ecological evolutionary hypotheses galls.

Language: Английский

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Latitudinal gradient in species diversity provides high niche opportunities for a range‐expanding phytophagous insect

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 91(10), P. 2037 - 2049

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Abstract When species undergo poleward range expansions in response to anthropogenic change, they likely encounter less diverse communities new locations. If low diversity provide weak biotic interactions, such as reduced competition or predation, range‐expanding may experience high niche opportunities. Here, we investigated if oak gall wasp follow a latitudinal gradient (LDG) and lower weaker interactions at the poles for community member, Neuroterus saltatorius . We performed systematic surveys of wasps on dominant oak, Quercus garryana , throughout most its range, from northern California Vancouver Island, British Columbia. On 540 trees 18 sites, identified 23 morphotypes three guilds (leaf detachable, leaf integral, stem galls). regressions between diversity, latitude, other abiotic (e.g. temperature) habitat patch size) factors reveal followed an LDG. To uncover patterns local first partial correlations morphotype occurrences within regions). then abundances co‐occurring are putatively competitive antagonistic. Q. ‐gall LDG, with higher latitudes, particularly loss detachable morphotypes. Detachable wasps, including species, co‐occurred trees, co‐occurrences expanded region. Abundances N. integral galls were negatively related, suggesting antagonistic interactions. Overall, found that LDGs create associations might facilitate ecological release member. Given ubiquity nature, moving into communities. Yet, understanding pattern provides is not well explored. Our large‐scale study documenting related phytophagous insects co‐occur host plant reveals opportunities Biogeographical important mechanisms contributing altered under range‐expansions.

Language: Английский

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Ancistroceruswasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from the Centre of Europe: Phylogeny, cryptic species, neutral and non‐neutral markers

Zoologica Scripta, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(5), P. 454 - 474

Published: May 19, 2023

Abstract The aim of the study was to clarify phylogenetic relationships among Northern European Ancistrocerus and comparison applicability evolutionarily neutral non‐neutral markers for reconstruction phylogeny. We used a 19,400 bp long dataset that included parts mitochondrial DNA, nuclear rDNA operon, 10 protein‐coding genes. Application molecular barcoding species delimitation algorithms unveiled presence cryptic species, A. balticus sp. n., in trap‐nesting wasp communities centre Europe. assessed morphological, biological, ecological differences it from sibling trifasciatus updated regional identification key. Phylogeny using presumably resulted different tree topologies. Evolutionary congruence operon with other relatively low. rate genes 7–8 times as high exons genes, therefore, overshadowed ones phylogeny reconstructions. assumed at speciation level, we might consider two patterns phylogeny: one based on evolutionary time changes, adaptive pathways under directional selection pressures. effect applying Spearman's rank correlation between pairwise distances estimated exons, these distances, introns. One demonstrated lack positive correlation, implying variable pressure coded protein. publication has been registered ZooBank: urn:lsid: zoobank.org :pub:13BD28D0‐736D‐4B2A‐B5CF‐4824BD4CDCFB.

Language: Английский

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Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2022

Quantifying the frequency of shifts to new host plants within diverse clades specialist herbivorous insects is critically important understand whether and how contribute origin species. Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) comprise a tribe ~1000 species phytophagous that induce formation on various organs trees in family Fagacae, — primarily oaks (genus Quercus ; ~435 sp). The association oak with ancient (~50 my), most are galled by one or more wasp Despite diversity both their plant associations, previous phylogenetic work has not identified strong signal shifting among wasps. However, emphasis been Western Palearctic Nearctic where considerably rich phylogenetically diverse. We collected 86 from 10 14 major sequenced >1000 Ultra Conserved Elements (UCEs) flanking sequences infer phylogenies. assessed relationships another and, leveraging previously published UCE data, fauna. then used phylogenies historical patterns tree organs. Our results indicate have moved between at least four times, some proximate Nearctic, shifted sections, subsections, often than analysis data suggested. Given demonstrated drive reproductive isolation host-associated populations other insects, our analyses suggest key drivers speciation this clade, especially hotspots diversity. Though formal assessment hypothesis requires further study, two putatively oligophagous dataset show signals genetic differentiation unconfounded geographic distance, suggestive barriers gene flow associated use alternative plants.

Language: Английский

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Host-enemy interactions provide limited biotic resistance for a range-expanding species via reduced apparent competition

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2022

Abstract As species ranges shift in response to anthropogenic change, they lose coevolved or coadapted interactions and gain novel ones recipient communities. Range-expanding may experience weak antagonistic with competitors enemies, traits of interacting will determine the strength interactions. We leveraged a poleward range expansion an oak gall wasp that co-occurs on its host plant other interacts shared natural enemies (largely parasitoid wasps). created quantitative host-parasitoid interaction networks by sampling galls 400 trees. compared network structure function hosts parasitoids native expanded range. Interaction were less diverse range, low complementarity assemblages among hosts. While whole more generalized range-expanding specialized. This was not due loss specialist but apparent competition generalist enemies. Phenological divergence enemy attacking co-occurring greater contribute competition. Given rate extent anthropogenic-driven expansions, it is pressing uncover how complex biotic are reassembled.

Language: Английский

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Insect community composition varies between temperate and tropical regions but functional structure remains conserved

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 583 - 593

Published: March 19, 2022

Abstract Insect herbivores and their parasitoids make up a large proportion of biodiversity, but studies communities rarely involve geographic comparisons. If the community on host plant varies geographically, insect diversity will be underestimated by ignoring this. In addition, functional structure may vary geographically due to differential abundance groups. To address these issues, we compared composition fig wasp associated with Ficus rubiginosa between temperate (Sydney) tropical (Townsville) regions eastern Australia. We sampled figs from four sites per region, twice year for 2 years, resulting in about 14,000 wasps 11 genera 19 sub‐generic taxa. Since two taxa each comprise cryptic species, refer taxonomic below, this is largely at species level. Taxonomic richness (14) was same both nine were shared across regions. However, 10 found only one regions, driving significant difference communities, increasing overall system. The belong five groups – pollinators, small gallers, parasitoids. contrast diversity, did not differ significantly Our results highlight that there can broad latitudinal conservation despite considerable regional differences composition.

Language: Английский

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