Fortifying defenses: Tactical safety protocols for COVID-19 sub-variant JN.1 in healthcare and laboratory settings

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 78 - 84

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

A BSTRACT Introduction: Primary care physicians are crucial in fighting COVID-19, especially with the emergence of new JN.1 sub-variant. Measures to Reduce Risk: Given your direct exposure infected patients, it is imperative establish a protocol for triaging patients respiratory symptoms and uphold minimum distance 2 meters between primary physicians. Patients suspected or diagnosed sub-variant should be advised wear surgical masks their protection others protection. must also use personal protective equipment (PPE) maintain strict hand hygiene practices when dealing these patients. Patient samples treated as high risk contamination, laboratory procedures meticulously evaluated potential hazards. PPE tailored procedure. Conclusion: To protect health well-being physicians, who play critical role addressing challenges, essential strictly adhere infection control measures.

Language: Английский

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Immune escape of Omicron lineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.5.1, BQ.1, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1 and JN.1.1 after vaccination, infection and hybrid immunity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

In the 5th year after emergence of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron lineages continue to evolve and cause infections. Here, we used eight authentic SARS-CoV-2 isolates assess their capacity escape immunity different exposure histories replicative in polarized human airway epithelial cells (HAE) derived from nasal bronchial epithelium. Using live-virus neutralization assays 108 sera or plasma immunological backgrounds, progressive immune was observed B.1 (ancestral virus) EG.5.1, but no significant difference between EG.5.1 JN.1.1. Vaccinated individuals without natural infection with a single infection, vaccination showed markedly reduced completely lost against latest variants, while those hybrid almost all some capacity. Furthermore, although absolute titers differed groups, pattern variants remains comparable strongest loss for variants. vitro studies HAE at 33 degree C 37 some, minor differences virus replication innate responses upon infection. Notably, XBB.1.5, JN.1.1 slightly increased viral growth C. Altogether, these data underscore increasing across heterogeneous backgrounds gradually antibody evolving until variant not any further dominant lineage They also suggest that dynamics within are driven by combination evasion increase replication.

Language: Английский

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Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 6, 2024

Abstract Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such rare due population immunity from infections and vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers breadth matched human hamster pre-Omicron variant primary correlate well generate similar antigenic maps. The map shows modest drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 BA.4/BA.5 within the cluster, five six-fold differences between these XBB.1.5. Compared following only ancestral or bivalent vaccinations, post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster had broadest against although a five-fold titer difference was still observed variants. These findings suggest antibody coverage antigenically divergent could be improved vaccine antigen.

Language: Английский

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Human and hamster sera correlate well in identifying antigenic drift among SARS-CoV-2 variants, including JN.1

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such rare due population immunity from infections and vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers breadth matched human hamster pre-Omicron variant primary correlate well generate similar antigenic maps. The map shows modest drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 BA.4/BA.5 within the cluster, fivefold sixfold differences between these XBB.1.5. Compared following only ancestral or bivalent vaccinations, post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster had broadest against although a titer difference was still observed variants. These findings suggest antibody coverage antigenically divergent could be improved vaccine antigen. IMPORTANCE Updates antigens depend on assessing how much differ newer Human single ideal discriminating now high immunity. It remains unclear whether experimentally infected animals substitute assessments. This report variant-matched recognize similarly, indicating can proxy We further an broadly neutralized were lower more recent variant. support updating current composition developing framework in future using sera.

Language: Английский

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Immunogenicity and safety of an Omicron XBB.1.16 adapted vaccine for COVID-19: Interim results from a randomized, controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 19, 2024

Abstract Background Global COVID-19 vaccination adapts to protect populations from emerging variants. This communication presents interim findings the new Omicron XBB adapted PHH-1V81 vaccine compared a mRNA against and JN.1 SARS-CoV-2 strains. Methods In Phase IIb/III pivotal trial, adults previously vaccinated with primary scheme at least one booster dose of an EU-approved randomly received either or BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 as single dose. The efficacy endpoint assessed neutralisation titers XBB.1.16 variant day 14. Secondary endpoints evaluated neutralization cellular immunity different Safety comprised solicited reactions up 7 post-vaccination serious adverse events until cut-off date analysis. Changes in humoral responses were reported GMT GMFR by PBNA VNA. Results At date, immunogenicity assessments included 599 participants. Both boosters elicited neutralizing antibodies XBB.1.5, inducing higher response for all PHH-1V8 triggers superior XBBs variants vaccine. Subgroup analysis consistently revealed antibody across age groups, number prior shots, infection history. involved 607 participants 14 visit, revealing favourable safety profiles without any vaccine-related (12 th December 2023). Conclusions demonstrates superiority on agains non-inferiority profile lower reactogenicity, confirming its potential candidate.

Language: Английский

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Antigenic Cartography of SARS-CoV-2

Biochemistry (Moscow), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(5), P. 862 - 871

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Global variation in prior exposure shapes antibody neutralization profiles of SARS-CoV-2 variants up to BA.2.86

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, BA.2.86, and its descendants are now the most frequently sequenced variants of SARS-CoV-2. We analyze antibody neutralization data from eight laboratories UK, USA, Denmark, China, including two datasets assessing effect XBB.1.5 vaccines, to determine infection vaccination history on up produce landscapes describe these profiles. find evidence for lower levels immune imprinting pre-Omicron in sera collected Denmark which may be explained by circulation ancestral variant countries, use an inactivated virus vaccine China.

Language: Английский

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Omicron XBB.1.16-Adapted Vaccine for COVID-19: Interim Immunogenicity and Safety Clinical Trial Results

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 840 - 840

Published: July 25, 2024

(1) Background: The global coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination adapts to protect populations from emerging variants. This communication presents interim findings the new Omicron XBB.1.16-adapted PHH-1V81 protein-based vaccine compared an XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA against various acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains. (2) Methods: In a Phase IIb/III pivotal trial, adults previously vaccinated with primary scheme and at least one booster dose of EU-approved randomly received either or BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 as single dose. efficacy endpoint assessed neutralization titers XBB.1.16 variant day 14. Secondary endpoints evaluated cellular immunity different Safety comprised solicited reactions up 7 post-vaccination serious adverse events until cut-off date analysis. Changes in humoral responses were by pseudovirion-based virus assays. (3) Results: At date, immunogenicity assessments included 599 participants. Both boosters elicited neutralizing antibodies XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, JN.1, inducing higher response for all PHH-1V8 triggers superior antibody XBB variants vaccine. A subgroup analysis consistently revealed across age groups, SARS-CoV-2 infection history, number prior shots. safety (n = 607) 14 visit favorable profiles without any vaccine-related events. (4) Conclusions: demonstrates superiority on non-inferiority JN.1 profile lower reactogenicity, confirming its potential candidate.

Language: Английский

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Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 (review)

Биохимия, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(5), P. 843 - 853

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Antigenic cartography is a tool for interpreting and visualizing antigenic differences between virus variants based on virus-neutralization data. This approach has been successfully used in influenza vaccine seed strain selection. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escaping vaccine-induced antibody response, adjusting COVID-19 vaccines become essential. review provides information obtained by cartography. Moreover, it explores potential cartography-based methods, such as building landscapes neutralization breadth gain plots, quantitative assessment response. Understanding possibilities formed humoral immunity aids prompt modification preventative against COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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