A framework for quantifying soundscape diversity using Hill numbers

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2262 - 2274

Published: June 18, 2022

Abstract Soundscape studies are increasingly used to capture landscape‐scale ecological patterns. Yet, several aspects of soundscape diversity remain unexplored. Although some processes influencing acoustic niche usage may operate in the 24‐hr temporal domain, most indices only sounds co‐occurring sound files at a specific time day. Moreover, many do not consider relationship between spectral and traits simultaneously. To provide novel insights into patterns broader scales, we present workflow quantify through lens trait‐based ecology. Our quantifies trait space. We introduce Operational Sound Unit (OSU), unit measurement that groups by their shared properties. Using OSUs building on framework Hill numbers, propose three metrics different space usage: (i) richness, (ii) (iii) evenness. demonstrate use these (a) simulating soundscapes assess whether possess set desirable behaviours (b) quantifying richness evenness along gradient species richness. outlined herein have positively correlated with sound‐producing species. This suggests more is occupied when higher. Additionally, species‐poor communities higher proportion rare less evenly. generates landscape scale provides useful tool for biodiversity monitoring. numbers can also be measure taxonomic, functional phylogenetic diversity. common gives behaviour, interpretation standardised unit, thus ensuring comparisons other represent real‐world rather than mathematical artefacts stemming from formulae.

Language: Английский

---

Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 930 - 940

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Abstract Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence similar habitats that are attributed adaptation the acoustic properties environment (the “acoustic hypothesis,” AAH), also evidence character displacement as result competition space among coexisting species niche partitioning hypothesis”). We explored avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous warm rainforests) southeastern Queensland, Australia. employed three diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, divergence) characterize space. In addition, we quantified phylogenetic morphological structure (in terms both body mass beak size) each community. Acoustic parameters showed moderately low signal, indicating labile evolution. Although did not find meaningful differences categories, was significant relationship between regularity component (evenness) vegetation height, signals more evenly dense habitats. After accounting volume (i.e., richness) decreased level resemblance given community increased. Additionally, found significantly negative divergence less their mass, songs likely be. This implies existence at level. Overall, while mixed AAH, our results suggest community-level effects may play role structuring within communities this region. study shows estimated by metrics ecology based on basic can provide additional insight into animal vocalizations.

Language: Английский

---

Spectrogram cross‐correlation can be used to measure the complexity of bird vocalizations

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 459 - 472

Published: Nov. 13, 2021

Abstract Birdsong is an important signal in mate attraction and territorial defence. Quantifying the complexity of these songs can shed light on individual fitness, sexual selection behaviour. Several techniques have been used to quantify song be broadly categorized into measures sequential variations diversity. However, methods are unable account for acoustic features like frequency bandwidth variety spectro‐temporal shape notes which integral part vocal signals. This study proposes a new method that considers intra‐song note variability calculates weighted index birdsongs using spectral cross‐correlation. We first compared previously described understand their advantages limitations based factors would affect songs. then developed method, Note Variability Index (NVI), incorporates complexity. alleviates need manual classification error‐prone. spectrogram cross‐correlation compare within output values To evaluate efficacy we generated synthetic caricature extremes selected conventional along with NVI. provide case‐specific methods. Additionally, examine this real‐world scenarios, natural from multiple species across globe varying structures our knowledge, NVI only captures variation shapes where fail distinguish between similar different types. Furthermore, as does not notes, it easily implemented any type birdsong existing sound analysis software; quick, avoids possible subjectivity automated large datasets.

Language: Английский

---

Spectrogram cross-correlation can be used to measure the complexity of bird vocalizations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2021

Summary Birdsong is an important signal in mate attraction and territorial defense. Quantifying the complexity of these songs can shed light on individual fitness, sexual selection, behavior. Several techniques have been used to quantify song be broadly categorized into diversity indices, measures stationary probabilities, sequential variations. However, methods are unable account for acoustic features like frequency bandwidth variety shape syllables which integral part vocal signals. This study proposes a new measure that considers intra-song note variability calculates weighted index birdsongs using spectral cross-correlation. We compared previously described understand advantages limitations based factors would affecting songs. developed method- Note Variability Index (NVI), incorporates notes while quantifying complexity. alleviates need manual annotations error-prone. Spectrogram Cross-Correlation (SPCC) compare within output values To check efficacy method, we generated synthetic caricature extremes selected conventional along with NVI. provide case-specific methods. Additionally, examine this method real-world scenarios, natural from multiple species across globe varying structures our knowledge, NVI only captures variation where fail distinguish between similar different types. As does not classification notes, it easily implemented any type birdsong existing sound analysis softwares; very quick, avoids possible biases classification, possibly automated large datasets future.

Language: Английский

---

Context-dependent organization of birdsong: experimental evidence from the collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 123026 - 123026

Published: Dec. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

---

ohun: an R package for diagnosing and optimizing automatic sound event detection

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Abstract Animal acoustic signals are widely used in diverse research areas due to the relative ease with which sounds can be registered across a wide range of taxonomic groups and settings. However, bioacoustics quickly generate large data sets, might prove challenging analyze promptly. Although many tools available for automated detection sounds, choosing right approach difficult only few provide framework evaluating performance. Here we present ohun , an R package intended facilitate sound detection. provides functions diagnose optimize routines compare performance among different approaches. The uses reference annotations containing time position target training set evaluate using common signal theory indices. This done both routine outputs imported from other software detections run within package. also organize sets format amenable analyses. includes energy-based template-based methods, two commonly automatic approaches bioacoustic research. We show how automatically detect vocal case studies adult male zebra finch ( Taenopygia gutata ) songs Spix’s disc-winged bat Thyroptera tricolor ultrasonic social calls. include examples external software. Finally, some general suggestions improve

Language: Английский

---

A framework for the quantification of soundscape diversity using Hill numbers

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Abstract Soundscape studies are increasingly common to capture landscape-scale ecological patterns. Yet, several aspects of soundscape diversity quantification remain unexplored. Although some processes influencing acoustic niche usage may operate in the 24h domain, most indices only sounds co-occurring sound files at a specific time day. Moreover, many do not consider relationship between spectral and temporal traits simultaneously. To provide novel insights into patterns broader scales, we present workflow quantify through lens functional ecology. Our quantifies 24-hour trait space. We put forward an entity, Operational Sound Unit (OSU), which groups by their shared properties. Using OSUs as our unit measurement, building on framework Hill numbers, propose three metrics that different space usage: (i) richness; (ii) diversity; (iii) evenness. demonstrate use these (a) simulating soundscapes assess if possess set desirable behaviours; (b) quantifying richness evenness along gradient species illustrate how can be used shed unique usage. that: outlined herein have positively correlated with soniferous species. This suggests is more filled where taxonomic higher. species-poor communities higher proportion rare less effectively. As correlation strong (>0.8) holds low sampling intensities, could serve proxy for richness. Quantifying ecology using analytical numbers generates landscape scale provides useful measurement.

Language: Английский

---

The Sound of Drystones: A Novel Hot-Spot of Ecoacoustics Research

Earth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 939 - 950

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Drystone terraces offer a series of ecosystem services including both biological and cultural benefits. The aesthetic contribution towards the landscape increase in biodiversity levels, constitute drystone other similar constructions, as important biocultural assets. low maintenance eventual abandonment cause drawbacks regarding sustainability agricultural environments. main goal this research was to assess effect terrace level on biodiversity. For that reason, two closely distant areas Lesbos Island (North Aegean, Greece) which olive grove dominate were compared. non-intrusive method ecoacoustics selected, levels acoustic complexity diversity statistically analyzed for included highly maintained poorly terraces. results indicated an area. At early stage, highlighted fact increased resources terraces, terms nesting feeding opportunities, levels. Nevertheless, spatiotemporal expansion is undeniably important.

Language: Английский

---