Killing softly: a roadmap of Botrytis cinerea pathogenicity

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 211 - 222

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Botrytis cinerea, a widespread plant pathogen with necrotrophic lifestyle, causes gray mold disease in many crops. Massive secretion of enzymes and toxins was long considered to be the main driver infection, but recent studies have uncovered rich toolbox for B. cinerea pathogenicity. The emerging picture is multilayered infection process governed by exchange factors that collectively contribute development. No shows complete resistance against pattern-triggered immune responses potential significantly reduce progression, opening new possibilities producing cinerea-tolerant plants. We examine current models, highlight knowledge gaps, suggest directions future studies.

Language: Английский

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Multiple knockout mutants reveal a high redundancy of phytotoxic compounds contributing to necrotrophic pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. e1010367 - e1010367

Published: March 3, 2022

Botrytis cinerea is a major plant pathogen infecting more than 1400 species. During invasion, the fungus rapidly kills host cells, which believed to be supported by induction of programmed cell death. To comprehensively evaluate contributions most currently known death inducing proteins (CDIPs) and metabolites for necrotrophic infection, an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 protocol was established allowed perform serial marker-free mutagenesis generate multiple deletion mutants lacking up 12 CDIPs. Whole genome sequencing 6x 12x mutant revealed low number off-target mutations were unrelated Cas9-mediated cleavage. Secretome analyses confirmed loss secreted encoded deleted genes. Infection tests with successive decrease in virulence increasing numbers mutated genes, varying effects knockouts on different plants. Comparative analysis significant roles two polygalacturonases (PG1, PG2) phytotoxic botrydial botcinins but no or only weak other Nicotiana benthamiana plants silenced coreceptors pattern recognition receptors, SOBIR1 BAK1, showed similar susceptibility as control infection B. wild type mutant. These results raise doubts about role manipulation these defence regulators infection. Despite compounds, planta secretomes retained substantial activity, proving that further, yet unknown CDIPs contribute necrosis virulence. Our study has addressed first time systematically functional redundancy fungal factors, demonstrates releases highly redundant cocktail achieve wide variety

Language: Английский

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The appressorium at a glance

Journal of Cell Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 135(14)

Published: July 15, 2022

ABSTRACT Many plant pathogenic fungi have the capacity to infect their hosts using specialised cells called appressoria. These structures act as a gateway between fungus and host, allowing entry internal tissues. Appressoria apply enormous physical force rupture surface, or use battery of enzymes digest cuticle cell wall. also facilitate focal secretion effectors at point infection suppress immunity. develop in response characteristics leaf starvation stress signals from plant. Appressorium morphogenesis has been linked septin-mediated reorganisation F-actin microtubule networks cytoskeleton, remodelling fungal In this Cell Science Glance accompanying poster, we highlight recent advances our understanding mechanisms appressorium-mediated infection, compare development on surface biology invasive growth by fungi. Finally, outline key gaps current knowledge appressorium biology.

Language: Английский

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Genetic and molecular landscapes of the generalist phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana ) is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that attacks wide range of plants. This updated profile explores the extensive genetic diversity B. , highlights progress in genome sequencing, and provides current knowledge molecular mechanisms employed by fungus to attack its hosts. In addition, we also discuss recent innovative strategies combat . Taxonomy Kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, subphylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Leotiomycetes, order: Helotiales, family: Sclerotiniaceae, genus: species: Host infects almost all plant groups (angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes). To date, 1606 species have been identified as hosts Genetic polyphagous necrotroph has at population levels shaped climate, geography, host variation. Pathogenicity architecture virulence specificity polygenic using multiple weapons target hosts, including secretory proteins, complex signal transduction pathways, metabolites, mobile small RNA. Disease control Efforts being high‐diversity generalist pathogen, are complicated. However, integrated disease management combine cultural practices, chemical biological controls, use appropriate crop varieties will lessen yield losses. Recently, studies conducted worldwide explored potential RNA an efficient environmentally friendly approach for combating grey mould. additional research necessary, especially on risk assessment regulatory frameworks, fully harness this technology.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Opportunities Arising from Host–Botrytis cinerea Interactions to Outline Novel and Sustainable Control Strategies: The Key Role of RNA Interference

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6798 - 6798

Published: June 20, 2024

The necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea (Pers., 1794), the causative agent of gray mold disease, causes significant losses in agricultural production. Control this fungal pathogen is quite difficult due to its wide host range and environmental persistence. Currently, management disease still mainly based on chemicals, which can have harmful effects not only environment human health but also because they favor development strains resistant fungicides. flexibility plasticity B. challenging defense mechanisms ability evolve strategies escape chemicals require new control for successful management. In review, some aspects host-pathogen interactions from novel sustainable could be developed (e.g., signaling pathways, molecules involved immune mechanisms, hormones, post-transcriptional gene silencing) were analyzed. New biotechnological tools use RNA interference (RNAi) are emerging crop protection scenario as versatile, sustainable, effective, environmentally friendly alternatives chemicals. RNAi-based fungicides expected approved soon, although will face several challenges before reaching market.

Language: Английский

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Plant secondary metabolites-mediated plant defense against bacteria and fungi pathogens

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 109224 - 109224

Published: Oct. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Current insights into the biocontrol and biotechnological approaches for postharvest disease management of Botrytis cinerea

Postharvest Biology and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 113055 - 113055

Published: June 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Molecular characterization reveals no functional evidence for naturally occurring cross‐kingdom RNA interference in the early stages of Botrytis cinerea–tomato interaction

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 3 - 15

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

Abstract Plant immune responses are triggered during the interaction with pathogens. The fungus Botrytis cinerea has previously been reported to use small RNAs (sRNAs) as effector molecules capable of interfering host response. Conversely, a plant produces sRNAs that may interfere infection mechanism an intruder. We used high‐throughput sequencing identify produced by B. and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) early phases examine expression their predicted mRNA targets in other organism. A total 7042 were target 3185 mRNAs tomato. Of tomato genes, 163 indeed transcriptionally down‐regulated phase infection. Several experiments performed study causal relation between production down‐regulation genes generated mutants which transposon region was deleted is source c.10% fungal sRNAs. Furthermore, both Dicer‐like ( Bcdcl1 Bcdcl2 ) these displayed >99% reduction transposon‐derived sRNA production. Neither significantly reduced virulence on any species tested. Our results reveal no evidence for detectable role fungus.

Language: Английский

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A molecular mechanosensor for real-time visualization of appressorium membrane tension in Magnaporthe oryzae

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 1508 - 1519

Published: July 20, 2023

The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses a pressurized infection cell called an appressorium to drive rigid penetration peg through the leaf cuticle. vast internal pressure of is very challenging investigate, leaving our understanding cellular mechanics plant incomplete. Here, using fluorescence lifetime imaging membrane-targeting molecular mechanoprobe, we quantify changes in membrane tension M. oryzae. We show that extreme leads large-scale spatial heterogeneities mechanics, much greater than those observed any type previously. By contrast, non-pathogenic melanin-deficient mutants, exhibit low spatially homogeneous tension. sensor kinase ∆sln1 mutant displays significantly higher during inflation appressorium, providing evidence Sln1 controls turgor throughout infection. This non-invasive, live technique therefore provides new insight into enormous invasive forces deployed by pathogenic fungi invade their hosts, offering potential for disease intervention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Understanding bud rot development, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants grown under greenhouse conditions

Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 101(7), P. 200 - 231

Published: May 24, 2023

Botrytis cinerea is a widespread necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes diseases on >1000 species, including vegetables and ornamental greenhouse crops. On cannabis ( Cannabis sativ L.), the responsible for causing “bud rot”, major disease affecting inflorescences (compound flowers), as well seedling damping-off leaf blight under certain conditions. During cultivation, can destroy rapidly optimal relative humidity conditions (>70%) moderate temperatures (17–24 °C). Little currently known about host–pathogen interactions of cannabis. Information gleaned from other hosts provide valuable insights comparative purposes to understand development, epidemiology, pathogenicity This review describes pathogenesis host responses infection assesses potential mechanisms involved in resistance. The effects microclimatic environmental strategies early detection using prediction models, application biological control agents prevent development are discussed. Other management approaches reduce impact bud rot also reviewed. Numerous opportunities conducting additional research better cannabis– interaction identified.

Language: Английский

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