Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
23(8), P. 2379 - 2391
Published: May 1, 2018
Social
interactions
are
essential
to
our
mental
health,
and
a
deficit
in
social
is
hallmark
characteristic
of
numerous
brain
disorders.
Various
subregions
within
the
medial
temporal
lobe
have
been
implicated
memory,
but
underlying
mechanisms
that
tune
these
neural
circuits
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
demonstrate
optical
activation
excitatory
entorhinal
cortical
perforant
projections
dentate
gyrus
(EC-DG)
necessary
sufficient
for
memory
retrieval.
We
further
show
inducible
disruption
p21-activated
kinase
(PAK)
signaling,
key
pathway
important
cytoskeletal
reorganization,
EC-DG
circuit
leads
impairments
synaptic
function
recognition
and,
importantly,
optogenetic
terminals
reverses
deficits
transgenic
mice.
These
results
provide
compelling
evidence
underlies
recall
PAK
signaling
may
play
critical
role
modulating
this
process.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
7(5), P. a021709 - a021709
Published: April 15, 2015
Robert
D.
Hawkins1,2
and
John
H.
Byrne3
1Department
of
Neuroscience,
Columbia
University,
New
York,
York
10032
2New
State
Psychiatric
Institute,
3Department
Neurobiology
Anatomy,
The
University
Texas
Medical
School
at
Houston,
77030
Correspondence:
rdh1{at}columbia.edu
Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
369(6501), P. 270 - 275
Published: June 11, 2020
Brain
synapses
through
the
life
span
Excitatory
connect
neurons
in
brain
to
build
circuits
that
enable
behavior.
Cizeron
et
al.
surveyed
mouse
from
birth
old
age
and
present
data
as
a
community
resource,
Mouse
Lifespan
Synaptome
Atlas
(see
Perspective
by
Micheva
).
Molecular
morphological
features
defined
37
subtypes
of
synapses.
Although
synapse
density
generally
increased
early
development
declined
age,
details
differed
different
areas.
Science
this
issue
p.
270
;
see
also
253
Posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
is
a
serious
psychosis
leading
to
cognitive
impairment.
To
restore
functions
for
patients,
the
main
treatments
are
based
on
medication
or
rehabilitation
training
but
with
limited
effectiveness
and
strong
side
effects.
Here,
we
demonstrate
new
treatment
approach
PTSD
by
using
terahertz
(THz)
photons
stimulating
hippocampal
CA3
subregion.
We
verified
that
this
method
can
nonthermally
function
in
rats
vivo.
After
THz
photon
irradiation,
rats’
recognitive
index
improved
about
10%
novel
object
recognition
test,
accuracy
100%
shuttler
box
numbers
identify
target
was
5
times
lower
Barnes
maze
rate
of
staying
arm
increased
approximately
40%
Y-maze
test.
Further
experimental
studies
found
(34.5
THz)
irradiation
could
improve
expression
NR2B
(increased
nearly
40%)
phosphorylated
50%).
In
addition,
molecular
dynamics
simulations
showed
at
frequency
34.5
mainly
absorbed
pocket
glutamate
receptors
rather
than
molecules.
Moreover,
binding
between
molecules
photons.
This
study
offers
nondrug,
nonthermal
regulate
excitatory
neurotransmitter
(glutamate)
NR2B.
By
increasing
synaptic
plasticity,
it
effectively
improves
animals
PTSD,
providing
promising
strategy
NR2B-related
disorders.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
118(1)
Published: Dec. 23, 2020
Significance
Synaptic
plasticity
in
the
hippocampus
is
important
for
learning
and
memory
formation.
In
particular,
homeostatic
synaptic
enables
neurons
to
restore
their
activity
levels
response
chronic
neuronal
changes.
While
astrocytes
modulate
functions
via
secretion
of
factors,
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
show
that
suppression
hippocampal
increases
cytokine
IL-33
release
from
CA1
region.
Activation
its
ST2
receptor
complex
promotes
functional
excitatory
synapse
Moreover,
IL-33/ST2
signaling
blockade-induced
increase
synapses
vivo
spatial
This
study
suggests
astrocyte-secreted
acts
as
a
negative
feedback
control
signal
regulate
plasticity.
