Characterization of eight new Hydractinia i-cell markers reveals underlying heterogeneity in the adult pluripotent stem cell population DOI
Justin Waletich, Danielle de Jong, Christine E. Schnitzler

et al.

Published: July 10, 2024

Abstract Adult pluripotent stem cells are found in diverse animals, including cnidarians, acoels, and planarians, confer remarkable abilities such as whole-body regeneration. The mechanisms by which these orchestrate the replacement of all lost cell types, however, remains poorly understood. Underlying heterogeneity within populations animals is often obscured when focusing on certain tissue types or life history stages, tend to have indistinguishable spatial expression patterns marker genes. Here, we focus adult (i-cells) Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus , a colonial marine cnidarian with distinct polyp stolonal tissue. Recently, single-cell atlas was generated for H. revealed two clusters i-cell signatures, potentially representing this species’ population. Considering finding, investigated eight new putative genes from five expressed both ( Pcna Nop58 Mcm4 Ubr7 Uhrf1 ) three one cluster other Pter, FoxQ2-like, Zcwpw1 ). We characterized their various contexts – feeding sexual polyps, juvenile stolon, during head regeneration revealing context-dependent gene transcriptionally dynamic uncover previously unknown differences population demonstrate that its nature serves an excellent system investigating visualizing cells.

Language: Английский

Examination of germline and somatic intercellular bridges in Hydra vulgaris reveals insights into the evolutionarily conserved mechanism of intercellular bridge formation DOI Creative Commons
Kari L. Price,

Dyuthi M. Tharakan,

Willi Salvenmoser

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract Incomplete cytokinesis results in the formation of stable intercellular bridges that have been extensively studied bilaterians, where they play essential roles cell-cell communication and coordination differentiation. However, little is known about their structure molecular composition non-bilaterian animals. This study characterizes germline somatic cnidarian Hydra vulgaris , providing insights into evolutionary origins functional significance. We identified key conserved components, including KIF23, F-actin, phosphotyrosine. Notably, we observed microtubule localization within ring canals, suggesting previously unrecognized functions for this cytoskeletal component bridge formation. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed expression Kif23 suggested its role as a marker identifying canal-associated components. EdU incorporation during DNA replication demonstrated cells connected by canals exhibit synchronized cell cycles, which may be critical division Our findings reveal structural features are across lineages, highlighting ancient significance cellular connectivity. The presence cycles canal-connected underscores promoting coordinated behaviors, processes fundamental to multicellular organization. provides new perspectives on evolution incomplete establishes framework comparative investigations diversity conservation mechanisms metazoans.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Hydractinia cell atlas reveals cellular and molecular principles of cnidarian coloniality DOI Creative Commons
David A. Salamanca-Díaz, Helen R Horkan, Helena García-Castro

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract Coloniality is a widespread growth form in cnidarians, tunicates, and bryozoans, among others. Colonies function as single physiological units despite their modular structure of zooids supporting tissues. A key question how structurally functionally distinct colony parts are generated. In the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus , colonies consist (polyps) interconnected by stolons attached to substrate. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we profiled ~200,000 cells, including two polyp types, identifying major cell types distribution across parts. Distinct primarily characterised unique combinations shared lesser extent part-specific types. We identified type-specific transcription factors (TFs) gene sets expressed within these This suggests that type occasional innovations drive evolution coloniality cnidarians. uncover novel stolon-specific linked biomineralization chitin synthesis, potentially crucial for habitat adaptation. Additionally, describe new mediating self/non-self recognition. summary, atlas provides insights into cellular molecular mechanisms underpinning coloniality.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regeneration in the absence of canonical neoblasts in an early branching flatworm DOI Creative Commons
Ludwik Gąsiorowski,

Chew Chai,

Andrei Rozanski

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The remarkable regenerative abilities of flatworms are closely linked to neoblasts - adult pluripotent stem cells that the only division-competent cell type outside reproductive system. Although presence neoblast-like and whole-body regeneration in other animals has led idea these features may represent ancestral metazoan state, evolutionary origin both remains unclear. Here we show catenulid Stenostomum brevipharyngium, a member earliest-branching flatworm lineage, lacks conventional despite being capable asexual reproduction. Using combination single-nuclei transcriptomics, situ gene expression analysis, functional experiments, find divisions not restricted single associated with multiple fully differentiated somatic tissues. Furthermore, cohort germline multipotency genes, which considered canonical neoblast markers, expressed dividing cells, but instead, experimentally they neither necessary for proliferation nor regeneration. Overall, our results challenge notion open up possibility have evolved convergently different animals, independent their capacity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Subtelomeric repeat expansion in Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus chromosomes DOI Creative Commons
Tetsuo Kon, Koto Kon‐Nanjo, Oleg Simakov

et al.

Mobile DNA, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 25, 2025

Despite the striking conservation of animal chromosomes, their repetitive element complements are vastly diverse. Only recently, high quality chromosome-level genome assemblies enabled identification repeat compositions along a broad range chromosomes. Here, utilizing assembly Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, colonial hydrozoan cnidarian, we describe an accumulation single 372 bp unit in subtelomeric regions. Based on sequence divergence, its partial affinity with Helitron group can be detected. This is associated repeated minisatellite about 150 bp. Together, they account for 26.1% (126 Mb 483 Mb). could explain size increase observed H. symbiolongicarpus compared other cnidarians, yet distinguishes this expansion from large cnidarian genomes, such as Hydra vulgaris, where localized propagation absent. Additionally, identify derivative IS3EU-like DNA accumulated at putative centromeric Our analysis further reveals that Helitrons generally comprise proportion (11.8%). We investigated presence and distributions across several genomes. find Nematostella vectensis, anthozoan Helitron-like sequences were similarly All these findings suggest derivatives prone to forming chromosomal extensions cnidarians through local amplification regions, driving variable expansions within clade.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regeneration in the absence of canonical neoblasts in an early branching flatworm DOI Creative Commons
Ludwik Gąsiorowski,

Chew Chai,

Andrei Rozanski

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2024

The remarkable regenerative abilities of flatworms are closely linked to neoblasts - adult pluripotent stem cells that the only division-competent cell type outside reproductive system. Although presence neoblast-like and whole-body regeneration in other animals has led idea these features may represent ancestral metazoan state, evolutionary origin both remains unclear. Here we show catenulid

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The Hydractinia cell atlas reveals cellular and molecular principles of cnidarian coloniality DOI Creative Commons
David A. Salamanca-Díaz, Helen R Horkan, Helena García-Castro

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 19, 2024

Abstract Coloniality is a widespread growth form in cnidarians, tunicates, and bryozoans, among others. Despite being modular, composed of multiple zooids supporting tissues, colonies function as single physiological unit. A major question the biology cellular mechanism generating structurally functionally distinct colony parts. The cnidarian Hydractinia establishes with different types (polyps), interconnected by gastrovascular system that attached to substrate known stolons. We obtained cell transcriptomic profiles ∼200K cells, including isolated stolons two polyp types. characterised quantified their abundance across Overall, we find parts are primarily combinations shared lesser extent part-specific Therefore, propose both type combinations, well rarer innovations, have been main evolution coloniality cnidarians. identified type-specific transcription factors (TFs) gene networks expressed within these Notably, discovered previously unidentified, stolon-specific type, which expresses enzymes related biomineralization chitin synthesis, reminiscent molluscan shell matrix proteins may represent crucial adaptation animal’s habitat. In summary, atlas elucidates fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying coloniality.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Characterization of eight new Hydractinia i-cell markers reveals underlying heterogeneity in the adult pluripotent stem cell population DOI
Justin Waletich, Danielle de Jong, Christine E. Schnitzler

et al.

Published: July 10, 2024

Abstract Adult pluripotent stem cells are found in diverse animals, including cnidarians, acoels, and planarians, confer remarkable abilities such as whole-body regeneration. The mechanisms by which these orchestrate the replacement of all lost cell types, however, remains poorly understood. Underlying heterogeneity within populations animals is often obscured when focusing on certain tissue types or life history stages, tend to have indistinguishable spatial expression patterns marker genes. Here, we focus adult (i-cells) Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus , a colonial marine cnidarian with distinct polyp stolonal tissue. Recently, single-cell atlas was generated for H. revealed two clusters i-cell signatures, potentially representing this species’ population. Considering finding, investigated eight new putative genes from five expressed both ( Pcna Nop58 Mcm4 Ubr7 Uhrf1 ) three one cluster other Pter, FoxQ2-like, Zcwpw1 ). We characterized their various contexts – feeding sexual polyps, juvenile stolon, during head regeneration revealing context-dependent gene transcriptionally dynamic uncover previously unknown differences population demonstrate that its nature serves an excellent system investigating visualizing cells.

Language: Английский

Citations

0