DNA Methylation in Mammals

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. a019133 - a019133

Published: May 1, 2014

En Li1 and Yi Zhang2 1China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China 2Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Correspondence: en.li{at}novartis.com

Language: Английский

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RNAi and Heterochromatin Assembly

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. a019323 - a019323

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Robert Martienssen1 and Danesh Moazed2 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Harbor, New York 11724 2Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5730 Correspondence: danesh{at}hms.harvard.edu

Language: Английский

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DNA Methylation: Shared and Divergent Features across Eukaryotes

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 35(11), P. 818 - 827

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin States inSchizosaccharomyces pombe

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. a018770 - a018770

Published: July 1, 2015

Robin C. Allshire1 and Karl Ekwall2 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, United Kingdom 2Department Biosciences Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Center Biosciences, NOVUM, S-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden Correspondence: karl.ekwall{at}ki.se

Language: Английский

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Clusters of Multiple Mutations: Incidence and Molecular Mechanisms

Annual Review of Genetics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 243 - 267

Published: Nov. 23, 2015

It has been long understood that mutation distribution is not completely random across genomic space and in time. Indeed, recent surprising discoveries identified multiple simultaneous mutations occurring tiny regions within chromosomes while the rest of genome remains relatively mutation-free. Mechanistic elucidation these phenomena, called showers, clusters, or kataegis, parallel with findings abundant clustered mutagenesis cancer genomes, ongoing. So far, combination factors most important for induction DNA lesions unusually persistent single-strand intermediates. In addition to being a fascinating phenomenon, also became an indispensable tool identifying previously unrecognized major source cancer, APOBEC cytidine deaminases. Future research on may shed light onto mechanistic details maintenance, potentially profound implications human health.

Language: Английский

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Current Insights in Fungal Importance—A Comprehensive Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1384 - 1384

Published: May 24, 2023

Besides plants and animals, the Fungi kingdom describes several species characterized by various forms applications. They can be found in all habitats play an essential role excellent functioning of ecosystem, for example, as decomposers plant material cycling carbon nutrients or symbionts plants. Furthermore, fungi have been used many sectors centuries, from producing food, beverages, medications. Recently, they gained significant recognition protecting environment, agriculture, industrial The current article intends to review beneficial roles a vast range applications, such production enzymes pigments, applications regarding food pharmaceutical industries, research domains, well negative impacts (secondary metabolites production, etiological agents diseases plants, humans, deteriogenic agents).

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary implications of epigenetic inheritance

Interface Focus, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. 20160135 - 20160135

Published: Aug. 18, 2017

The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (MS) forged in the mid-twentieth century was built on a notion of heredity that excluded soft inheritance, inheritance effects developmental modifications. However, discovery molecular mechanisms generate random and developmentally induced epigenetic variations is leading to broadening biological has consequences for ideas about evolution. After presenting some old challenges MS were raised, among others, by Karl Popper, I discuss recent research which provides experimental theoretical support these challenges. There now good evidence ubiquitous involved adaptive evolution macroevolution. argue many evolutionary open up new areas require extension synthesis beyond current neo-Darwinian model.

Language: Английский

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Repeat-Induced Point Mutation and Other Genome Defense Mechanisms in Fungi

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: July 15, 2017

Transposable elements have colonized the genomes of nearly all organisms, including fungi. Although transposable may sometimes provide beneficial functions to their hosts overall impact is considered deleterious. As a result, activity needs be counterbalanced by host genome defenses. In fungi, primary defense mechanisms include repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) and methylation induced premeiotically, meiotic silencing unpaired DNA, sex-induced silencing, cosuppression (also known as somatic quelling), cotranscriptional RNA surveillance. Recent studies filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa shown that process repeat recognition for RIP apparently involves interactions between coaligned double-stranded segments chromosomal DNA. These also can mediated conserved pathway establishes transcriptional (heterochromatic) repetitive light these new findings, emerges specialized case general phenomenon heterochromatic

Language: Английский

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Histone Methylation by SET Domain Proteins in Fungi

Annual Review of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 413 - 439

Published: July 18, 2017

Histone-modifying enzymes are responsible for regulating transcription, recombination, DNA repair, replication, chromatid cohesion, and chromosome segregation. Fungi ideally suited comparative chromatin biology because sequencing of numerous genomes from many clades is coupled to existing rich methodology that allows truly holistic approaches, integrating evolutionary with mechanistic molecular ecology, promising applications in medicine or plant pathology. While genome information rich, studies on histone modifications largely restricted two yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Schizosaccharomyces pombe, one filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa-three species arguably not representative this diverse kingdom. Here, methylation serves as a paradigm illustrate the roles may play more complex fungal life cycles. This review summarizes recent advances our understanding H3 at sites associated active lysine 4 36 (H3K4, H3K36); site formation constitutive heterochromatin, 9 (H3K9); facultative 27 (H3K27). Special attention paid differences how marks interact different taxa.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics of Ciliates

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 5(12), P. a017764 - a017764

Published: Dec. 1, 2013

Douglas L. Chalker1, Eric Meyer2 and Kazufumi Mochizuki3 1Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 2Institut de Biologie l'Ecole Normale Suprieure, CNRS UMR8197– INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France 3Institute Molecular Biotechnology the Austrian Academy Sciences (IMBA), A-1030 Vienna, Austria Correspondence: dchalker{at}biology2.wustl.edu

Language: Английский

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