Regulation of the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Stress Response

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 603 - 621

Published: March 15, 2016

The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is required for stress adaptation. Activation of the HPA causes secretion glucocorticoids, which act on multiple organ systems to redirect energy resources meet real or anticipated demand. response driven primarily by neural mechanisms, invoking corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) release from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons. Pathways activating CRH are stressor dependent: reactive responses homeostatic disruption frequently involve direct noradrenergic peptidergic drive PVN neurons sensory relays, whereas anticipatory use oligosynaptic pathways originating in upstream limbic structures. Anticipatory largely disinhibition, mediated trans-synaptic silencing tonic inhibition via GABAergic amygdala. Stress inhibited negative feedback whereby glucocorticoids diminish (brainstem) and promote transsynaptic structures (e.g., hippocampus). Glucocorticoids also at rapidly inhibit neuronal activity membrane glucocorticoid receptors. Chronic stress-induced activation takes many forms (chronic basal hypersecretion, sensitized responses, even adrenal exhaustion), with manifestation dependent upon factors such as chronicity, intensity, frequency, modality. Neural mechanisms driving chronic can be distinct those controlling acute reactions, including recruitment novel limbic, hypothalamic, brainstem circuits. Importantly, an individual's determined numerous factors, genetics, early life experience, environmental conditions, sex, age. context stressors occur will determine whether adaptive maladaptive (pathological).

Language: Английский

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The Role of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Memory and Decision Making

Neuron, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 76(6), P. 1057 - 1070

Published: Dec. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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From Reactive to Proactive and Selective Control: Developing a Richer Model for Stopping Inappropriate Responses

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 69(12), P. e55 - e68

Published: Oct. 9, 2010

Language: Английский

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A causal link between prediction errors, dopamine neurons and learning

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 966 - 973

Published: May 26, 2013

Language: Английский

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Ventromedial prefrontal-subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 147 - 156

Published: Feb. 5, 2012

Language: Английский

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Stress-induced obesity and the emotional nervous system

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 159 - 165

Published: Nov. 19, 2009

Language: Английский

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The Multifaceted Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotion, Decision Making, Social Cognition, and Psychopathology

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 83(8), P. 638 - 647

Published: Nov. 21, 2017

Language: Английский

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Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 70(7), P. 632 - 658

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

There has been a great increase in literature concerned with the effects of variety mental training regimes that generally fall within what might be called contemplative practices, and majority these studies have focused on mindfulness. Mindfulness meditation practices can conceptualized as set attention-based, regulatory, self-inquiry cultivated for various ends, including wellbeing psychological health. This article examines construct mindfulness research reviews recent, nonclinical work this area. Instead proposing single definition mindfulness, we interpret it continuum involving states processes mapped into multidimensional phenomenological matrix which itself expressed neurocognitive framework. is presented heuristic to guide formulation next-generation hypotheses from both cognitive/behavioral neuroscientific perspectives. In relation framework, review selected findings through traditional settings, conclude by identifying significant gaps outline new directions research.

Language: Английский

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The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 816 - 871

Published: June 30, 2016

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates information from cortical limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic exposure several classes drugs abuse disrupts plasticity in this region, allowing drug-associated cues engender pathologic motivation for drug seeking. A number alterations glutamatergic transmission occur within after withdrawal chronic exposure. These drug-induced neuroadaptations serve as molecular basis relapse vulnerability. In review, we focus on role that glutamate signal transduction plays addiction-related First, explore accumbens, including cell types neuronal populations present well afferent efferent connections. Next discuss rodent models addiction assess viability these testing candidate pharmacotherapies prevention relapse. Then provide review literature describing how synaptic altered also pharmacological manipulation systems can inhibit seeking laboratory setting. Finally, examine results clinical trials which designed manipulate have been effective treating human patients. Further elucidation alter will be necessary development new therapeutics treatment across all addictive substances.

Language: Английский

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A Memory Retrieval-Extinction Procedure to Prevent Drug Craving and Relapse

Science, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 336(6078), P. 241 - 245

Published: April 12, 2012

Drug use and relapse involve learned associations between drug-associated environmental cues drug effects. Extinction procedures in the clinic can suppress conditioned responses to cues, but extinguished typically reemerge after exposure itself (reinstatement), environment (renewal), or passage of time (spontaneous recovery). We describe a memory retrieval-extinction procedure that decreases effects seeking rat models relapse, craving abstinent heroin addicts. In rats, daily retrieval memories 10 minutes 1 hour not 6 hours before extinction sessions attenuated drug-induced reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, renewal seeking. addicts, cue-induced 1, 30, 180 days later. The is promising nonpharmacological method for decreasing during abstinence.

Language: Английский

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