Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

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High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 592(7855), P. 571 - 576

Published: March 31, 2021

Language: Английский

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The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 1421 - 1437

Published: March 5, 2018

The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview the historical, contemporary and potential future roles ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. show that currently at least 75% 93% global naturalised flora grown domestic botanical gardens, respectively. Species gardens also have a larger range than those are not. After Middle Ages, particularly 18th 19th centuries, trade network emerged. Since then, cultivated species started to appear wild more frequently non-cultivated aliens globally, during century. Horticulture still plays prominent role current introduction, monetary value live-plant imports different parts world steadily increasing. Historically, - important component played major displaying, cultivating distributing new discoveries. While horticultural supply chain has declined, they significant link, with one-third institutions involved retail-plant sales research. However, become dependent on commercial nurseries as sources, North America. Plants selected for purposes not random selection flora, some characteristics promoted through horticulture, such fast growth, promote invasion. Efforts breed non-invasive cultivars rare. Socio-economical, technological, environmental changes will lead novel patterns introductions invasion opportunities already cultivated. describe could play mediating these changes. identify research challenges, call efforts past This required develop science-based regulatory frameworks prevent further

Language: Английский

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More than “100 worst” alien species in Europe

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 1611 - 1621

Published: Dec. 18, 2017

"One hundred worst" lists of alien species the greatest concern proved useful for raising awareness risks and impacts biological invasions amongst general public, politicians stakeholders. All so far have been based on expert opinion primarily aimed at representativeness taxonomic habitat diversity rather than quantifying harm cause. We used generic impact scoring system (GISS) to rank 486 established in Europe from a wide range groups identify those with highest environmental socioeconomic impact. GISS assigns 12 categories impact, each quantified scale 0 (no detectable) 5 (the possible). ranked by their total sum scores number scores. also compared listing other expert-based "worst" invaders. propose list 149 species, comprising 54 plants, 49 invertebrates, 40 vertebrates 6 fungi. Among ranking are one bird (Branta canadensis), four mammals (Rattus norvegicus, Ondatra zibethicus, Cervus nippon, Muntiacus reevesi), crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), mite (Varroa destructor), plants (Acacia dealbata, Lantana camara, Pueraria lobata, Eichhornia crassipes). In contrast existing lists, GISS-based given here highlights some high that not represented any list. The provides an objective transparent method aid prioritization management according impacts, applicable across taxa habitats. Our can be justifying inclusion such as Union European Commission, fulfill Aichi target 9.

Language: Английский

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InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

Abstract Biological invasions are responsible for tremendous impacts globally, including huge economic losses and management expenditures. Efficiently mitigating this major driver of global change requires the improvement public awareness policy regarding its substantial on our socio-ecosystems. One option to contribute overall objective is inform people costs linked these impacts; however, until now, a reliable synthesis invasion has never been produced at scale. Here, we introduce InvaCost as most up-to-date, comprehensive, harmonised robust compilation description cost estimates associated with biological worldwide. We have developed systematic, standardised methodology collect information from peer-reviewed articles grey literature, while ensuring data validity method repeatability further transparent inputs. Our manuscript presents tools used build populate living publicly available database. provides an essential basis (2419 currently compiled) worldwide research, efforts and, ultimately, data-driven evidence-based policymaking.

Language: Английский

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Island Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 31 - 60

Published: July 26, 2019

Biodiversity on marine islands is characterized by unique biogeographic, phylogenetic and functional characteristics. Islands hold a disproportionate amount of the world's biodiversity, they have also experienced loss it. Following human contact, island biodiversity has sustained negative impacts increasing in rate magnitude as transitioned from primary through secondary to tertiary economies. On islands, habitat transformation invasive non-native species historically been major threats although these will continue new forms, such human-induced climate change sea-level rise are emerging. Island changing with some going extinct, others abundance, becoming part many ecosystems, humans shaping ecological processes. thus microcosms for emerging socioecological landscapes Anthropocene. require strategies protection restoration their including maintaining biological cultural heritage regenerative practices, mainstreaming production landscapes, engaging reality novel ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert‐based assessment

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4880 - 4893

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract Understanding the likely future impacts of biological invasions is crucial yet highly challenging given multiple relevant environmental, socio‐economic and societal contexts drivers. In absence quantitative models, methods based on expert knowledge are best option for assessing invasion trajectories. Here, we present an assessment drivers potential alien species under contrasting scenarios socioecological through mid‐21st century. Based responses from 36 experts in invasions, moderate (20%–30%) increases compared to current conditions, expected cause major biodiversity most contexts. Three main invasions—transport, climate change change—were predicted significantly affect even a best‐case scenario. Other (e.g. human demography migration tropical subtropical regions) were also high importance specific global individual taxonomic groups or biomes). We show that some can substantially reduce invasions. However, rapid comprehensive actions necessary use this achieve goals Post‐2020 Framework Convention Biological Diversity.

Language: Английский

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Developing a framework of minimum standards for the risk assessment of alien species

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 526 - 538

Published: Oct. 16, 2017

Abstract Biological invasions are a threat to biodiversity, society and the economy. There is an urgent need provide evidence‐based assessments of risks posed by invasive alien species ( IAS ) prioritize action. Risk underpin policies in many ways: informing legislation; providing justification restrictions trade or consumer activities; prioritizing surveillance rapid response. benefits ensuring consistency content risk globally, this can be achieved framework minimum standards as checklist for quality assurance. From review existing assessment protocols, with reference requirements EU Regulation on (1143/2014) international agreements including World Trade Organisation, Convention Diversity International Plant Protection Convention, coupled consensus methods, we identified agreed upon 14 (attributes) risk‐assessment scheme should include. The were follows: (1) basic description; (2) likelihood invasion; (3) distribution, spread impacts; (4) introduction pathways; (5) impacts biodiversity ecosystems; (6) Assessment impact ecosystem services; (7) socio‐economic (8) consideration status (threatened protected) habitat under threat; (9) effects future climate change; (10) completion possible even when there lack information; (11) documents information sources; (12) provides summary consistent interpretable form; (13) includes uncertainty; (14) In deriving these standards, gaps knowledge required completing scope protocols revealed, most notably relation assessing benefits, services but also inclusion change. Policy implications . We components that within recommendations develop meet proposed standards. Although inspired implementation European Union species, such developed specifically context, derived could applied globally.

Language: Английский

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Which Taxa Are Alien? Criteria, Applications, and Uncertainties

BioScience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(7), P. 496 - 509

Published: July 1, 2018

Human activities such as the transport of species to new regions and modifications environment are increasingly reshaping distribution biota. Accordingly, developing robust, repeatable, consistent definitions alien that serve scientific policy purposes has become prime importance. We provide a set classification criteria widely applicable across taxa realms offer guidance on their use in practice. The focus (a) acknowledging role assessment uncertainty, (b) incorporating time since introduction, (c) considering infraspecific taxonomic ranks, (d) differentiating between whose survival depends explicit human assistance from those survive without assistance. Furthermore, we make recommendations for reducing suggest thresholds assessment, develop an scheme. illustrate application with case studies. Finally, implications management, policy, research discussed.

Language: Английский

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A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change

BioScience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(11), P. 908 - 919

Published: July 30, 2019

Abstract For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is to distinguish the dynamics such species from those occur without, or with less clear, involvement changes. elucidate salient features rapid increase in number whose human induced, and review relationships differences both natural biological invasions. discuss consequences for science, policy management an era global change highlight four key challenges relating basic gaps knowledge, transfer scientific understanding biodiversity policy. conclude range-expanding responding will become essential feature science Anthropocene. Finally, we propose term neonative these taxa.

Language: Английский

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