Post-pandemic memory T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is durable, broadly targeted and cross-reactive to hypermutated BA.2.86 DOI Creative Commons

Rofhiwa Nesamari,

Millicent A. Omondi,

Maxine A. Höft

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

SUMMARY The COVID-19 post-pandemic period is characterised by infection waves of uncertain size (due to low rates SARS-CoV-2 testing and notification), as well limited uptake or global access updated variant vaccines. Ongoing evolution has given rise recombinant Omicron lineages that dominate globally (XBB.1), the emergence hypermutated variants (BA.2.86). In this context, durable cross-reactive T-cell immune memory critical for continued protection against severe COVID-19. We examined responses approximately 1.5 years since first emerged. describe sustained CD4+ CD8+ spike-specific in healthcare workers South Africa (n=39), most whom had received 2 doses Ad26.CoV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) vaccine experienced at least one infection. Spike-specific T cells were highly with all tested, including BA.2.86. Abundant non-spike (nucleocapsid membrane)-specific detectable participants, augmenting total resources available protection. bulk SARS-CoV-2-specific an early-differentiated phenotype, explaining their persistent nature. Thus, hybrid immunity leads accumulation spike evident 3.5 after start pandemic, preserved recognition mutated variants. Long-term likely provide outcomes Brief Nesamari et al. investigate context pandemic. They show XBB.1 augment overall response.

Language: Английский

Antigenicity and receptor affinity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 spike DOI
Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Liyuan Liu

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 624(7992), P. 639 - 644

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

156
EG.5 (Eris) and BA.2.86 (Pirola) two new subvariants of SARS-CoV-2: a new face of old COVID-19 DOI

Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh,

Fereshteh Ebrahimi, Armin Jahani Maleki

et al.

Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 337 - 343

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 (“Pirola”): Is it Pi or Just Another Omicron Sublineage? DOI Creative Commons
Daniele Focosi, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Fabrizio Maggi

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1634 - 1634

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 sublineage BA [...].

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Antigenicity and receptor affinity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 spike DOI Open Access
Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Liyuan Liu

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Abstract Although the COVID-19 pandemic has officially ended 1 , SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve. Recent infections have been dominated by XBB.1.5 EG.5.1 subvariants 2 . A new subvariant designated BA.2.86 just emerged, spreading 21 countries in 5 continents 3 This virus contains 34 spike mutations compared its BA.2 predecessor, thereby raising concerns about propensity evade existing antibodies. We examined antigenicity using human sera monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Reassuringly, was not more resistant than EG.5.1, indicating that would a growth advantage this regard. Importantly, from patients who had XBB breakthrough infection exhibited robust neutralizing activity against all viruses tested, suggesting upcoming monovalent vaccines could confer added protection. The finding longer genetic distance of did yield larger antigenic partially explained mAb data. While showed greater resistance mAbs subdomain (SD1) receptor-binding domain (RBD) class epitopes, it sensitive 4/1 epitopes “inner face” RBD is exposed only when “up” position. also identified six mediate antibody resistance, including E554K threatens SD1 clinical development. remarkably high receptor affinity. ultimate trajectory variant will soon be revealed continuing surveillance, but worldwide worrisome.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Evaluation of the cross reactivity of neutralising antibody response in vaccinated human and convalescent hamster sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants up to and including JN.1 using an authentic virus neutralisation assay DOI Open Access
Naomi S. Coombes, Kevin R. Bewley, Yann Le Duff

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Abstract New vaccines, therapeutics and immunity elicited by natural infection create evolutionary pressure on SARS-CoV-2 to evolve adapt evade vaccine-induced infection-elicited immunity. Vaccine developers thus find themselves in an “arms race” with the virus. The ongoing assessment of emerging variants remains essential as global community transitions from emergency response a long-term management plan. Here, we describe how authentic virus neutralisation assay using low passage clinical isolates has been employed monitor resistance neutralising antibodies humans experimentally infected hamsters. Sera plasma people who received three doses vaccine well those bivalent booster were assessed against variants, up including JN.1. Contemporary or recent showed substantial had ancestral but still effectively neutralised individuals (ancestral/BA.1). In our studies, however, JN.1 VOI was found be significantly more resistant ancestral/BA.1 boost. Convalescent sera hamsters that one seven (ancestral, BA.1, BA.4, BA.5.2.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.3) also tested here. contemporary variant, BA.2.86, XBB.1.5 XBB.1.16 it not BA.5.2.1. These data support recommendations given WHO new required should consist XBB sub-lineage antigen.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variant BA.2.86 is attenuated in hamsters DOI Creative Commons
Vanessa Herder, Diogo Corrêa Mendonça, Nicole Upfold

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 12, 2023

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to risk-assess newly in near “real-time” estimate their potential threat public health. The recently Omicron sub-variant BA.2.86 raised concerns as it carries high number of mutations compared its predecessors. Here, we assessed virulence hamsters. We pathogenesis and BA.2.75, latter one most virulent sub-variants this animal model. Using digital pathology pipelines, quantified extent pulmonary lesions measuring T cell macrophage infiltrates, addition alveolar epithelial hyperplasia. also body weight loss, clinical symptoms, virus load oropharyngeal swabs, replication respiratory tract. Our data show that displays an attenuated phenotype hamsters, suggesting poses no greater risk health than parental sub-variants. Article summary line

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.86 and EG.5.1 by antibodies induced by earlier infection or vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Ria Lassaunière, Charlotta Polacek, Sharmin Baig

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

Abstract Highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.86 emerged in July 2023. We investigated the neutralisation of isolated virus by antibodies induced earlier infection or vaccination. The titres for were comparable to those XBB.1 and EG.5.1, XBB.1.5 BA.4/5 breakthrough

Language: Английский

Citations

4
A triggering structure of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 spike upon ACE2 binding for receptor-binding domain up DOI Creative Commons
Takao Hashiguchi,

Hisano Yajima,

Yuki Anraku

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

Abstract Since 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has undergone mutations, resulting in pandemic and epidemic waves. The spike protein, crucial for cellular entry, is believed to bind the ACE2 receptor exclusively when its receptor-binding domain (RBD) adopts “up” conformation. However, whether binds RBD or also interacts with “down” facilitate conformational shift RBD-up remains unclear. Here, we present structures of BA.2.86 alone bound ACE2. N354-linked glycan contributes neutralizing antibody evasion BA.2.86. Notably, successfully observed ACE2-bound RBD, indicating a trigger structure before wider mobile angle RBDs state provides space interact facilitating transition state. These structural insights into spike-protein dynamics would help understand mechanisms underlying infection neutralization.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Broad-spectrum coronavirus neutralization induced by hetero RBD-Fc protein vaccine DOI Open Access

Chaoyue Zhao,

Guonan Cai,

Shuai Jiang

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 23, 2024

In the landscape of infectious diseases, human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 pose significant threats, characterized by severe respiratory illnesses notable resistance to conventional treatments due their rapid evolution emergence diverse variants, particularly within SARS-CoV-2. This study investigates development broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines using heterodimeric RBD-Fc proteins engineered through ‘Knob-into-Hole’ technique. We constructed various recombinant incorporating receptor-binding domains (RBDs) different coronaviruses. Heterodimers combining RBDs from with those SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV elicited superior neutralizing responses compared homodimeric in murine models. Additionally, heterotetrameric proteins, specifically D614G_Delta/BA.1_XBB.1.5-RBD MERS_D614G/BA.1_XBB.1.5-RBD, demonstrated remarkable breadth potency all known related sarbecoviruses like GD-Pangolin WIV1, even pseudoviruses. Furthermore, these also enhanced cellular immune responses. These findings underscore potential hetero a universal vaccine strategy against current future threats.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Post-pandemic memory T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is durable, broadly targeted and cross-reactive to hypermutated BA.2.86 DOI Creative Commons

Rofhiwa Nesamari,

Millicent A. Omondi,

Maxine A. Höft

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

SUMMARY The COVID-19 post-pandemic period is characterised by infection waves of uncertain size (due to low rates SARS-CoV-2 testing and notification), as well limited uptake or global access updated variant vaccines. Ongoing evolution has given rise recombinant Omicron lineages that dominate globally (XBB.1), the emergence hypermutated variants (BA.2.86). In this context, durable cross-reactive T-cell immune memory critical for continued protection against severe COVID-19. We examined responses approximately 1.5 years since first emerged. describe sustained CD4+ CD8+ spike-specific in healthcare workers South Africa (n=39), most whom had received 2 doses Ad26.CoV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) vaccine experienced at least one infection. Spike-specific T cells were highly with all tested, including BA.2.86. Abundant non-spike (nucleocapsid membrane)-specific detectable participants, augmenting total resources available protection. bulk SARS-CoV-2-specific an early-differentiated phenotype, explaining their persistent nature. Thus, hybrid immunity leads accumulation spike evident 3.5 after start pandemic, preserved recognition mutated variants. Long-term likely provide outcomes Brief Nesamari et al. investigate context pandemic. They show XBB.1 augment overall response.

Language: Английский

Citations

0