Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 12, 2023
Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis
(TB)
is
a
highly
transmissible
infectious
disease
killing
millions
of
people
yearly.
Implementing
TB
infection
prevention
and
control
(TB-IPC)
pivotal
to
preventing
transmission
in
health
institutions.
This
study
aimed
investigate
diverse
stakeholders’
perspectives
relating
barriers
strategies
TB-IPC
rural
hospitals
Papua
New
Guinea
(PNG).
Methods:
Multiple
qualitative
case
studies
were
conducted
with
32
key
stakeholders
experience
services
hospitals.
Data
collection
drew
on
three
primary
sources
triangulate
data:
semi-structured
interviews,
document
reviews,
field
notes.
The
data
analysed
using
hybrid
thematic
analysis.
Results:
Our
results
reveal
that
perceive
multiple
interdependent
factors
affect
TB-IPC.
emerging
themes
include
strategic
planning
for
prioritising
TB-IPC,
governance,
leadership,
accountability
at
the
provincial
district
level,
community
attitudes
towards
control,
institutional
capacity
deliver
TB,
healthcare
workers’
safety,
long-term
partnership
integration
program.
Conclusion:
evidence
suggests
multi-perspective
approach
programs
needed
effectively
implementing
guidelines
Interventions
focusing
addressing
systems
strengthening
may
improve
implementation
guidelines.
Milbank Quarterly,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
101(S1), P. 36 - 60
Published: April 1, 2023
Policy
Points
Policies
that
redress
oppressive
social,
economic,
and
political
conditions
are
essential
for
improving
population
health
achieving
equity.
Efforts
to
remedy
structural
oppression
its
deleterious
effects
should
account
multilevel,
multifaceted,
interconnected,
systemic,
intersectional
nature.
The
U.S.
Department
of
Health
Human
Services
facilitate
the
creation
maintenance
a
national
publicly
available,
user-friendly
data
infrastructure
on
contextual
measures
oppression.
Publicly
funded
research
social
determinants
be
mandated
(a)
analyze
inequities
in
relation
relevant
(b)
deposit
available
repository.
Contemporary Social Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 24
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
The
aim
of
this
article
is
to
examine
the
recent
progress
made
by
Government
improve
public
health
and
address
inequality.
Elected
in
July
2024,
Labour
government
has
promised
deliver
a
transition
from
reactive
preventative
policy
tackle
social
geographic
disparities
health.
However,
pledge
not
new
been
limited.
This
examines
an
area
that
increasingly
recognised
as
critical
wider
determinant
health,
notably
link
between
urban
environment
outcomes.
Our
analysis
based
on
extensive
co-production
with
government.
Drawing
logs
fieldnotes
embedded
researcher,
reflects
under
Conservative's
levelling
up
agenda
considers
potential
Labour's
mission.
findings
reveal
that,
while
figures
inequality
signal
failure,
there
are
glimmers
hope
creating
'opportunity
spaces'
for
doing
things
differently.
We
conclude
intersection
science
evidence
entrepreneurial
agency
officials
will
be
pivotal
making
any
headway
against
target.
Moreover,
must
sit
alongside
more
investment
Milbank Quarterly,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
101(S1), P. 61 - 82
Published: April 1, 2023
Policy
Points
Medicalization
is
a
historical
process
by
which
personal,
behavioral,
and
social
issues
are
increasingly
viewed
through
biomedical
lens
“diagnosed
treated”
as
individual
pathologies
problems
medical
authorities.
in
the
United
States
has
led
to
conflation
of
“health”
“health
care”
confusion
between
needs
versus
social,
political,
economic
determinants
health.
The
essential
important
work
population
health
science,
public
practice,
policy
writ
large
being
thwarted
medicalized
view
an
overemphasis
on
personal
services
care
delivery
system
major
focal
point
for
addressing
societal
inequality.
Increased
recognition
negative
consequences
essential,
with
focus
education
training
clinicians
managers,
journalists,
policymakers.
Journal of Public Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(2), P. 267 - 276
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis
(TB)
is
a
highly
transmissible
infectious
disease
killing
millions
of
people
yearly,
particularly
in
low-income
countries.
TB
most
likely
to
be
transmitted
healthcare
settings
with
poor
infection
control
practices.
Implementing
prevention
and
(TB-IPC)
pivotal
preventing
transmission
settings.
This
study
investigated
diverse
stakeholders’
perspectives
relating
barriers
strategies
for
TB-IPC
rural
hospitals
Papua
New
Guinea.
Methods
Multiple
qualitative
case
studies
were
conducted
32
key
stakeholders
experience
services.
Data
collection
drew
on
three
primary
sources
triangulate
data:
semi-structured
interviews,
document
reviews
field
notes.
The
data
analyzed
using
hybrid
deductive-inductive
thematic
analysis.
Results
Our
results
reveal
that
perceive
multiple
interdependent
factors
affect
practice.
emerging
themes
include
strategic
planning
prioritizing
guidelines;
governance,
leadership
accountability
at
the
provincial
level;
community
attitudes
towards
control;
institutional
capacity
deliver
care,
workers’
safety,
long-term
partnership
integration
programmes
into
broad
IPC
programme.
Conclusions
evidence
suggests
multi-perspective
approach
crucial
guidelines
institutions.
Interventions
focusing
addressing
health
systems
strengthening
may
improve
implementation
guidelines.
One Health,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20, P. 100981 - 100981
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
This
study
extends
a
behavioral-ecological
framework
for
healthcare
access
and
utilization
to
explore
patterns
of
veterinary
care
within
pet-owning
households
in
the
United
States.
Using
Latent
Class
Analysis,
person-centered
analytic
approach,
we
identified
five
subgroups
pet
owners
diverse
national
sample
(n
=
750),
each
characterized
by
unique
perceived
actual
usage
both
human
healthcare.
The
first
subgroup,
"Good
access/unfair
system"
(27%)
second
access/fair
(30%)
reported
high
probabilities
good
limited
financial
burden
but
differed
their
perceptions
fairness.
third
access/Medicare"
(14%),
primarily
comprised
older
adults
with
Medicare,
burden,
underscoring
Medicare's
role
stable
access.
fourth
"Moderate
access"
(11%),
barriers
despite
non-employer
health
insurance,
showed
lower
likelihood
recent
dental
visits.
fifth
"Poor
(18%),
poorest
highest
probability
Medicaid
or
no
highlighted
significant
inequalities
Sociodemographic
social
environmental
factors
were
associated
subgroup
membership.
For
example,
groups
better
likely
have
low
fragility
(Good
system
OR
4.61,
p
<
0.001),
those
poorer
unlikely
(Poor
0.14).
Additionally,
less
experience
discrimination
0.58,
0.001)
more
(Moderate
Poor
ORs
1.37,
0.001).
These
findings
emphasize
need
policies
addressing
such
as
economic
inequality
improve
utilization.
Tailored
interventions
at
individual
systemic
levels
are
also
suggested
(i.e.,
Colorado
"Peticaid"
proposal
Seattle
One
Health
Clinic)
mitigate
disparities
enhance
vulnerable
populations.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Nov. 22, 2022
Objective
This
study
contributes
to
the
literature
by
empirically
testing
extent
which
place-based
structural
racism
is
a
driver
of
state-level
racial
inequalities
in
COVID-19
mortality
using
theoretically-informed,
innovative
approaches.
Methods
CDC
data
are
used
measure
cumulative
death
rates
between
January
2020
and
August
2022.
The
outcome
Black-White
(B/W)
ratio
age-adjusted
rates.
We
use
2019
administrative
on
previously
validated
indicators
spanning
educational,
economic,
political,
criminal-legal
housing
identify
novel,
multi-sectoral
latent
(CFI
=
0.982,
TLI
0.968,
RMSEA
0.044).
map
B/W
as
well
order
understand
their
geographic
distribution
across
U.S.
states.
Finally,
we
regression
analyses
estimate
mortality,
net
potential
confounders.
Results
reveal
substantial
variation
racism.
Notably,
estimates
indicate
that
relationship
inequality
positive
statistically
significant
(
p
<
0.001),
both
bivariate
model
(adjusted
R
2
0.37)
covariates
0.54).
For
example,
whereas
states
with
value
standard
deviation
below
mean
have
approximately
1.12,
above
just
2.0.
Discussion
Findings
suggest
efficacious
health
equity
solutions
will
require
bold
policies
dismantle
numerous
societal
domains.
JNCI Monographs,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2023(62), P. 246 - 254
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Abstract
Population
models
of
cancer
reflect
the
overall
US
population
by
drawing
on
numerous
existing
data
resources
for
parameter
inputs
and
calibration
targets.
Models
require
that
are
appropriately
representative,
collected
in
a
harmonized
manner,
have
minimal
missing
or
inaccurate
values,
adequate
sample
sizes.
Data
resource
priorities
modeling
to
support
health
equity
include
increasing
availability
1)
arise
from
uninsured
underinsured
individuals
those
traditionally
not
included
health-care
delivery
studies,
2)
relevant
exposures
groups
historically
intentionally
excluded
across
full
control
continuum,
3)
disaggregate
categories
(race,
ethnicity,
socioeconomic
status,
gender,
sexual
orientation,
etc.)
their
intersections
conceal
important
variation
outcomes,
4)
identify
specific
populations
interest
clinical
databases
whose
outcomes
been
understudied,
5)
enhance
records
through
expanded
elements
linkage
with
other
types
(eg,
patient
surveys,
provider
and/or
facility
level
information,
neighborhood
data),
6)
decrease
misclassified
underrecognized
populations,
7)
capture
potential
measures
effects
systemic
racism
corresponding
intervenable
targets
change.
