The peculiar characteristics and advancement in diagnostic methodologies of influenza A virus

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant public health concern, causing seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics. These result from changes in the virus's surface proteins which include hemagglutinin neuraminidase. has vast reservoir, including wild birds, pigs, horses, domestic marine animals. It over 130 subtypes based on differences neuraminidase protein. IAV affects all age groups but impacts young children more especially during colder season. Despite development of vaccines antiviral drugs, still major cause respiratory illnesses deaths. Surveillance crucial to detect new strains assess vaccine effectiveness. Detection relies methods like hemagglutination assay, PCR, cell culturing, immunochromatography-based tests. Precise early detection strain for quick treatment using drugs unraveling epidemiological patterns curb epidemics pandemics time. Advancements diagnostic methodologies have enabled us at stages by overcoming limitations previously used tests, further preparing combat future effectively. This review article discusses traditional advanced diagnosis detecting IAV.

Language: Английский

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A Review on the Development of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A review on the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors

Carbohydrate Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 551, P. 109427 - 109427

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Antiviral effect of silver nanoparticles against Influenza A: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

Future Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2385 - 2385

Published: March 7, 2025

The BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid), a proapoptotic signaling molecule of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, is key regulator mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability. Uniquely positioned at intersection extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, Bid links receptor to mitochondria-dependent cascade can also be activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In its active forms, cleaved (cBid) truncated (tBid), it disrupts MOM integrity via Bax/Bak-dependent independent mechanisms. Apoptosis plays dual role in viral infections, either promoting or counteracting propagation. Consequently, viruses modulate favor their replication. deregulation activity contributes oncogenic transformation, inflammation, immunosuppression, neurotoxicity, pathogen propagation during various infections. this work, we explore Bid’s structure, function, activation processes, targeting. We describe induction involvement infections with multiple viruses. Additionally, discuss therapeutic potential antiviral strategies. Understanding pathways offers valuable insights into host–virus interactions pathogenesis This knowledge may facilitate development novel approaches combat virus-associated diseases effectively.

Language: Английский

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Visualizing and analyzing 3D biomolecular structures using Mol* at RCSB.org: Influenza A H5N1 virus proteome case study

Protein Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: March 18, 2025

Abstract The easiest and often most useful way to work with experimentally determined or computationally predicted structures of biomolecules is by viewing their three‐dimensional (3D) shapes using a molecular visualization tool. Mol* was collaboratively developed RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB, RCSB.org ) in Europe (PDBe, PDBe.org as an open‐source, web‐based, 3D software suite for examination analyses biostructures. It capable displaying atomic coordinates related experimental data biomolecular together variety annotations, facilitating basic applied research, training, education, information dissemination. Across , the PDB research‐focused web portal, has been implemented support single‐mouse‐click atomic‐level (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates) bound cofactors, small‐molecule ligands, ions, water molecules, other macromolecules. can seamlessly display from various sources, allowing structure interrogation, superimposition, comparison. Using influenza A H5N1 virus topical case study important pathogen, we exemplify how embedded within tools—allowing users view polymer sequence structure‐based annotations integrated trusted bioinformatics resources, assess patterns trends groups structures, any size compositional complexity. In addition being linked every biostructure Computed Structure Model made available at Standalone freely visualizing multi‐scale rcsb.org/3d-view .

Language: Английский

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The Antiviral Activity of Polyphenols

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by a large variety of plants. These compounds that comprise the class phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins have wide range employment, from food production to medical usages. Among beneficial applications polyphenols, their antiviral activity is gaining importance due increased prevalence drug‐resistant viruses such as herpes hepatitis B viruses. In present review, we provide an overview most promising or commonly used polyphenols mechanisms action focusing on effects enveloped clinical (double‐stranded linear partially double‐stranded circular DNA viruses, negative sense single‐stranded RNA with nonsegmented segmented genomes, positive viruses). The work emphasizes relevance in particular epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate resveratrol, alternative supportive antivirals. could interfere virtually all steps viral infection, adsorption release particles. against especially relevant given risk widespread outbreaks associated remarked recent COVID‐19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Transitioning from Crisis to Control: Reviewing Antiviral Agents Targeting Pandemic Viruses

Future Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Expressing Reporter Genes from the Viral NS Segment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10584 - 10584

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Studying influenza A viruses (IAVs) requires secondary experimental procedures to detect the presence of virus in infected cells or animals. The ability generate recombinant (r)IAV using reverse genetics techniques has allowed investigators expressing foreign genes, including fluorescent and luciferase proteins. These rIAVs reporter genes have for easily tracking viral infections cultured animal models infection without need approaches, representing an excellent option study different aspects biology IAV where expression can be used as a readout replication spread. Likewise, these reporter-expressing provide opportunity rapid identification characterization prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches. To date, rIAV from segments been described literature. Among those, NS segment shown represent track vitro vivo, eliminating approaches identify virus. Here, we summarize status on traceable their applications vivo research.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Viral Structural Proteins on Acidic Phospholipids in Host Membranes

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1714 - 1714

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Enveloped viruses rely on host membranes for trafficking and assembly. A substantial body of literature published over the years supports involvement cellular membrane lipids in enveloped virus assembly processes. In particular, knowledge regarding relationship between viral structural proteins acidic phospholipids has been steadily increasing recent years. this review, we will briefly review functions plasma membrane-associated mechanisms that regulate their local distribution within membrane. We then explore interplay context process two viruses, influenza (IAV) human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1). Among encoded by these three proteins, IAV hemagglutinin (HA), matrix protein-1 (M1), HIV-1 Gag protein, are known to interact with phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and/or phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. These interactions localization likely facilitate clustering proteins. On other hand, via ability multimerize, can also alter may induce acidic-lipid-enriched domains. discuss potential significance property progeny virions. Finally, outline key outstanding questions need be answered a better understanding relationships phospholipids.

Language: Английский

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