The Influenza A Virus Replication Cycle: A Comprehensive Review

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 316 - 316

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) is the primary causative agent of influenza, colloquially called flu. Each year, it infects up to a billion people, resulting in hundreds thousands human deaths, and causes devastating avian outbreaks with worldwide losses worth billions dollars. Always present possibility that highly pathogenic novel subtype capable direct human-to-human transmission will spill over into humans, causing pandemic as if not more so than 1918 influenza pandemic. While antiviral drugs for do exist, they target very few aspects IAV replication risk becoming obsolete due resistance. Antivirals targeting other areas are needed overcome this resistance combat yearly epidemics, which exact serious toll worldwide. This review aims summarise key steps cycle, along highlighting research need focus.

Language: Английский

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Structure of a Sulfated Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine Bacterium Cobetia marina KMM 1449 and a Genomic Insight into Its Biosynthesis

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 29 - 29

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Some marine and extremophilic microorganisms are capable of synthesizing sulfated polysaccharides with a unique structure. A number studies indicate significant biological properties individual polysaccharides, such as antiproliferative activity, which makes them promising area for further research. In this study, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was obtained from bacterium Cobetia marina KMM 1449, isolated sediment sample collected along shore Sea Japan. The CPS by saline solution, purified series chromatographic procedures, studied chemical methods 1D 2D 1H 13C NMR spectroscopy. following new structure C. 1449 established consisted simultaneously phosphorylated disaccharide repeating units: →4)-α-L-Rhap2S-(1→3)-β-D-Manp6PGro-(1→. To elucidate genetic basis biosynthesis, whole genomic sequence obtained. biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) about 70 genes composes four regions encoding nucleotide sugar biosynthesis (dTDP-Rha GDP-Man), assembly (GTs genes), translocation (ABC transporter sulfation (PAPS sulfotransferase genes) lipid carrier (wcb operon). Comparative analysis BGCs available genomes showed presence 1449-like BGC among strains all three species. study natural well elucidation pathways their provides development potential anticancer drugs.

Language: Английский

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HnRNPM modulates alternative splicing in germ cells by recruiting PTBP1

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (HnRNPM) is a key splicing factor involved in various biological processes, including the epithelial‒mesenchymal transition and cancer development. Alternative widely process of spermatogenesis. However, function hnRNPM as during spermatogenesis remains unknown. The expression germ cells at different stages was detected by polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, single-cell database, chromosome spreading assays. Conditional knockout mice were generated to observe development testes male mice. Histological staining, immunofluorescence staining transmission electron microscopy used abnormal sperm from conditional hnRNPM-deficient Coimmunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analyses revealed proteins that interact with hnRNPM. RNA sequencing performed analyse alternative events control In this study, we highly expressed spermatocytes round spermatids, exception XY bodies metaphase. Therefore, cell-specific mouse model investigate role A lack led infertility under natural conditions. Male presented lower numbers sperm, motility, significantly more malformed even tailless sperm. Moreover, found interacted PTBP1 collectively regulate addition, deficiency caused 1617 events, exon skipping Cep152, Cyld, Inpp4b Cd59b. Together, our results suggest regulates mRNAs recruiting required for fertility.

Language: Английский

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Guanidines Conjugated with Cell-Penetrating Peptides: A New Approach for the Development of Antileishmanial Molecules

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 264 - 264

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which has visceral and cutaneous forms. The symptoms leishmaniasis include high fever weakness, infection also causes lesions under skin. drugs used to treat have become less effective due resistance mechanisms protozoa. In addition, current compounds low selectivity for pathogen, leading various side effects, results in lower adherence treatment. Various strategies were developed solve this problem. bioconjugation between natural with antimicrobial activity cell-penetrating peptides could alleviate toxicity treatments. This work aims conjugate cell penetration peptide TAT guanidine GVL1. GVL1-TAT bioconjugate exhibited leishmanicidal against Leishmania amazonensis infantum index. was more active intracellular enzyme CPP than individual compounds. target very important viability virulence parasite within host cell. Docking studies confirmed higher interaction suggested that other proteins, such as trypanothione reductase, be targeted. Thus, data indicated guanidines conjugated good approach developing antileishmanial molecules.

Language: Английский

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Mining and Expression Pattern Analysis of Genes Related to the Regulation of Flowering in Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 168 - 168

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) is an important timber and economic tree species in northeast China. Its seeds serve as both a primary means of propagation significant product. In this study, we identified 12 full-length MADS-box genes based on the flower-induced transcriptome data available our laboratory. These were through multiple sequence alignment screening for conserved structural domains. We analyzed genetic relationships these predicted their physicochemical properties. Additionally, examined expression patterns three SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) across different tissues developmental stages pine. The results indicate that amino acid composition, molecular weight, isoelectric point, other properties gene family Pinus are generally similar, though some individual variations observed. A total from transcriptome, distributed five subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis revealed share similar sequences. Structural analyses showed with sequences exhibited comparable characteristics. Expression levels SVP varied significantly tissues, leaves being markedly higher than buds (approximately 200-fold). not only but also exceeded those tissues. Based findings, conclude primarily play suppressive role process flower bud formation, helping maintain juvenile state under certain conditions, involved growth development its leaves. This research provides basis future studies flowering induction mechanism

Language: Английский

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The high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of Dracocephalum rupestre Hance

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

Dracocephalum rupestre Hance is China's traditional herbal medicine in the family Labiatae with numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-tumor activities. However, genus has no reference genome currently, which restricts research on breeding, cultivation exploration of medicinal properties D. rupestre. Thus, we present high-quality chromosome-level assembly using a combination Pacbio HiFi sequencing Hi-C scaffolding technologies. The final was 435.45 Mb contig N50 49.83 scaffold 59.06 Mb. assembled sequences were anchored to 7 chromosomes an integration efficiency 96.96%. Furthermore, predicted 25,865 protein-coding genes, 98.23% functionally annotated. These results offer valuable resources for understanding genetic basis unique phenotypes will facilitate further study functional genomics this species.

Language: Английский

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Novel genetic markers for chronic kidney disease in a geographically isolated population of Indigenous Australians: Individual and multiple phenotype genome-wide association study

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among Indigenous Australians, especially those in remote regions. The Tiwi population has been isolated from mainland Australia for millennia and exhibits unique genetic characteristics that distinguish them other non-Indigenous populations. Notably, the rate of end-stage renal up to 20 times greater this compared Despite identification numerous loci associated with through GWAS, such as remains severely underrepresented increased prevalence CKD may be due disease-causing alleles/genes. Methods We used albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) estimate ( N = 492) comparison UK Biobank (UKBB) 134,724) database. then performed an exploratory factor analysis identify correlations 10 CKD-related phenotypes new multi-phenotype factors. subsequently conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on all single multiple phenotype factors using mixed linear regression models, adjusted age, sex, stratification, relatedness between individuals. Results Based ACR, 20.3% was at risk progression showed elevated levels ACR UKBB independent HbA1c. A GWAS revealed novel genes MEG3 (chr14:100812018:T:A), RAB36 (rs11704318), TIAM2 (rs9689640). Additionally, eGFR, urine albumin, serum creatinine identified variant mapped gene MEIS2 (chr15:37218869:A:G). Most variants were found either absent or rare population. Conclusions Our highlights population’s predisposition towards collection function. These associations prove valuable early diagnosis treatment further research needed comprehensively validate functions variants/genes.

Language: Английский

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Second generation Al18F-labeled D-amino acid peptide for CXCR4 targeted molecular imaging

Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132-133, P. 108906 - 108906

Published: March 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Utilizing Immunoinformatics for mRNA Vaccine Design against Influenza D Virus

BioMedInformatics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 1572 - 1588

Published: June 12, 2024

Background: Influenza D Virus (IDV) presents a possible threat to animal and human health, necessitating the development of effective vaccines. Although no illness linked IDV has been reported, possibility susceptibility infection remains uncertain. Hence, there is need for an vaccine be designed. Such will contribute preventing controlling outbreaks developing countermeasures against this emerging pathogen. This study, therefore, aimed design mRNA construct using immunoinformatic methods evaluate its potential efficacy. Methods: A comprehensive methodology involving epitope prediction, construction, structural analysis was employed. Viral sequences from six continents were collected analyzed. total 88 Hemagglutinin Esterase Fusion (HEF) isolates obtained, which 76 identified as antigenic. Different bioinformatics tools used identify preferred CTL, HTL, B-cell epitopes. The epitopes underwent thorough analysis, those that can induce lasting immunological response selected construction. Results: prototype comprised nine epitopes, adjuvant, MHC I-targeting domain (MITD), Kozaq, 3′ UTR, 5′ specific linkers. exhibited antigenicity, non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, with favourable physicochemical properties. secondary tertiary structure analyses revealed stable accurate construct. Molecular docking simulations also demonstrated strong binding affinity toll-like receptors. Conclusions: study provides promising framework IDV, highlighting mitigating global impact viral infection. Further experimental studies are needed confirm vaccine’s efficacy safety.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Weissella confusa W1 and W2 Strains Isolated from Khao-Mahk as Probiotic Candidates: From Phenotypic Traits to Genomic Insights

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 604 - 604

Published: June 28, 2024

Growing interest in probiotics has spurred research into their health benefits for hosts. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties, especially antibacterial activities and safety of two

Language: Английский

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