Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2690 - 2690

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead synthesis accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis these is regulated by the interplay molecules comprising phytohormones. volatile released upon attack capable directly inducing or priming hormonal pathways. Secondary enable quickly detect attacks respond a timely way rapidly changing scenario pest environment. Several studies suggested that potential for adaptation and/or resistance insect herbivores limited. These cause direct toxicity pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms herbivores, and, recruiting natural enemies, indirectly protect plants. Herbivores adapt up/down regulation sensory genes, sequestration detoxification toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, enemies pollinators. Although role plant-pollinator has been little explored, reports suggest both pollinators mutually benefited. Molecular insights into regulatory proteins genes involved will pave metabolic engineering biosynthetic pathway intermediates improving plant tolerance This review throws light on modulating interactions, contributing knowledge plant-herbivore their management an eco-friendly sustainable manner.

Language: Английский

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Plant Metabolomics: An Overview of the Role of Primary and Secondary Metabolites against Different Environmental Stress Factors

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 706 - 706

Published: March 6, 2023

Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the growth development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, ultraviolet radiations (UVr), reactive oxygen species (ROS), trace metals (TM), soil pH, are extremely destructive decrease crop yield worldwide. It is expected that more than 50% production losses due to stresses. Moreover, these factors responsible for physiological biochemical changes in plants. The response different plant such stresses a complex phenomenon with individual features several species. In addition, it has been shown stimulate multi-gene responses by making modifications accumulation primary secondary metabolites. Metabolomics promising way interpret stress tolerance study metabolic profiling revealed types metabolites, amino acids, carbohydrates, phenols, polyamines, terpenes, etc, which accumulated Among all, as lipids glycine betaine, considered major contributing work osmolytes osmoprotectants plants from various factors. contrast, plant-derived phenolics, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing compounds (alkaloids), have no direct role Nevertheless, metabolites could play significant defense protecting herbivores, insects, pathogens. they can enhance resistance against Therefore, metabolomics practices becoming essential influential identifying phytochemicals part acclimation stimuli. Hence, an accurate metabolome analysis important understand basics physiology biochemistry. This review provides insight into current information related impact on variations sets metabolite levels explores how help

Language: Английский

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Sprouts and Microgreens—Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 571 - 571

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

With the growing interest of society in healthy eating, fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on rise recent years globally. This review briefly describes crops commonly used for vegetable production, highlights Brassica because their health-promoting secondary metabolites (polyphenols, glucosinolates), looks at consumer acceptance sprouts microgreens. Apart from main landraces, wild food plants, crops’ relatives often have high phytonutrient density exciting flavors tastes, thus providing scope to widen range species this purpose. Moreover, nutritional value content phytochemicals vary with plant growth development within same crop. Sprouted microgreens are more nutrient-dense than ungerminated or mature vegetables. also environmental priming factors that may impact These include environment, substrates, imposed stresses, seed biostimulants, biofortification, effect light controlled environments. touches microgreen market trends. Due short cycle, can be produced minimal input; without pesticides, they even home-grown harvested needed, hence having low impacts a broad among health-conscious consumers.

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 698 - 698

Published: May 7, 2021

Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well boosting effects to biotic abiotic stress tolerance. The major biostimulants hydrolysates animal protein other that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts seaweeds, biopolymers, microbial origin, phosphite, silicon, among others. mechanisms involved in the protective varied depending compound and/or crop mostly related with improved physiological processes morphology aspects such enhanced root formation elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement seed germination rates better establishment, cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification heavy metals, stomatal conductance transpiration stimulation immune systems against stressors. aim this review was provide an overview application different crops within framework sustainable management, aiming gather critical information regarding their growth yield, quality final product. Moreover, main limitations practice future prospects research will be presented.

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants on Crops: Their Impact under Abiotic Stress Conditions

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 189 - 189

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Biostimulants are agronomic tools that have been gaining importance in the reduction of fertilizer applications. They can improve yield cropping systems or preventing crop losses under abiotic stresses. be composed organic and inorganic materials most components still unknown. The characterization molecular mechanism action biostimulants obtained using omics approach, which includes determination transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic changes treated plants. This review reports an overview biostimulants, taking stock on recent studies contributing to clarify their mechanisms. provide overall evaluation a crop’s response, connecting with physiological pathways activated performance without stress conditions. multiple responses plants must correlated phenotype changes. In this context, it is also crucial design adequate experimental plan statistical data analysis, order find robust correlations between biostimulant treatments performance.

Language: Английский

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Exogenous Gibberellic Acid or Dilute Bee Honey Boosts Drought Stress Tolerance in Vicia faba by Rebalancing Osmoprotectants, Antioxidants, Nutrients, and Phytohormones

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 748 - 748

Published: April 11, 2021

The use of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3) and biostimulants, including diluted bee honey (Db-H) can improve drought tolerance in many crops, the faba bean (Vicia L.). Db-H contains high values osmoprotectants, mineral nutrients, vitamins, antioxidants making it an effective regulator against environmental stress effects. Therefore, present study was planned to investigate potential improvement plant performance (growth productivity) under full watering (100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) (60% ETc) by foliar application GA3 (20 mg L−1) or g L−1). ameliorative impacts these on growth, productivity, physio-biochemical attributes, nutrient status, antioxidant defense system, phytohormones were evaluated. attenuated negative influences cell membrane stability, ion leakage, relative water content, leaf pigments related photosynthesis (chlorophylls carotenoids), efficiency photosystem II (PSII terms Fv/Fm index), thus improving green pod yield, efficiency. Drought caused abnormal state nutrients photosynthetic machinery due increased indicators oxidative (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) superoxide (O2•−)), associated with osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, protein), non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol), enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase). However, foliar-applied mediated further increases capacity, GA3, indole-3-acetic cytokinins, along decreased levels MDA abscisic acid. These results suggest at tested concentrations mitigate drought-induced damage plants obtain satisfactory productivity a deficit up 40%.

Language: Английский

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Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability

Microbial Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 86(3), P. 1455 - 1486

Published: March 14, 2023

Abstract Globally, substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance abiotic biotic stresses, growth development, stimulating immune systems. Moreover, endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, bioremediation, are widely used many industries. have stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral metal solubility by cells through secretion organic acids low molecular weight metal-specific ligands (such siderophores) that alter soil pH boost binding activity. Finally, synthesize various bioactive compounds high competence promising candidates new drugs, antibiotics, medicines. Bioprospecting novel secondary metabolites has given momentum sustainable agriculture combating stresses. Biotechnological interventions aid played pivotal crop improvement mitigate stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, heavy metals. Identification putative genes from conferring tolerance diseases, apart those involved accumulation degradation contaminants, could open avenues development. Furthermore, detailed biochemical understanding endophyte entry colonization strategy would better help manipulating productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, present review highlights current trends based on SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological microorganisms stresses influencing productivity, future opportunities improving tolerance, their contribution remediation hazardous contaminants. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Foliar nutrition: Potential and challenges under multifaceted agriculture

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 104909 - 104909

Published: May 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Harnessing root exudates for plant microbiome engineering and stress resistance in plants

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 279, P. 127564 - 127564

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Next generation plant biostimulants & genome sequencing strategies for sustainable agriculture development

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 17, 2024

The best environment for plant growth and development contains certain essential metabolites. A broad category of metabolites known as "plant biostimulants" (PBs) includes biomolecules such proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, other secondary related to groups terpenes, specific nitrogen-containing compounds, benzene ring-conjugated compounds. formation depends on both biotic abiotic factors, the release PB by plants, animals, microorganisms, or it can result from control temperature, humidity, pressure in atmosphere, case humic substances (HSs). Understanding genomic outputs concerned organism (may be plants others than them) becomes crucial identifying underlying behaviors that lead synthesis these complex For purposes achieving objectives sustainable agriculture, detailed research PBs is because they aid increasing yield patterns agro-economic crops. regulation homeostasis plant-soil-microbe system survival humans animals mediated action biostimulants, considered plants. size gene operons functional have so far been revealed through technological implementations, but important annotations are still lacking, causing a delay revealing information. Next-generation sequencing techniques, nanopore, nanoball, Illumina, troubleshooting information gaps. These technical advancements greatly expanded candidate openings. being precursors need studied much wider scale accurate calculations biochemical reactions, taking place inside outside synthesized living cell. present review highlights techniques provide foundation opportunity generation agricultural sustainability.

Language: Английский

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