The role of DNA damage in neural stem cells ageing

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 239(4)

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Abstract Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent with the potential to differentiate into a variety of nerve cells. NSCs susceptible both intracellular and extracellular insults, thus causing DNA damage. Extracellular insults include ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, base analogs, modifiers, alkyl agents others, while factors Reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals produced by mitochondria, mismatches that occur during replication, deamination bases, loss more. When encountered damage, typically employ three coping strategies: repair, damage tolerance, apoptosis. NSCs, like many other cells, have ability divide, differentiate, repair prevent mutations from being passed down next generation. However, when accumulates over time, it will lead series alterations in metabolism which cause cellular ageing. The ageing exhaustion neural cell serious effects on body, such as neurodegenerative diseases. purpose this review is examine processes leads mechanisms NSCs.

Language: Английский

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RNA modifications in pulmonary diseases

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Threatening public health, pulmonary disease (PD) encompasses diverse lung injuries like chronic obstructive PD, fibrosis, asthma, infections due to pathogen invasion, and fatal cancer. The crucial involvement of RNA epigenetic modifications in PD pathogenesis is underscored by robust evidence. These not only shape cell fates but also finely modulate the expression genes linked progression, suggesting their utility as biomarkers targets for therapeutic strategies. critical implicated PDs are summarized this review, including N 6 ‐methylation adenosine, 1 5‐methylcytosine, pseudouridine (5‐ribosyl uracil), 7‐methylguanosine, adenosine inosine editing, along with relevant regulatory mechanisms. By shedding light on pathology PDs, these summaries could spur identification new strategies, ultimately paving way early diagnosis treatment innovation.

Language: Английский

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The emerging roles of tRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments during aging: Lessons from studies on model organisms

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 101863 - 101863

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Roles of Aging, Circular RNAs, and RNA Editing in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1443 - 1443

Published: May 22, 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable motor neuron disease caused by upper and lower death. Despite advances in our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, effective treatment for this fatal remains elusive. As aging a major risk factor ALS, age-related molecular changes may provide clues the development new therapeutic strategies. Dysregulation age-dependent RNA metabolism plays pivotal role pathogenesis ALS. In addition, failure editing at glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site GluA2 mRNA causes excitotoxicity due to excessive Ca2+ influx through Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors, which recognized as underlying mechanism death Circular RNAs (circRNAs), circular form cognate generated back-splicing, are abundant brain accumulate with age. Hence, they assumed play neurodegeneration. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation circRNA expression involved pathogenesis. Herein, we review potential associations between circRNAs editing, discuss possibility developing therapies biomarkers based on editing.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering RNA m⁶A regulation in aging: Perspectives on current advances and future directions

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(10)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Abstract N 6 ‐methyladenosine (m A) is a dynamic and reversible RNA modification that has emerged as crucial player in the life cycle of RNA, thus playing pivotal role various biological processes. In recent years, potential involvement m A aging age‐related diseases gained increasing attention, making it promising target for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying developing new therapeutic strategies. This Perspective article will summarize current advances aging‐related regulation, highlighting most significant findings their implications our cellular senescence aging, targeting regulation strategy. We also discuss limitations challenges this field provide insights into future research directions. By providing comprehensive overview state field, aims to facilitate further identify targets diseases.

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of Mettl3 ameliorates osteoblastic senescence by mitigating m6A modifications on Slc1a5 via Igf2bp2-dependent mechanisms

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1870(7), P. 167273 - 167273

Published: June 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Longevity, Centenarians and Modified Cellular Proteodynamics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2888 - 2888

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

We have shown before that at least one intracellular proteolytic system seems to be as abundant in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of centenarians same cells young individuals (with elderly population showing a significant dip compared both and centenarian cohorts). Despite scarce published data, this review, we tried answer question how do different types longevous people—nonagenarians (semi)supercentenarians—maintain quality quantity their structural functional proteins? Specifically, asked if more robust proteodynamics participate longevity. hypothesized some factors controlling maintenance cellular proteomes will remain “young” level (just performing better than average elderly). In our quest, considered multiple aspects protein (proteodynamics), including transcribed DNA, its epigenetic changes, fidelity quantitative features transcription mRNA noncoding RNAs, process translation, posttranslational modifications leading maturation functionalization nascent proteins, and, finally, facets elimination misfolded, aggregated, otherwise dysfunctional proteins (autophagy). also included status mitochondria, especially production ATP necessary for synthesis maintenance. found with exception latter chaperone function, practically all did show performance elderly, most them approached levels/activities seen individuals.

Language: Английский

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Small Nucleolar (Sno)RNA: Therapy Lays in Translation

Non-Coding RNA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 35 - 35

Published: June 8, 2023

The ribosome is one of the largest complexes in cell. Adding to its complexity are more than 200 RNA modification sites present on ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) a single human ribosome. These modifications occur functionally important regions rRNA molecule, and they vital for function proper gene expression. Until recent technological advancements, study their profiles has been extremely laborious, leaving many questions unanswered. Small nucleolar (snoRNAs) non-coding that facilitate dictate specificity deposition, making them an attractive target modulation. Here, we propose through mapping profiles, can identify cell-specific with high therapeutic potential. We also describe challenges achieving targeting needed implement snoRNAs as targets cancers.

Language: Английский

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N⁶-Methyladenosine in Vascular Aging and Related Diseases: Clinical Perspectives

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Aging leads to progressive deterioration of the structure and function arteries, which eventually contributes development vascular aging-related diseases. N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is most prevalent modification in eukaryotic RNAs. This reversible m⁶A RNA dynamically regulated by writers, erasers, readers, playing a critical role various physiological pathological conditions affecting almost all stages life cycle. Recent studies have highlighted involvement aging related diseases, shedding light on its potential clinical significance. In this paper, we comprehensively discuss current understanding implications. We molecular insights into association with realities, emphasizing significance unraveling mechanisms underlying aging. Furthermore, explore possibility regulators as indicators for early diagnosis prognosis prediction investigate therapeutic m⁶A-associated anti-aging approaches. also examine challenges future directions field highlight necessity integrating knowledge patient-centered care. Finally, emphasize need multidisciplinary collaboration advance research application.

Language: Английский

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Impact of microRNAs on cardiovascular diseases and aging

Journal of International Medical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men women among all ethnicities worldwide. Although significant improvements in management CVD occurred 20th century, non-invasive, universal, early diagnostic biomarkers newer therapeutic drugs are needed clinical treatment by physicians. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) a class endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded, small RNA molecules that critically controlled human biological processes. Moreover, dysregulated miRNA expression directly involved various CVDs, including stable coronary artery acute syndrome. Several miRNAs enriched plasma patients have potential as biomarkers, overexpression or inhibition specific has novel significance CVD. Aging multifactorial physiological process gradually deteriorates tissue organ function considered non-modifiable major risk factor CVDs. Recently, several studies established essentially regulate aging aging-related This narrative review briefly discusses recently updated molecular involvement their possible diagnostic, prognostic, value, relationship to process.

Language: Английский

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